According to spider patterns five different types of thermal groundwater are distinguishable in Jordan. Each spider diagram comprises groups of elements which characterise soluble minerals of the aquifer such as halite, calcite, and gypsum, and leachable fractions of trace elements such as B, Ba, Br, Y, Cs, Rb, and U. In Jordan, mineralization of groundwater is largely controlled by dissolution of halite, carbonates, gypsum, and leaching diverse K-bearing minerals. Caused by interaction with Neogene basalts, limestones are silicified and mineralogically altered. Groundwater from these aquifers significantly differs in composition from those of the unaltered limestone aquifers. The benefit of spider patterns is that they visualise (i) chemical differences in groundwater from essentially similar aquifer rock such as young, old or thermally altered limestones and (ii) chemical similarities of groundwater produced from different geological formations. In contrast to spider patterns, ionic ratios widely overlap and do not unequivocally allow grouping of groundwater. δ 34 S(sulfate) varies between -4 and +29‰. Low values prove the presence of oxidised sulfides either of igneous origin or from sedimentary rocks. The spread of δ 34 S is caused by mixing with marine sulfate. All analysed water from Paleozoic rocks is replenished from younger aquifers. Considerable transaquifer flow exists more or less all over the Jordan territory. Salinization of sandstone-bound water along the rift escarpment is caused by a Na + -K + -SO 2 4 -HCO - 3 brine, whereas the wells Al Umari 1 and Wadi Araba 5 are affected by the presence of a Ca 2+ -Cl - brine.
{"title":"Sources of mineralization and salinization of thermal groundwater of Jordan","authors":"P. Möller, S. Geyer, E. Salameh, P. Dulski","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500613","url":null,"abstract":"According to spider patterns five different types of thermal groundwater are distinguishable in Jordan. Each spider diagram comprises groups of elements which characterise soluble minerals of the aquifer such as halite, calcite, and gypsum, and leachable fractions of trace elements such as B, Ba, Br, Y, Cs, Rb, and U. In Jordan, mineralization of groundwater is largely controlled by dissolution of halite, carbonates, gypsum, and leaching diverse K-bearing minerals. Caused by interaction with Neogene basalts, limestones are silicified and mineralogically altered. Groundwater from these aquifers significantly differs in composition from those of the unaltered limestone aquifers. The benefit of spider patterns is that they visualise (i) chemical differences in groundwater from essentially similar aquifer rock such as young, old or thermally altered limestones and (ii) chemical similarities of groundwater produced from different geological formations. In contrast to spider patterns, ionic ratios widely overlap and do not unequivocally allow grouping of groundwater. δ 34 S(sulfate) varies between -4 and +29‰. Low values prove the presence of oxidised sulfides either of igneous origin or from sedimentary rocks. The spread of δ 34 S is caused by mixing with marine sulfate. All analysed water from Paleozoic rocks is replenished from younger aquifers. Considerable transaquifer flow exists more or less all over the Jordan territory. Salinization of sandstone-bound water along the rift escarpment is caused by a Na + -K + -SO 2 4 -HCO - 3 brine, whereas the wells Al Umari 1 and Wadi Araba 5 are affected by the presence of a Ca 2+ -Cl - brine.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"86-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86860866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We compared the seasonal occurrence of Leptomitus lacteus (Roth) C. Agardh (Oomycetes, Leptomitales) in freshwater samples from autumn 2003 to summer 2004. For this purpose, we analysed 42 different water samples of running waters from Hesse and Thuringia and additionally of stagnant waters and of a spring from Hesse. For isolating L. lacteus, the baiting technique was used. The simultaneous limnochemical characterisation of the examined waters resulted in information on the trophic status of the lakes and the water quality classification of some rivers. L. lacteus occurred in all three types of waters examined. Based on the number of samples in which it occurred, L. lacteus seems to prefer rivers rather than stagnant waters. L. lacteus could be isolated during the whole year. Nevertheless, most isolates were obtained in winter. Hence, a preference for growth and propagation in winter is postulated.
