Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200207)30:1<7::AID-AHEH7>3.0.CO;2-W
J. Pietsch, K. Bornmann, W. Schmidt
Bloom-forming cyanobacteria have been observed in eutrophic waterbodies including drinking water reservoirs all over the world. In this connection investigations about the relevance of intra- and extracellular cyanotoxins for drinking water treatment were carried out in laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments. An algae growth phase depended toxin release from cyanobacteria was obtained naturally caused from cultured cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) and in a eutrophic reservoir containing Planktothrix rubescens. Results from laboratory-scale tests using cultivated cyanobacteria and pilot-scale experiments at a eutrophic reservoir underline the induced toxin release during conventional water treatment. Additional to the known toxin release using pre-oxidation, it was obtained the first time that the application of flocculation/filtration also effects in toxin release under the conditions investigated, possibly caused by turbulences in pipes and pressure gradients in filters. Bedeutung intra- und extrazellularer Cyanotoxine fur die Trinkwasseraufbereitung Die Beeintrachtigung der Trinkwasserqualitat infolge oftmals uberraschender Algenmassenentwicklungen stellt die Wasserwerke in vielen Landern der Welt vor erhebliche Probleme. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde das Verhalten intra- und extrazellularer Cyanotoxine im Prozess der Wasseraufbereitung anhand von Laborversuchen und an einer kleintechnischen Versuchsanlage untersucht. Die naturliche Freisetzung der Cyanotoxine wurde, abhangig vom Wachstumsstadium der Cyanobakterien, sowohl an einer Microcystis aeruginosa-Kultur als auch an einer mit Planktothrix rubescens belasteten eutrophen Talsperre nachgewiesen. Im Ergebnis von Labor- und kleintechnischen Versuchen an kultivierten bzw. naturlich vorkommenden Cyanobakterien wurde festgestellt, dass im Prozess der konventionellen Aufbereitung eine induzierte Toxinfreisetzung stattfindet. Neben der bereits bekannten Freisetzung bei der Voroxidation konnte erstmals auch die Freisetzung von Cyanotoxinen im Prozess der Flockung/Filtration, wahrscheinlich hervorgerufen durch Turbulenzen im Leitungssystem und Druckgradienten in Filtern, nachgewiesen werden.
在世界各地的富营养化水体(包括饮用水水库)中都观察到形成水华的蓝藻。在这方面，在实验室和中试规模的实验中进行了关于细胞内和细胞外蓝藻毒素与饮用水处理的相关性的调查。从培养的蓝藻(铜绿微囊藻)和含有红毛浮游菌的富营养化水库中自然获得了藻类生长阶段依赖于毒素释放的蓝藻。利用培养蓝藻进行的实验室规模试验和在富营养化水库进行的中试规模试验的结果强调了常规水处理过程中诱导的毒素释放。除了已知的预氧化法释放毒素外，还首次发现在所研究的条件下，絮凝/过滤的应用也会影响毒素释放，这可能是由管道湍流和过滤器压力梯度引起的。Bedeutung细胞内和细胞外的氰胺，用于die trinkwasserasserquality，用于die trinkwasserasserquality，用于die trinkwasserasserquality，用于die trinkwasserwerke，用于die trinkwasserwerke。In diesem Zusammenhang wurde das Verhalten细胞内和细胞外的蓝藻毒素(Prozess der Wasseraufbereitung and hand von Laborversuchen and iner kleintechnischen versusuche unsucht)。Die naturliche Freisetzung der Cyanotoxine wurde, abhangingfrom Wachstumsstadium der cyanobakteren，因此，Wachstumsstadium铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginsa) - culberals，以及berbertix rubescens浮游菌(plankton thrix rubescens)，即富营养化菌Talsperre nachgewiesen。我对劳动、技术、生产和文化的理解。[3][3][3][1][3][1][3][1][3][1][3][4]。[5][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6]。
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Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200207)30:1<24::AID-AHEH24>3.0.CO;2-O
T. Heberer, D. Feldmann, K. Reddersen, H. Altmann, T. Zimmermann
In military out of area missions of the Bundeswehr, it can be necessary to produce drinking water even from highly polluted surface waters containing a variety of organic, inorganic, and microbiological contaminants. Thus, mobile drinking water purification systems must be able to remove such contaminants as far as possible to meet the requirements of the German and European drinking water regulation/directive. Presently, two novel drinking water purification units applying membrane filtration undergo intensive long-term trials carried out by the Bundeswehr. If these trials positively proof the functionality of these units and their ability to remove all possible contaminants they shall substitute so far available devices which use large amounts of chemicals and charcoal filtration for water purification.In the course of a research project, the functionality of the new devices and their efficacy to remove high amounts of algae, microbes, and organic and inorganic pollutants are additionally tested in “worst-case” field studies. In September 2000, the first mobile drinking water purification unit was tested at the Teltowkanal in Berlin, Germany.This canal was chosen because it carries high burdens of municipal sewage effluents. The results from the fatigue test confirmed the ability of the water purification unit to reduce the concentrations of all contaminants meeting the maximum tolerance levels set by the German/European drinking water regulation.The pre-filtration device was very effective in removing algae and solid particles to protect the membranes from clogging and to enable an almost maintenance-free operation. Residues of pharmaceuticals and some other organic contaminants have almost totally been removed from the surface water where they were detected at individual concentrations up to the μg/L-level. Gewinnung von Trinkwasser aus hochbelasteten Oberflachengewassern: Entfernung organischer, anorganischer und mikrobieller Kontaminanten mittels mobiler Membranfiltrationsanlagen Im Rahmen militarischer Auslandseinsatze der Bundeswehr kann es notwendig sein, Trinkwasser auch aus hochkontaminierten Oberflachengewassern zu gewinnen, die eine Vielzahl verschiedener organischer, anorganischer und mikrobiologischer Verunreinigungen enthalten. Mobile Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen mussen deshalb in der Lage sein, auch solche Kontaminanten soweit wie moglich zu entfernen, um die Anforderungen der deutschen bzw. europaischen Trinkwasserverordnung/-richtlinie zu erfullen. Derzeit werden mehrere neuartige, auf der Membranfiltrationstechnik basierende Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen im Rahmen extensiver Langzeittests bei der Bundeswehr untersucht. Sollten diese Tests im Hinblick auf die Funktionalitat der Anlage und ihrer Fahigkeit zur Entfernung aller relevanten Kontaminanten positiv verlaufen, so sollen diese die bislang verfugbaren Anlagen ersetzen, die grose Mengen an Chemikalien und Aktivkohle verbrauchen. Im Rahmen eines Forschung
在德国联邦国防军的军事区外任务中，甚至可能需要从含有各种有机、无机和微生物污染物的高度污染的地表水中生产饮用水。因此，移动饮用水净化系统必须能够尽可能地去除这些污染物，以满足德国和欧洲饮用水法规/指令的要求。目前，两种新型的饮用水净化装置采用膜过滤，由德国联邦国防军进行了密集的长期试验。如果这些试验积极证明这些装置的功能和它们去除所有可能污染物的能力，它们将取代迄今为止使用大量化学品和木炭过滤进行水净化的现有设备。在一个研究项目的过程中，新设备的功能及其去除大量藻类、微生物、有机和无机污染物的功效在“最坏情况”的实地研究中得到了额外的测试。2000年9月，第一个移动饮用水净化装置在德国柏林的Teltowkanal进行了测试。选择这条运河是因为它承载了大量的城市污水。疲劳测试的结果证实了净水装置降低所有污染物浓度的能力，达到了德国/欧洲饮用水法规规定的最大容忍水平。预过滤装置在去除藻类和固体颗粒方面非常有效，以防止膜堵塞，并使其几乎无需维护。药物残留和其他一些有机污染物几乎完全从地表水中清除，在地表水中检测到的个别浓度高达μg/ l水平。德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国德国Mobile Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen mussen deshalb in der Lage sein，每个solche kontamintententenso weitwimoglich zuentferen, um die Anforderungen der deutschen bzw。[au:] [au:] [au:]Derzeit werden mehrere neutige, Derzeit werden mehrere neutige, Derzeit werden mehrere neutige。溶蚀性疾病测试在Hinblick auf - auf -功能性疾病和Fahigkeit - zur - Entfernung -相关的污染和阳性的verlaufen，因此溶蚀性疾病与verfugbaren Anlagen ersetzen, die grose Mengen和chemistry and Aktivkohle verbrauchen有关。in Rahmen eines forschungsproject(项目项目)在“最坏情况”-“情景测试”中使用了“最坏情况”-“最坏情况”-“最坏情况”-“最坏情况”-“最坏情况”。2000年9月，在柏林举行的一场名为“德国之声”的活动中，“德国之声”被称为“德国之声”，被称为“德国之声”。参数deutlich unterhalb der gesetzlich geforderten Trinkwassergrenzwerte reduzieren konte。过滤技术在德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国、德国。ruckstand von Arzneimitteln und anderer organischer kontaminante, die z. T. in individuellen Konzentrationen bis in den μg/L-Bereich im Teltowkanal gefunden wurden, konnten mit der Anlage fast volstandig (i. d. R. < NWG) entfernt werden。
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Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200207)30:1<16::AID-AHEH16>3.0.CO;2-E
S. Nandini, Gloria Muro-Cruz, S. S. S. Sarma
We studied the relative competitive abilities of littoral cladocerans M.triserialis and A. rectangula using green algal food at two levels (0.5 · 106 and 2 · 106 cells mL−1 of Chlorella) under five different inoculation ratios. Both the cladoceran species were influenced by food availability and mutual competitive pressure. Macrothrix could withstand competition better under conditions of lower food availability while Alona grew better, despite competition, when more Chlorella was available. Population growth rates (r) ranged from 0.022…0.070 for Alona and from 0.024…0.075 for Macrothrix. There was a significant impact of the inoculation ratio on the maximal population density reached by either test species. Food concentration had a significant influence on the peak population density reached only for Alona rectangula. Data on the body sizes of M. triserialis and A. rectangula showed that there was a higher somatic growth with increasing food availability and decreased competitive pressure in both the test species. In Macrothrix, food concentration and the competition from Alona through different initial inoculation densities had a significant impact on the body size. At the lower food concentration, the body size was significantly smaller when the inoculation density was lowest (highest competitive pressure). The body size of Alona, on the other hand, was not affected by the competition but was significantly higher under conditions of greater food availability. These results have been discussed in light of different theories of competition. Konkurrenz zwischen den litoralen Cladoceren Macrothrix triserialis und Alona rectangula (Cladocera) in Bezug zur Nahrungsdichte der Algen und zur Inokulationsdichte Untersucht wird die relative Konkurrenzfahigkeit der litoralen Cladoceren M. triserialis und A. rectangula bei zwei Algendichten von Chlorella als Nahrungsquelle (0.5 · 106 und 2 · 106 Zellen mL−1) und funf verschiedenen Inokulationsdichten. Beide Cladoceren-Arten werden beeinflusst durch die Verfugbarkeit der Nahrung und den wechselseitigen Konkurrenzdruck. Macrothrix widersteht der Konkurrenz besser unter den Bedingungen geringeren Nahrungsangebotes, wahrend Alona trotz Konkurrenz besser wachst, wenn mehr Chlorella verfugbar ist. Die Wachstumsraten der Population (r) betragen 0.022…0.070 fur Alona und 0.024…0.075 fur Macrothrix. Fur jede der untersuchten Arten ergab sich ein signifikanter Einfluss der Inokulationsrate auf die erreichte maximale Populationsdichte. Die Nahrungskonzentration hatte nur fur Alona rectangula einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die erreichte maximale Populationsdichte. Daten zur Korpergrose von M. triserialis und A. rectangula zeigen ein hoheres somatisches Wachstum beider Arten bei zunehmender Nahrungsdichte und abnehmendem Konkurrenzdruck. Fur Macrothrix haben die Nahrungskonzentration und die Konkurrenz durch Alona bei unterschiedlicher initialer Inokulationsdichte signifikanten Einfluss auf die Korpergr