我们比较了2003年秋季和2004年夏季淡水样品中乳Leptomitus lacteus (Roth) C. Agardh(卵菌，Leptomitales)的季节发生情况。为此，我们分析了来自黑森州和图林根州的42个不同的自来水样本，以及黑森州的死水和泉水样本。采用诱捕法分离乳酸乳杆菌。同时对被测水域进行的湖沼化学特征分析得出了湖泊营养状况和一些河流水质分类的信息。乳杆菌在所有三种类型的水域均有发现。根据发生这种情况的样本数量，乳杆菌似乎更喜欢河流而不是死水。乳酸乳杆菌全年均可分离到。然而，大多数分离株在冬季获得。因此，人们认为偏爱在冬季生长和繁殖。
{"title":"The seasonal occurrence of the sewage fungus Leptomitus lacteus (Roth) C. Agardh in stagnant and running waters of different water chemistry of Hesse and Thuringia, Germany","authors":"A. Riethmüller, A. Gründel, E. Langer","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500606","url":null,"abstract":"We compared the seasonal occurrence of Leptomitus lacteus (Roth) C. Agardh (Oomycetes, Leptomitales) in freshwater samples from autumn 2003 to summer 2004. For this purpose, we analysed 42 different water samples of running waters from Hesse and Thuringia and additionally of stagnant waters and of a spring from Hesse. For isolating L. lacteus, the baiting technique was used. The simultaneous limnochemical characterisation of the examined waters resulted in information on the trophic status of the lakes and the water quality classification of some rivers. L. lacteus occurred in all three types of waters examined. Based on the number of samples in which it occurred, L. lacteus seems to prefer rivers rather than stagnant waters. L. lacteus could be isolated during the whole year. Nevertheless, most isolates were obtained in winter. Hence, a preference for growth and propagation in winter is postulated.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"23 1","pages":"58-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78606845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four types of thermal groundwater in Jordan were distinguished by Y and rare earth elements (REY) distribution patterns. Complementary to the stratigraphic origin of water in springs or of wells, REY patterns identify either recharge areas covered by basalt, limestones or sandstone, or interaction with basalt-limestone contact zones. This hydrochemical grouping does not always correspond with "common geological knowledge" of the aquifer lithology of the thermal water. Therefore, comparison of the hydrochemical signatures of REY patterns and the lithological source of water yield insight into transaquifer flow. Out of 44 analysed groundwater, 18 indicated down- and 3 upflow of water the latter due to step faults near the Rift system. During transaquifer flow REY patterns of groundwater from basalts and gypsum beds or gypsum-cemented sandstones are not changed by subsequent interaction with limestones, whereas in groundwater originating from dissolution of chalk and limestones REY patterns are adjusted to those typical for gypsum-bearing sediments. Cross plots of δ 18 O vs. δ 2 H reveal essentially two trends. The main trend of water from limestone aquifers define a mixing line of past to recent meteoric water with negligible contributions of Pleistocene water. Some water from Eocene aquifers plot on the local Mediterranean meteoric water line, others plot together with water from sandstone aquifers at enhanced δ 18 O values due to hydrothermal overprinting.