以小球藻0.5·106和2·106细胞mL−1为对照，研究了五种不同接种比例下，三尾枝藻(m.s erialis)和矩形枝藻(a.s recula)在两种水平上的相对竞争能力。两种支海动物均受到食物供应和相互竞争压力的影响。在食物供应较低的条件下，巨刺草能更好地抵御竞争，而在小球藻较多的情况下，尽管存在竞争，独角草生长得更好。种群增长率(r)分别为0.022 ~ 0.070和0.024 ~ 0.075。接种比例对两种试验种的最大种群密度均有显著影响。食物浓度对独角蝽达到的峰值种群密度有显著影响。三轴棘球蚴和矩形棘球蚴的体尺寸数据表明，随着食物供应的增加和竞争压力的降低，两种试验物种的体生长都更高。不同初始接种密度下的食物浓度和独角蝇的竞争对长毛蓟体长有显著影响。在较低的食物浓度下，接种密度最低(竞争压力最高)时，体尺显著变小。另一方面，Alona的体型不受竞争的影响，但在食物供应充足的情况下，体型明显更高。这些结果已经根据不同的竞争理论进行了讨论。小球藻和小球藻(0.5·106和2·106 Zellen mL−1)与小球藻(0.5·106和2·106 Zellen mL−1)之间的关系。Beide Cladoceren-Arten werden beinflist durch die Verfugbarkeit der Nahrung and den wechselseitigen Konkurrenzdruck。Macrothrix widersteht der Konkurrenz besser under den Bedingungen geringeren Nahrungsangebotes, wahona trotz Konkurrenz besser wachst, wenn mehr Chlorella verfugbar ist。Die Wachstumsraten der Population (r) betragen为:0.022 ~ 0.070，为:0.024 ~ 0.075。在这种情况下，大量的外来人口涌入会导致最大人口数量的增加。nahrungskonconcentration (nahrungskonconcentration)对单个矩形区域具有显著的影响，对最大种群分布具有显著的影响。3 .关于三轴线虫和长条线虫的研究进展:在人体发育方面的研究进展:在人体发育方面的研究进展:在人体发育方面的研究进展:在人体发育方面的研究进展:对长毛蓟马的nahrungskonation和Konkurrenz dura进行了非典型的初始化，结果表明，对长毛蓟马有显著的kanteinin侵染。德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语:德语。他说:“我想我是说，我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是。”我们的研究是在科学理论的基础上进行的。
{"title":"Competition Between Littoral Cladocerans Macrothrix triserialis and Alona rectangula (Cladocera) in Relation to Algal Food Level and Inoculation Density","authors":"S. Nandini, Gloria Muro-Cruz, S. S. S. Sarma","doi":"10.1002/1521-401X(200207)30:1<16::AID-AHEH16>3.0.CO;2-E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-401X(200207)30:1<16::AID-AHEH16>3.0.CO;2-E","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the relative competitive abilities of littoral cladocerans M.triserialis and A. rectangula using green algal food at two levels (0.5 · 106 and 2 · 106 cells mL−1 of Chlorella) under five different inoculation ratios. Both the cladoceran species were influenced by food availability and mutual competitive pressure. Macrothrix could withstand competition better under conditions of lower food availability while Alona grew better, despite competition, when more Chlorella was available. Population growth rates (r) ranged from 0.022…0.070 for Alona and from 0.024…0.075 for Macrothrix. There was a significant impact of the inoculation ratio on the maximal population density reached by either test species. Food concentration had a significant influence on the peak population density reached only for Alona rectangula. Data on the body sizes of M. triserialis and A. rectangula showed that there was a higher somatic growth with increasing food availability and decreased competitive pressure in both the test species. In Macrothrix, food concentration and the competition from Alona through different initial inoculation densities had a significant impact on the body size. At the lower food concentration, the body size was significantly smaller when the inoculation density was lowest (highest competitive pressure). The body size of Alona, on the other hand, was not affected by the competition but was significantly higher under conditions of greater food availability. These results have been discussed in light of different theories of competition. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Konkurrenz zwischen den litoralen Cladoceren Macrothrix triserialis und Alona rectangula (Cladocera) in Bezug zur Nahrungsdichte der Algen und zur Inokulationsdichte \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Untersucht wird die relative Konkurrenzfahigkeit der litoralen Cladoceren M. triserialis und A. rectangula bei zwei Algendichten von Chlorella als Nahrungsquelle (0.5 · 106 und 2 · 106 Zellen mL−1) und funf verschiedenen Inokulationsdichten. Beide Cladoceren-Arten werden beeinflusst durch die Verfugbarkeit der Nahrung und den wechselseitigen Konkurrenzdruck. Macrothrix widersteht der Konkurrenz besser unter den Bedingungen geringeren Nahrungsangebotes, wahrend Alona trotz Konkurrenz besser wachst, wenn mehr Chlorella verfugbar ist. Die Wachstumsraten der Population (r) betragen 0.022…0.070 fur Alona und 0.024…0.075 fur Macrothrix. Fur jede der untersuchten Arten ergab sich ein signifikanter Einfluss der Inokulationsrate auf die erreichte maximale Populationsdichte. Die Nahrungskonzentration hatte nur fur Alona rectangula einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die erreichte maximale Populationsdichte. Daten zur Korpergrose von M. triserialis und A. rectangula zeigen ein hoheres somatisches Wachstum beider Arten bei zunehmender Nahrungsdichte und abnehmendem Konkurrenzdruck. Fur Macrothrix haben die Nahrungskonzentration und die Konkurrenz durch Alona bei unterschiedlicher initialer Inokulationsdichte signifikanten Einfluss auf die Korpergr","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"76 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86683011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200207)30:1<34::AID-AHEH34>3.0.CO;2-M
W. Petersen, U. Callies
Time series of weekly water-quality data at Schnackenburg on the Elbe River (1985-2000) were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Considering the amplitudes of composite patterns of variables is a step towards a process-oriented interpretation of water-quality data. One specific objective was to investigate the impact of improved water quality after the German reunification in 1990 on primary production and the oxygen budget. To discriminate anthropogenic signals from natural fluctuations a separation of the impact of discharge was attempted based on a linear regression approach. A dominant pattern of co-variation in the residual data could be attributed to biological activity (primary production). The most relevant variables of this 'biomode' are oxygen saturation, pH, and orthophosphate. We conclude that multivariate statistical analysis of water-quality data can help to estimate primary production when direct observations of algal concentrations are missing. In the years from 1998-2000 the trend of the 'biomode' indicates an increased load of oxygen consuming biomass caused by enhanced primary production in the middle stretches of the Elbe River which corresponds with the observation of more severe oxygen deficits in the tidal section of the river.
{"title":"Assessment of Primary Production by Statistical Analysis of Water‐quality Data","authors":"W. Petersen, U. Callies","doi":"10.1002/1521-401X(200207)30:1<34::AID-AHEH34>3.0.CO;2-M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-401X(200207)30:1<34::AID-AHEH34>3.0.CO;2-M","url":null,"abstract":"Time series of weekly water-quality data at Schnackenburg on the Elbe River (1985-2000) were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Considering the amplitudes of composite patterns of variables is a step towards a process-oriented interpretation of water-quality data. One specific objective was to investigate the impact of improved water quality after the German reunification in 1990 on primary production and the oxygen budget. To discriminate anthropogenic signals from natural fluctuations a separation of the impact of discharge was attempted based on a linear regression approach. A dominant pattern of co-variation in the residual data could be attributed to biological activity (primary production). The most relevant variables of this 'biomode' are oxygen saturation, pH, and orthophosphate. We conclude that multivariate statistical analysis of water-quality data can help to estimate primary production when direct observations of algal concentrations are missing. In the years from 1998-2000 the trend of the 'biomode' indicates an increased load of oxygen consuming biomass caused by enhanced primary production in the middle stretches of the Elbe River which corresponds with the observation of more severe oxygen deficits in the tidal section of the river.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"27 1","pages":"34-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76733094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<278::AID-AHEH278>3.0.CO;2-#
K. Adham, S. S. Hamed, Hania M. Ibrahim, R. Saleh
Oreochromis niloticus is an endemic species in the River Nile and represents the main object of fishery in the Nile Delta Lakes of which Lake Maryut is the smallest and most polluted. Due to current pollution problems, fish production in the lake greatly declined. Besides fish biology, this study considered a wide array of water databases in selected sites along the lake. Hydrologic and biologic data were compared to that of a reference fish hatchery. Water concentrations of ammonia, manganese, nickel, cadmium, lead and mercury proved hazardous to fish, whereas chromium, copper, iron, zinc, pH, alkalinity, hardness, phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite always fell within acceptable levels. Physiologic evaluation of O. niloticus pointed out improper growth, protein inadequacy, and functional impairment in fish inhabiting polluted sites, in particular the lake main basin. These were reflected by data of specific formulae as RNA/DNA and the relative RNA content (r) in cells of the liver and gill arches as well as by the relative mobilization of serum protein fractions. It seems, however, that growth competence is additionally affected by the stress impact exerted upon fish by massive population numbers in some cramped commercial ponds. Funktionelle Beeintrachtigung des Nil-Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1757) durch verunreinigtes Wasser Oreochromis niloticus ist eine endemische Art des Nil und das Hauptobjekt der Fischerei in den Deltaseen des Nil, unter denen der Lake Mari?t der kleinste und am starksten verunreinigte ist. In Folge der Verunreinigung ist der Fischertrag stark zuruckgegangen. Die Untersuchung berucksichtigt neben der Biologie des Fisches Daten zur Wasserbeschaffenheit an ausgewahlten Stellen des Sees. Die hydrologischen und biologischen Daten werden mit denen einer Fischzuchtanlage als Referenzstandort verglichen. Wahrend die Konzentrationen von Ammonium, Mangan, Nickel, Cadmium, Blei und Quecksilber fur Fische gefahrliche Grose erreichen, liegen die Konzentrationen von Chrom, Kupfer, Eisen und Zink sowie der ubrigen Parameter (pH-Wert, Pufferungsvermogen, Harte sowie Nahrstoffe) im akzeptablen Bereich. Physiologische Bewertungen von O. niloticus zeigen ungenugendes Wachstum, Unzulanglichkeit und funktionelle Beeintrachtigung im Proteinhaushalt an den verunreinigten Untersuchungsstationen, insbesondere im Hauptbecken des Sees. Dies wird belegt sowohl durch die Daten zum RNA/DNA-Verhaltnis und dem relativen RNA-Gehalt („r“-Wert) in Zellen der Leber und Kiemenbogen als auch durch die relative Mobilisierung der Fraktionen der Serumproteine. Es hat jedoch den Anschein, dass das Wachstum zusatzlich beeinflusst wird von Stresseinflussen auf die Fische durch hohe Populationsdichten in uberbesetzten kommerziellen Teichen.