{"title":"Characterization of the sources of thermal spring- and well water in Jordan by rare earth element and yttrium distribution and stable isotopes of H2O","authors":"P. Möller, P. Dulski, E. Salameh, S. Geyer","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500614","url":null,"abstract":"Four types of thermal groundwater in Jordan were distinguished by Y and rare earth elements (REY) distribution patterns. Complementary to the stratigraphic origin of water in springs or of wells, REY patterns identify either recharge areas covered by basalt, limestones or sandstone, or interaction with basalt-limestone contact zones. This hydrochemical grouping does not always correspond with \"common geological knowledge\" of the aquifer lithology of the thermal water. Therefore, comparison of the hydrochemical signatures of REY patterns and the lithological source of water yield insight into transaquifer flow. Out of 44 analysed groundwater, 18 indicated down- and 3 upflow of water the latter due to step faults near the Rift system. During transaquifer flow REY patterns of groundwater from basalts and gypsum beds or gypsum-cemented sandstones are not changed by subsequent interaction with limestones, whereas in groundwater originating from dissolution of chalk and limestones REY patterns are adjusted to those typical for gypsum-bearing sediments. Cross plots of δ 18 O vs. δ 2 H reveal essentially two trends. The main trend of water from limestone aquifers define a mixing line of past to recent meteoric water with negligible contributions of Pleistocene water. Some water from Eocene aquifers plot on the local Mediterranean meteoric water line, others plot together with water from sandstone aquifers at enhanced δ 18 O values due to hydrothermal overprinting.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"36 1","pages":"101-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90495991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of different organic and inorganic aqueous matrices on the photocatalytical degradation of dissolved atrazine and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) with immobilized TiO 2 was investigated. Two series of experiments were carried out at pH values around 7.1 for the degradation of atrazine and around 5.3 for the degradation of DCA. It is shown that the effects of the water constituents are completely different for the various substances and pH ranges. In pure deionized water 95% of the initial amount p = 1 mg/L of atrazine were degraded within 24 hours. Tap water as matrix led to a distinct lower degradation rate (factor 3). The single additives chloride, sulfate, phosphate, carbonate and DOC showed no decrease in the degradation rate. Especially in the case of phosphate and carbonate there was even a significant promoting effect. DEDIA, the doubly desalkylated and not dechlorinated product, occurred in higher concentrations than in the experiment without additives. In pure deionized water ρ 0 (DCA) = 1 mg/L was completely degraded within 330 min. By addition of any tested substance, organic or inorganic, the degradation rate of DCA, which is strongly dependent on the adsorption on the TiO 2 surface, decreased clearly. In the case of tap water the degradation rate decreased by a factor of 7.5. From the checked inorganic ions phosphate showed the strongest effect followed by sulfate, chloride and carbonate. Added DOC also had a significant influence on the degradation rate.
{"title":"Matrix effects on the photocatalytical degradation of dichloroacetic acid and atrazine in water","authors":"Markus Ziegmann, Tusnelda E. Doll, F. Frimmel","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500618","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of different organic and inorganic aqueous matrices on the photocatalytical degradation of dissolved atrazine and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) with immobilized TiO 2 was investigated. Two series of experiments were carried out at pH values around 7.1 for the degradation of atrazine and around 5.3 for the degradation of DCA. It is shown that the effects of the water constituents are completely different for the various substances and pH ranges. In pure deionized water 95% of the initial amount p = 1 mg/L of atrazine were degraded within 24 hours. Tap water as matrix led to a distinct lower degradation rate (factor 3). The single additives chloride, sulfate, phosphate, carbonate and DOC showed no decrease in the degradation rate. Especially in the case of phosphate and carbonate there was even a significant promoting effect. DEDIA, the doubly desalkylated and not dechlorinated product, occurred in higher concentrations than in the experiment without additives. In pure deionized water ρ 0 (DCA) = 1 mg/L was completely degraded within 330 min. By addition of any tested substance, organic or inorganic, the degradation rate of DCA, which is strongly dependent on the adsorption on the TiO 2 surface, decreased clearly. In the case of tap water the degradation rate decreased by a factor of 7.5. From the checked inorganic ions phosphate showed the strongest effect followed by sulfate, chloride and carbonate. Added DOC also had a significant influence on the degradation rate.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"6 1","pages":"146-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88305248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Selig, H. Baudler, Mathias Krech, Günther Nausch
Coastal waters are transitional zones between limnic waters and marine systems. The anthropogenic impact on these water bodies is high and a rapid change of trophic level was observed within the last 50 years. In the Darss-Zingst Bodden chain (southern Baltic Sea - Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Germany), the change in trophic state during the last thirty years can be reconstructed by long-term monitoring of chemical, hydrographical and biological parameters with an up to daily resolution. Until the 1980s, increased input of the anthropogenic nutrient load from the catchment area has been documented. However, with the implementation of the HELCOM recommendations the input of phosphorus and nitrogen was reduced in the 1990s. In contrast to the reduction of nutrient inputs, a decrease in nutrient concentrations and primary production could not be observed. The reasons are a high internal nutrient load and the release of nutrients out of the sediments. Numerous research projects allowed the description and quantification of these processes. Today, the internal phosphorus pool exceeds the external phosphorus load several fold. These results are the scientific basis for the development of restoration strategies of coastal waters. The development of suitable management plans is necessary for the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive to guarantee a good ecological state by 2015. The long time acquisition of monitoring data and voluminous complementary specific research projects was enabled by the local field research conditions of the Biological Station of the University of Rostock in Zingst.