nilochromis是尼罗河的特有物种，是尼罗河三角洲湖泊的主要渔业对象，其中Maryut湖是最小和污染最严重的湖泊。由于目前的污染问题，湖中的鱼类产量大大下降。除了鱼类生物学外，本研究还考虑了沿湖选定地点的一系列广泛的水数据库。将水文和生物数据与参考鱼孵化场的数据进行了比较。水中氨、锰、镍、镉、铅、汞的浓度对鱼是有害的，而铬、铜、铁、锌、酸碱度、碱度、硬度、磷酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的浓度总是在可接受的范围内。对受污染地点，特别是湖泊主流域的尼罗鲽鱼的生理评价指出其生长不正常、蛋白质缺乏和功能障碍。这反映在特定公式的数据，如RNA/DNA和相对RNA含量(r)的肝脏和鳃弓细胞，以及相对动员的血清蛋白组分。然而，在一些狭窄的商业池塘中，大量种群数量对鱼类施加的压力影响似乎也影响了鱼类的生长能力。尼罗罗非鱼(Linnaeus, 1757年):尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus):尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus):尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus):尼罗罗非鱼这是我最喜欢的，也是我最喜欢的。In Folge der Verunreinigung ist der Fischertrag stark zuruckgegangen。《鱼类生物学》(biologe des Fisches)、《鱼类生物学》(Daten zur Wasserbeschaffenheit)和《鱼类科学》(stelen des Sees)都是如此。水文学与生物学[endnoteref: 3]。在内Konzentrationen冯铵、锰、镍、镉、布莱和Quecksilber毛皮菲舍尔gefahrliche格罗斯erreichen, liegen死Konzentrationen冯·铬的充足,艾森和辛克和der ubrigen参数(pH-Wert Pufferungsvermogen,哈特和Nahrstoffe) im akzeptablen德国。【生理学】Bewertungen von O. niloticus zeigen ungenugendes Wachstum, Unzulanglichkeit and funktionelle beintrachtigung in protehahaushalt和den verunreigten unsususstationen, inbesonere in Hauptbecken des Sees。在Zellen der Leber和Kiemenbogen的研究中，研究人员发现了相对RNA- gehalt(“r”-Wert)和相对RNA- gehalt(“r”-Wert)。他说，jedoch den Anschein, dass das Wachstum zusatzlich beinfusist, dass das Wachstum zusatzlich beinfussen auf die Fische，因为他的人口分布在uberbesetzten kommerziellen Teichen。
{"title":"Impaired Functions in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1757), from Polluted Waters","authors":"K. Adham, S. S. Hamed, Hania M. Ibrahim, R. Saleh","doi":"10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<278::AID-AHEH278>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<278::AID-AHEH278>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"Oreochromis niloticus is an endemic species in the River Nile and represents the main object of fishery in the Nile Delta Lakes of which Lake Maryut is the smallest and most polluted. Due to current pollution problems, fish production in the lake greatly declined. Besides fish biology, this study considered a wide array of water databases in selected sites along the lake. Hydrologic and biologic data were compared to that of a reference fish hatchery. Water concentrations of ammonia, manganese, nickel, cadmium, lead and mercury proved hazardous to fish, whereas chromium, copper, iron, zinc, pH, alkalinity, hardness, phosphate, nitrate, and nitrite always fell within acceptable levels. Physiologic evaluation of O. niloticus pointed out improper growth, protein inadequacy, and functional impairment in fish inhabiting polluted sites, in particular the lake main basin. These were reflected by data of specific formulae as RNA/DNA and the relative RNA content (r) in cells of the liver and gill arches as well as by the relative mobilization of serum protein fractions. It seems, however, that growth competence is additionally affected by the stress impact exerted upon fish by massive population numbers in some cramped commercial ponds. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Funktionelle Beeintrachtigung des Nil-Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1757) durch verunreinigtes Wasser \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Oreochromis niloticus ist eine endemische Art des Nil und das Hauptobjekt der Fischerei in den Deltaseen des Nil, unter denen der Lake Mari?t der kleinste und am starksten verunreinigte ist. In Folge der Verunreinigung ist der Fischertrag stark zuruckgegangen. Die Untersuchung berucksichtigt neben der Biologie des Fisches Daten zur Wasserbeschaffenheit an ausgewahlten Stellen des Sees. Die hydrologischen und biologischen Daten werden mit denen einer Fischzuchtanlage als Referenzstandort verglichen. Wahrend die Konzentrationen von Ammonium, Mangan, Nickel, Cadmium, Blei und Quecksilber fur Fische gefahrliche Grose erreichen, liegen die Konzentrationen von Chrom, Kupfer, Eisen und Zink sowie der ubrigen Parameter (pH-Wert, Pufferungsvermogen, Harte sowie Nahrstoffe) im akzeptablen Bereich. Physiologische Bewertungen von O. niloticus zeigen ungenugendes Wachstum, Unzulanglichkeit und funktionelle Beeintrachtigung im Proteinhaushalt an den verunreinigten Untersuchungsstationen, insbesondere im Hauptbecken des Sees. Dies wird belegt sowohl durch die Daten zum RNA/DNA-Verhaltnis und dem relativen RNA-Gehalt („r“-Wert) in Zellen der Leber und Kiemenbogen als auch durch die relative Mobilisierung der Fraktionen der Serumproteine. Es hat jedoch den Anschein, dass das Wachstum zusatzlich beeinflusst wird von Stresseinflussen auf die Fische durch hohe Populationsdichten in uberbesetzten kommerziellen Teichen.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"312 1","pages":"278-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75010894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<375::AID-AHEH375>3.0.CO;2-2
B. Hock
Up to now, immunoassays play a major role among immunochemical methods for water analysis. Further developments are focussed at the reduction of time required for analysis, automation, and multianalyte approaches. Important progress has been achieved in flow injection immunoanalysis, immunosensing, and array technologies. The advantages of these methodologies are mainly seen in those applications, which keep the efforts for sample preparation to a minimum. In spite of the achieved progress, especially with respect to assay sensitivities, the availability of suitable antibodies is still considered the limiting factor for the application of immunochemical methods in water analysis. The hybridoma technology has provided the basis for the production of unlimited amounts of monoclonal antibodies, i.e., homogeneous antibody preparations of unchanging quality. However, the production of new monoclonal antibodies still requires new immunisations and new animals. Only recombinant technologies offer the potential not only for inexpensive mass production, but also for the alteration of given antibody properties at the DNA level. The immune system with its possibilities for affinity maturation and diversification of antibodies is used as a model for the production of new or improved antibody properties. Antibody libraries, which represent the immune repertoire in vitro, provide the basis for the selection of suitable variants and further optimisation in subsequent diversification and selection steps. Examples are given for immunoassays with recombinant fusion proteins and Fabs for the analysis of herbizides in water.
{"title":"Fortschritte in der immunchemischen Analytik von gewässerrelevanten Schadstoffen","authors":"B. Hock","doi":"10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<375::AID-AHEH375>3.0.CO;2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<375::AID-AHEH375>3.0.CO;2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Up to now, immunoassays play a major role among immunochemical methods for water analysis. Further developments are focussed at the reduction of time required for analysis, automation, and multianalyte approaches. Important progress has been achieved in flow injection immunoanalysis, immunosensing, and array technologies. The advantages of these methodologies are mainly seen in those applications, which keep the efforts for sample preparation to a minimum. In spite of the achieved progress, especially with respect to assay sensitivities, the availability of suitable antibodies is still considered the limiting factor for the application of immunochemical methods in water analysis. The hybridoma technology has provided the basis for the production of unlimited amounts of monoclonal antibodies, i.e., homogeneous antibody preparations of unchanging quality. However, the production of new monoclonal antibodies still requires new immunisations and new animals. Only recombinant technologies offer the potential not only for inexpensive mass production, but also for the alteration of given antibody properties at the DNA level. The immune system with its possibilities for affinity maturation and diversification of antibodies is used as a model for the production of new or improved antibody properties. Antibody libraries, which represent the immune repertoire in vitro, provide the basis for the selection of suitable variants and further optimisation in subsequent diversification and selection steps. Examples are given for immunoassays with recombinant fusion proteins and Fabs for the analysis of herbizides in water.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"18 1","pages":"375-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75243174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<296::AID-AHEH296>3.0.CO;2-#
B. Helmreich, Christian Schlegl, P. Wilderer
Although lignin is known to be not readily biodegradable the concentration of dissolved lignin decreased during aerobic biological treatment of paper mill wastewater performed in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Systematic lab scale batch tests were conducted to clarify whether the observed removal of lignin was the result of biodegradation or adsorption onto the activated sludge. For the batch tests, sludge samples were taken from sequencing batch reactors operated at solid retention times (SRT) of 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 days, respectively. The amount of lignin present in the bulk liquid and in the sludge samples was quantified by an analytical procedure comprising pyrolysis, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS analysis). It was found that lignin adsorbs onto the activated sludge by up to 30%[TH]w/w. This demonstrates the sludge excellent adsorption properties. The ultimate removal of lignin is achieved by sludge wasting. The highest overall removal rate was found when sludge was used from the SBR run at SRT of 20 days.
{"title":"Fate of lignin in the process of aerobic biological treatment of paper mill wastewater","authors":"B. Helmreich, Christian Schlegl, P. Wilderer","doi":"10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<296::AID-AHEH296>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<296::AID-AHEH296>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"Although lignin is known to be not readily biodegradable the concentration of dissolved lignin decreased during aerobic biological treatment of paper mill wastewater performed in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Systematic lab scale batch tests were conducted to clarify whether the observed removal of lignin was the result of biodegradation or adsorption onto the activated sludge. For the batch tests, sludge samples were taken from sequencing batch reactors operated at solid retention times (SRT) of 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 days, respectively. The amount of lignin present in the bulk liquid and in the sludge samples was quantified by an analytical procedure comprising pyrolysis, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS analysis). It was found that lignin adsorbs onto the activated sludge by up to 30%[TH]w/w. This demonstrates the sludge excellent adsorption properties. The ultimate removal of lignin is achieved by sludge wasting. The highest overall removal rate was found when sludge was used from the SBR run at SRT of 20 days.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"2 1","pages":"296-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82405530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<391::AID-AHEH391>3.0.CO;2-A
H. Hellmann
Zu massiven, punktuell und von Menschenhand verursachten Verschmutzungen von Luft, Wasser, Boden und Sedimenten tritt die sogenannte Background- bzw. Hintergrundbelastung. Die Ermittlung der Background-Konzentration u. a. in Boden ist nach dem Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz zur Ableitung von Vorsorge-, Pruf- und Masnahmenwerten notwendig. Neben dem naturlichen geogenen (Schwermetalle) und biogenen (organische Spurenstoffe) Hintergrund muss auch die ubiquitar vorkommende, zumeist mit dem Luftstaub eingetragene Belastung berucksichtigt werden, die fallweise mit jener im Terminus zusammengefasst wird. Die Belange der Praxis, das Bedurfnis nach nutzungs- und schutzgutbezogenen Orientierungswerten fuhren zur Definition von lokalen oder regionalen Hintergrundwerten. Bei Sediment-Tiefenprofilen ist die Kopplung der Backgroundwerte an den Belastungstrend der atmospharischen Deposition zu berucksichtigen. Somit ist eine einheitliche, Kompartiment- ubergreifende Definition des Hintergrundwertes nicht zweckmasig. Die gebrauchlichen Definitionen, ihre Spezifizierung je nach Kompartiment (Luft, Sedimente, Boden) und ihr Bezug zu erforderlichen Masnahmen wurden in einer Tabelle zusammengefasst. Definitions of Background-concentrations — an Overview The heavy contamination of air, water, soil, and sediments from anthropogenic point sources occurs against the so-called background load. The determination of the background load, e.g. in soils, is needed to derive the threshold values demanded by the Federal Soil Protection Act, either as precautionary thresholds, test values, or alarm thresholds. Besides the natural geogenic background (heavy metals) and the biogenic one (organic trace substances), the ubiquitous load, usually transported by airborne dust and sometimes also included in the term background , must be taken into account.Practical requirements, such as the need for orientation values related to land uses and environmental assets to be protected, lead to the definition of local or regional background values. In the case of sediment depth profiles, the relation between background values and the contamination trend of atmospheric deposition must be considered. Consequently, a unified, inter-compartmental definition of the background values is not meaningful. The conventional definitions of “background”, their specifications for the compartments (air, sediments, soils), and their relation to actions to be taken are summarised in form of a table.