{"title":"Nutrient accumulation and nutrient retention in coastal waters – 30 years investigation in the Darss‐Zingst Bodden chain","authors":"U. Selig, H. Baudler, Mathias Krech, Günther Nausch","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500616","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal waters are transitional zones between limnic waters and marine systems. The anthropogenic impact on these water bodies is high and a rapid change of trophic level was observed within the last 50 years. In the Darss-Zingst Bodden chain (southern Baltic Sea - Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Germany), the change in trophic state during the last thirty years can be reconstructed by long-term monitoring of chemical, hydrographical and biological parameters with an up to daily resolution. Until the 1980s, increased input of the anthropogenic nutrient load from the catchment area has been documented. However, with the implementation of the HELCOM recommendations the input of phosphorus and nitrogen was reduced in the 1990s. In contrast to the reduction of nutrient inputs, a decrease in nutrient concentrations and primary production could not be observed. The reasons are a high internal nutrient load and the release of nutrients out of the sediments. Numerous research projects allowed the description and quantification of these processes. Today, the internal phosphorus pool exceeds the external phosphorus load several fold. These results are the scientific basis for the development of restoration strategies of coastal waters. The development of suitable management plans is necessary for the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive to guarantee a good ecological state by 2015. The long time acquisition of monitoring data and voluminous complementary specific research projects was enabled by the local field research conditions of the Biological Station of the University of Rostock in Zingst.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"18 1","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88396391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Heim, A. Hucke, J. Schwarzbauer, R. Littke, A. Mangini
A subaquatic sediment core was taken from the Rhine River to determine substance specific concentration profiles in correlation to time and depth. Based on these data emission histories were related for selected contaminants. Significant emission sources and emission pathways were compiled. In correlation to investigations of national and international monitoring programmes a significant reduction of environmental emissions up to a tenth of previous values were found since 1998. Some selected compounds, discharged by municipal and industrial activities, for example disinfectants (methyltriclosan), flame retardants (tris(chloropropyl)phosphate), chlorinated benzenes, anilines and naphthalenes, can be classified as significant synthetic substances in the scope of the Water Framework Directive. Because of their chemical characters, their persistence, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity, as well as their occurrence within the sediment core, these compounds create a significant potential risk for water quality, but a reduction of these synthetic compounds to zero cannot be expected for the next future. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive reconstruction of the pollution history of anthropogenic contaminants, their fate and behaviour in the fluvial system. In addition, an estimation of the time period required for environmental measurements and monitoring programmes to improve, achieve and save a good status of the river systems are given.
{"title":"Geochronology of anthropogenic contaminants in a dated sediment core of the Rhine River (Germany): emission sources and risk assessment","authors":"S. Heim, A. Hucke, J. Schwarzbauer, R. Littke, A. Mangini","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500609","url":null,"abstract":"A subaquatic sediment core was taken from the Rhine River to determine substance specific concentration profiles in correlation to time and depth. Based on these data emission histories were related for selected contaminants. Significant emission sources and emission pathways were compiled. In correlation to investigations of national and international monitoring programmes a significant reduction of environmental emissions up to a tenth of previous values were found since 1998. Some selected compounds, discharged by municipal and industrial activities, for example disinfectants (methyltriclosan), flame retardants (tris(chloropropyl)phosphate), chlorinated benzenes, anilines and naphthalenes, can be classified as significant synthetic substances in the scope of the Water Framework Directive. Because of their chemical characters, their persistence, bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity, as well as their occurrence within the sediment core, these compounds create a significant potential risk for water quality, but a reduction of these synthetic compounds to zero cannot be expected for the next future. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive reconstruction of the pollution history of anthropogenic contaminants, their fate and behaviour in the fluvial system. In addition, an estimation of the time period required for environmental measurements and monitoring programmes to improve, achieve and save a good status of the river systems are given.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"55 1","pages":"34-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80429252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Simon, R. Brüggemann, H. Behrendt, E. Shulenberger, S. Pudenz
METEOR (METhod of Evaluation by ORder) is introduced as a new evaluation approach, based on partial order theory. METEOR combines transparent decision support and convenient tools for data analysis with the ability to include stakeholders' preferences in the decision process. The basic idea is a systematic step-by-step aggregation of indicators, including their weighting. We applied METEOR to evaluate the eco-hydrological effects of nine water management strategies upon the complex surface water system of Berlin and Potsdam, Germany. Altogether 14 river sections are defined, each of which is evaluated by a set of four hydro-chemical indicators. Aggregation of indicators was performed on two levels: spatially with respect to the river sections, and thematically to the four indicators themselves. The METEOR result is in good agreement with that obtained by the PROMETHEE approach. However, advantages of METEOR are (1) identification of sensitive steps of indicator aggregation, and (2) extraction of explanatory background information about advantages and disadvantages of scenarios. Both topics enhance the transparency of the evaluation process and thus support public acceptance of the decision.