{"title":"Definition der Hintergrund- bzw. Background-Konzentration - eine Übersicht","authors":"H. Hellmann","doi":"10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<391::AID-AHEH391>3.0.CO;2-A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<391::AID-AHEH391>3.0.CO;2-A","url":null,"abstract":"Zu massiven, punktuell und von Menschenhand verursachten Verschmutzungen von Luft, Wasser, Boden und Sedimenten tritt die sogenannte Background- bzw. Hintergrundbelastung. Die Ermittlung der Background-Konzentration u. a. in Boden ist nach dem Bundes-Bodenschutzgesetz zur Ableitung von Vorsorge-, Pruf- und Masnahmenwerten notwendig. Neben dem naturlichen geogenen (Schwermetalle) und biogenen (organische Spurenstoffe) Hintergrund muss auch die ubiquitar vorkommende, zumeist mit dem Luftstaub eingetragene Belastung berucksichtigt werden, die fallweise mit jener im Terminus zusammengefasst wird. Die Belange der Praxis, das Bedurfnis nach nutzungs- und schutzgutbezogenen Orientierungswerten fuhren zur Definition von lokalen oder regionalen Hintergrundwerten. Bei Sediment-Tiefenprofilen ist die Kopplung der Backgroundwerte an den Belastungstrend der atmospharischen Deposition zu berucksichtigen. Somit ist eine einheitliche, Kompartiment- ubergreifende Definition des Hintergrundwertes nicht zweckmasig. Die gebrauchlichen Definitionen, ihre Spezifizierung je nach Kompartiment (Luft, Sedimente, Boden) und ihr Bezug zu erforderlichen Masnahmen wurden in einer Tabelle zusammengefasst. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Definitions of Background-concentrations — an Overview \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The heavy contamination of air, water, soil, and sediments from anthropogenic point sources occurs against the so-called background load. The determination of the background load, e.g. in soils, is needed to derive the threshold values demanded by the Federal Soil Protection Act, either as precautionary thresholds, test values, or alarm thresholds. Besides the natural geogenic background (heavy metals) and the biogenic one (organic trace substances), the ubiquitous load, usually transported by airborne dust and sometimes also included in the term background , must be taken into account.Practical requirements, such as the need for orientation values related to land uses and environmental assets to be protected, lead to the definition of local or regional background values. In the case of sediment depth profiles, the relation between background values and the contamination trend of atmospheric deposition must be considered. Consequently, a unified, inter-compartmental definition of the background values is not meaningful. The conventional definitions of “background”, their specifications for the compartments (air, sediments, soils), and their relation to actions to be taken are summarised in form of a table.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"391-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76428057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<363::AID-AHEH363>3.0.CO;2-E
H. Klapper, W. Geller
Underground and opencast mining generated many new lakes, some with dimensions comparable with natural glacier lakes. Research and water quality management on these lakes is multidisciplinary. A part of them is impaired by geogenic acidification with typical pH values between 2 and 3.5. Approaches are shown how to curb acidification during the mining process, the lake generation, and as a part of the water quality management by new eco-technologies using alkalinity producing microbial processes. An interesting field is the extreme acidic environment and the adaptations of organisms and functioning of the biocenosis.
{"title":"Water quality management of mining lakes: a new field of applied hydrobiology","authors":"H. Klapper, W. Geller","doi":"10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<363::AID-AHEH363>3.0.CO;2-E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:6/7<363::AID-AHEH363>3.0.CO;2-E","url":null,"abstract":"Underground and opencast mining generated many new lakes, some with dimensions comparable with natural glacier lakes. Research and water quality management on these lakes is multidisciplinary. A part of them is impaired by geogenic acidification with typical pH values between 2 and 3.5. Approaches are shown how to curb acidification during the mining process, the lake generation, and as a part of the water quality management by new eco-technologies using alkalinity producing microbial processes. An interesting field is the extreme acidic environment and the adaptations of organisms and functioning of the biocenosis.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"90 1","pages":"363-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89611346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<269::AID-AHEH269>3.0.CO;2-#
G. Preuss, U. Willme, N. Zullei-Seibert
Mit Hilfe naturnah betriebener Modellsysteme wurde das Verhalten von Bezafibrat, Carbamazepin, Clofibrinsaure, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen und Gemfibrozil wahrend der kunstlichen Grundwasseranreicherung untersucht. Hierbei wurden die Wirkstoffe mit einer Konzentration von 100 μg/L den Modellsystemen uber vier Wochen kontinuierlich zugefuhrt. Die Analytik der Arzneimittel im Zu- und Ablauf der Systeme erfolgte mittels GC-MS. Die Ergebnisse zeigten in Modell-Langsamsandfiltern eine gute Eliminierung (60 bis 80%) von Bezafibrat, Diclofenac und Ibuprofen, eine mittlere Eliminierung (40 bis 60%) von Clofibrinsaure und Gemfibrozil und eine geringe Eliminierung (20 bis 40%) von Carbamazepin. Die Adaptationszeiten bis zum Einsetzen der Eliminierungsprozesse betrugen uberwiegend 5 Tage, fur Carbamazepin 15 bis 17 Tage. In Grundwasser-Modellsystemen war unter verschiedenen Milieubedingungen eine hohe Stabilitat der Testsubstanzen mit Gesamteliminierungsraten von Null bis <20% zu beobachten. Lediglich Diclofenac konnte in aeroben Systemen mit 60 bis 80% und in anaeroben Systemen mit 40 bis 60% eliminiert werden. Mit Hilfe vergleichender DNA-Fingerprints, die mittels Denaturierender Gradienten-Gel-Elektrophorese eubakterieller 16S-rDNA-Sequenzen erstellt wurden, konnten Veranderungen der mikrobiellen Besiedlungszusammensetzung in Modell-Langsamsandfiltern aufgrund von Adaptationsprozessen dargestellt werden. Behaviour of Some Pharmaceuticals during Artificial Groundwater Recharge – Elimination and Effects on Microbiology The behaviour of bezafibrate, carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and gemfibrozil during artificial groundwater recharge was investigated with different test systems simulating field conditions. The given concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were 100 μg/L in the influent of the systems. Concentrations in the influent as well as in the effluent were measured by GC-MS. These column experiments indicated a significant elimination of bezafibrate, diclofenac, and ibuprofen (60 to 80%) during slow sand filtration. The results showed a moderate elimination of clofibric acid and gemfibrozil (40 to 60%) but a rather low elimination of carbamazepine (<40%). The adaptation times until the elimination processes started were about 5 days. Only the elimination of carbamazepine needed a lag phase up to 17 days. Additional column experiments with groundwater model systems indicated a high persistence of pharmaceuticals under aerobic and anaerobic groundwater conditions. The elimination was less than 20%. Only diclofenac was eliminated with rates between 60% and 80% in aerobic systems and between 40% and 60% in anaerobic systems. Analysis of eubacterial 16S-rDNA by PCR and DGGE demonstrated changes in the microbial community structure in slow sand filters after application of pharmaceuticals. Adaptation processes may cause these changes, e.g. the appearance or disappearance of single species. Also differences between the population
利用非人工操作系统研究了贝兹菲拉布里、碳麻列素、梭龙白垩、迪克芬、岩水痘和岩抽出来的人造含水层的行为。这被有效成分浓度和一个100μg / L的Modellsystemen uber四周不断zugefuhrt .药物分析分析均由转基因芯片进行。结果显示，在示范性沙质过滤器中，放置的沙质过滤器良好。配合时间至开启投降程序的第5天，卡马西平斯需要15至17天。在含水层模型系统中，在各种环境条件下检测到检测到综合活性率为零至20%的强稳定性。只有当Diclofenac在空中飞行系统为60到80%而在楼上的系统为40到60%。通过比较dna指纹序列，尤物16s dna序列进行了一有效比较，能够在适应过程的模式——缓慢沙粒过滤器中描述出微生物居住构成的改变。二十一世纪初，法兰西帝国及其不同的技术The给予concentrations of The制药在100μg / L influent of The .系统需要的需要这个哥伦布的实验中没有任何其他可能的失败结果是在使用温和剂的治疗方法中使用了氯胺剂和合成纤维剂(40%至60%)，但使用软纤维剂剂(<40%)。《变相时报》谢谢我的试镜只有便宜的方法解决了碳酸二氧化氢已经达到17天。它与一个假死循环系统相结合的另外一个测试。智胜!智胜!首度狄克洛芬克知道它在有氧运动系统里占了60%和80%及其在制药应用后的微型社区结构中所发生的事后分析《适配法》叫做《变换用途》所以现在大众和固体阶段的不同在慢制片的部队是否认一切的时候
{"title":"Verhalten ausgewählter Arzneimittel bei der künstlichen Grundwasseranreicherung: Eliminierung und Effekte auf die mikrobielle Besiedlung","authors":"G. Preuss, U. Willme, N. Zullei-Seibert","doi":"10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<269::AID-AHEH269>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-401X(200112)29:5<269::AID-AHEH269>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"Mit Hilfe naturnah betriebener Modellsysteme wurde das Verhalten von Bezafibrat, Carbamazepin, Clofibrinsaure, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen und Gemfibrozil wahrend der kunstlichen Grundwasseranreicherung untersucht. Hierbei wurden die Wirkstoffe mit einer Konzentration von 100 μg/L den Modellsystemen uber vier Wochen kontinuierlich zugefuhrt. Die Analytik der Arzneimittel im Zu- und Ablauf der Systeme erfolgte mittels GC-MS. Die Ergebnisse zeigten in Modell-Langsamsandfiltern eine gute Eliminierung (60 bis 80%) von Bezafibrat, Diclofenac und Ibuprofen, eine mittlere Eliminierung (40 bis 60%) von Clofibrinsaure und Gemfibrozil und eine geringe Eliminierung (20 bis 40%) von Carbamazepin. Die Adaptationszeiten bis zum Einsetzen der Eliminierungsprozesse betrugen uberwiegend 5 Tage, fur Carbamazepin 15 bis 17 Tage. In Grundwasser-Modellsystemen war unter verschiedenen Milieubedingungen eine hohe Stabilitat der Testsubstanzen mit Gesamteliminierungsraten von Null bis <20% zu beobachten. Lediglich Diclofenac konnte in aeroben Systemen mit 60 bis 80% und in anaeroben Systemen mit 40 bis 60% eliminiert werden. Mit Hilfe vergleichender DNA-Fingerprints, die mittels Denaturierender Gradienten-Gel-Elektrophorese eubakterieller 16S-rDNA-Sequenzen erstellt wurden, konnten Veranderungen der mikrobiellen Besiedlungszusammensetzung in Modell-Langsamsandfiltern aufgrund von Adaptationsprozessen dargestellt werden. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Behaviour of Some Pharmaceuticals during Artificial Groundwater Recharge – Elimination and Effects on Microbiology \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The behaviour of bezafibrate, carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and gemfibrozil during artificial groundwater recharge was investigated with different test systems simulating field conditions. The given concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were 100 μg/L in the influent of the systems. Concentrations in the influent as well as in the effluent were measured by GC-MS. These column experiments indicated a significant elimination of bezafibrate, diclofenac, and ibuprofen (60 to 80%) during slow sand filtration. The results showed a moderate elimination of clofibric acid and gemfibrozil (40 to 60%) but a rather low elimination of carbamazepine (<40%). The adaptation times until the elimination processes started were about 5 days. Only the elimination of carbamazepine needed a lag phase up to 17 days. Additional column experiments with groundwater model systems indicated a high persistence of pharmaceuticals under aerobic and anaerobic groundwater conditions. The elimination was less than 20%. Only diclofenac was eliminated with rates between 60% and 80% in aerobic systems and between 40% and 60% in anaerobic systems. Analysis of eubacterial 16S-rDNA by PCR and DGGE demonstrated changes in the microbial community structure in slow sand filters after application of pharmaceuticals. Adaptation processes may cause these changes, e.g. the appearance or disappearance of single species. Also differences between the population","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"7 1","pages":"269-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81854415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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