METEOR (METhod of Evaluation by ORder)是一种基于偏序理论的新型评价方法。METEOR结合了透明的决策支持和方便的数据分析工具，并能够将利益相关者的偏好纳入决策过程。其基本思想是系统地逐步汇总指标，包括它们的权重。本文应用METEOR对德国柏林和波茨坦复杂的地表水系统进行了9种水管理策略的生态水文效应评价。总共确定了14个河段，每个河段都用一套四种水化学指标进行评价。指标的汇总在两个层面上进行:空间上与河段有关，主题上与四个指标本身有关。METEOR的结果与PROMETHEE方法的结果一致。然而，METEOR的优势在于(1)识别指标聚集的敏感步骤，(2)提取场景优缺点的解释背景信息。这两个主题都提高了评估过程的透明度，从而支持公众接受决策。
{"title":"METEOR: a step-by-step procedure to explore effects of indicator aggregation in multi criteria decision aiding – application to water management in Berlin, Germany","authors":"U. Simon, R. Brüggemann, H. Behrendt, E. Shulenberger, S. Pudenz","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500619","url":null,"abstract":"METEOR (METhod of Evaluation by ORder) is introduced as a new evaluation approach, based on partial order theory. METEOR combines transparent decision support and convenient tools for data analysis with the ability to include stakeholders' preferences in the decision process. The basic idea is a systematic step-by-step aggregation of indicators, including their weighting. We applied METEOR to evaluate the eco-hydrological effects of nine water management strategies upon the complex surface water system of Berlin and Potsdam, Germany. Altogether 14 river sections are defined, each of which is evaluated by a set of four hydro-chemical indicators. Aggregation of indicators was performed on two levels: spatially with respect to the river sections, and thematically to the four indicators themselves. The METEOR result is in good agreement with that obtained by the PROMETHEE approach. However, advantages of METEOR are (1) identification of sensitive steps of indicator aggregation, and (2) extraction of explanatory background information about advantages and disadvantages of scenarios. Both topics enhance the transparency of the evaluation process and thus support public acceptance of the decision.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"11 1","pages":"126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78874709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes the impact of septic tanks on the groundwater quality of the shallow Pleistocene aquifer in Jericho area, Westbank, Palestine. Septic tanks are widely used for storage and disposal of sewage in the populated and agricultural city of Jericho. Routine hydrochemical tests for groundwater quality performed for several years identified the problem of a gradual nitrate increase, without pinpointing its definite sources. The geological formations of the Jericho area and the shallow nature of the Pleistocene aquifer, together with the mechanism of recharge, make the groundwater in this aquifer highly susceptible to contamination, particularly along sewers. The lithology of the Samara (high hydraulic conductivity) and the Lisan formation (low conductivity but increased infiltration along fractures) promote easy seepage of agricultural and anthropogenic inputs into the groundwater. Nitrate concentrations are elevated near septic tanks and animal farms, with nitrate values exceeding 74 mg/L. δ 15 N nitrate and δ 18 O nitrate signatures suggest sewage and manure as the main sources of high nitrate concentration in the groundwater. Samples taken during the end of the dry season indicate that a slight denitrification in the aquifer.
{"title":"Identification of nitrate sources in groundwater by δ15Nnitrateand δ18Onitrate isotopes: a study of the shallow Pleistocene aquifer in the Jericho area, Palestine","authors":"S. Khayat, S. Geyer, H. Hötzl, M. Ghanem, W. Ali","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200400615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200400615","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the impact of septic tanks on the groundwater quality of the shallow Pleistocene aquifer in Jericho area, Westbank, Palestine. Septic tanks are widely used for storage and disposal of sewage in the populated and agricultural city of Jericho. Routine hydrochemical tests for groundwater quality performed for several years identified the problem of a gradual nitrate increase, without pinpointing its definite sources. The geological formations of the Jericho area and the shallow nature of the Pleistocene aquifer, together with the mechanism of recharge, make the groundwater in this aquifer highly susceptible to contamination, particularly along sewers. The lithology of the Samara (high hydraulic conductivity) and the Lisan formation (low conductivity but increased infiltration along fractures) promote easy seepage of agricultural and anthropogenic inputs into the groundwater. Nitrate concentrations are elevated near septic tanks and animal farms, with nitrate values exceeding 74 mg/L. δ 15 N nitrate and δ 18 O nitrate signatures suggest sewage and manure as the main sources of high nitrate concentration in the groundwater. Samples taken during the end of the dry season indicate that a slight denitrification in the aquifer.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"41 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79181221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationships between cyanobacterial abundance and the physical and chemical characteristics of waters were studied to identify the environmental variables responsible for the changes in species composition observed in a river characterized by variations in water quality. Principal component analysis showed that some communities had significantly different species composition and relationships with environmental variables than others. These analyses allowed us to identify indicator species with contrasting responses to nutrient conditions. One of the four cyanobacterial groups distinguished in the analysis was negatively correlated with variables related to aspects of water disturbance, including nutrients. The results indicate that the eutrophication gradient structured species composition and affected cyanobacterial community distribution. Since organisms have an integrating response to their environment, the use of cyanobacterial assemblages to indicate eutrophication gradients could help in the assessment of water quality in aquatic ecosystems.
{"title":"Benthic cyanobacterial assemblages as indicators of nutrient enrichment regimes in a Spanish river","authors":"E. Perona, P. Mateo","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500611","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between cyanobacterial abundance and the physical and chemical characteristics of waters were studied to identify the environmental variables responsible for the changes in species composition observed in a river characterized by variations in water quality. Principal component analysis showed that some communities had significantly different species composition and relationships with environmental variables than others. These analyses allowed us to identify indicator species with contrasting responses to nutrient conditions. One of the four cyanobacterial groups distinguished in the analysis was negatively correlated with variables related to aspects of water disturbance, including nutrients. The results indicate that the eutrophication gradient structured species composition and affected cyanobacterial community distribution. Since organisms have an integrating response to their environment, the use of cyanobacterial assemblages to indicate eutrophication gradients could help in the assessment of water quality in aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"47 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84775587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of Hyphomycetes developing on Eriophorum vaginatum L. and Sphagnum apiculatum H. Lindb was monitored. Samples were collected from water bodies accumulating over excavated peat in the Biebrzan?ski National Park in autumn and winter of 2002, and in spring and summer of 2003. 67 species of Fungi imperfecti were identified. We found 54 taxa of Hyphomycetes on Sphagnum apiculatum and 41 taxa on Eriophorum. 24 species were present on both species. The highest number of species was found in spring and the fewest in summer.
{"title":"Conidial fungi on plants in the Biebrzański National Park","authors":"M. Orłowska, I. Lengiewicz, H. Ostrowska","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500608","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of Hyphomycetes developing on Eriophorum vaginatum L. and Sphagnum apiculatum H. Lindb was monitored. Samples were collected from water bodies accumulating over excavated peat in the Biebrzan?ski National Park in autumn and winter of 2002, and in spring and summer of 2003. 67 species of Fungi imperfecti were identified. We found 54 taxa of Hyphomycetes on Sphagnum apiculatum and 41 taxa on Eriophorum. 24 species were present on both species. The highest number of species was found in spring and the fewest in summer.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"42 1","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80201152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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