V. Pavlova, P. Babica, Detelina Todorova, Z. Bratanova, B. Maršálek
This paper presents the results from analyses of water samples from 15 Bulgarian reservoirs and lakes for detection of microcystins presence by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a ultraviolet (UV) and photo diode array (PDA) detector. In 3 of the studied drinking water reservoirs cyanobacterial blooms were not detected. Cyanobacterial blooms were observed in 6 of 12 investigated water bodies used for fishing and water sports. Microcystis was the dominant cyanobacterial genus. The concentration of total microcystins in the biomasses ranged from 8 to 1070 μg g -1 (d.w.). Microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR were the predominant microcystins, followed by microcystin-YR, Presence of dissolved microcystins was obtained in one water sample with concentration of total microcystins 1.64 μg L -1 . Presence of microcystin-LF and -LW or unknown peaks possessing characteristic microcystin-like UV-spectra were not detected. Those first results for occurrence of microcystins in some Bulgarian reservoirs and lakes are a contribution to the knowledge on their distribution.
{"title":"Contamination of some reservoirs and lakes in Republic of Bulgaria by microcystins","authors":"V. Pavlova, P. Babica, Detelina Todorova, Z. Bratanova, B. Maršálek","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200600641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200600641","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results from analyses of water samples from 15 Bulgarian reservoirs and lakes for detection of microcystins presence by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a ultraviolet (UV) and photo diode array (PDA) detector. In 3 of the studied drinking water reservoirs cyanobacterial blooms were not detected. Cyanobacterial blooms were observed in 6 of 12 investigated water bodies used for fishing and water sports. Microcystis was the dominant cyanobacterial genus. The concentration of total microcystins in the biomasses ranged from 8 to 1070 μg g -1 (d.w.). Microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR were the predominant microcystins, followed by microcystin-YR, Presence of dissolved microcystins was obtained in one water sample with concentration of total microcystins 1.64 μg L -1 . Presence of microcystin-LF and -LW or unknown peaks possessing characteristic microcystin-like UV-spectra were not detected. Those first results for occurrence of microcystins in some Bulgarian reservoirs and lakes are a contribution to the knowledge on their distribution.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"19 1","pages":"437-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84513625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some of the pesticides listed in the European 76/464/EC Directive and in the Directive 2000/60/ EC are very polar and require special analytical methodology with respect to their extraction from water. The extraction of the organophosphorus pesticides methamidophos, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, mevinphos and trichlorfon with lg P OW below 1 was investigated using 21 different solid-phase materials. Each material was tested on spiked natural water at 4 different pH values, adjusted prior to extraction. The following range of materials were tested: octadecyl silica, polymers, modified silica, ion exchange and carbon. Extraction of the above compounds from water is possible. A relationship between the octanol-water partition coefficient and recovery rates was obtained not only for octadecyl solid phases but also for some polymeric materials. General conclusions about the use of solid-phase materials and specific conclusions about the extraction of particular compounds were made. An optimized extraction procedure was deduced and confirmed.
{"title":"Extraction of highly polar organophosphorus pesticides from water","authors":"S. Geiß, S. Gebert","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500648","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the pesticides listed in the European 76/464/EC Directive and in the Directive 2000/60/ EC are very polar and require special analytical methodology with respect to their extraction from water. The extraction of the organophosphorus pesticides methamidophos, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, mevinphos and trichlorfon with lg P OW below 1 was investigated using 21 different solid-phase materials. Each material was tested on spiked natural water at 4 different pH values, adjusted prior to extraction. The following range of materials were tested: octadecyl silica, polymers, modified silica, ion exchange and carbon. Extraction of the above compounds from water is possible. A relationship between the octanol-water partition coefficient and recovery rates was obtained not only for octadecyl solid phases but also for some polymeric materials. General conclusions about the use of solid-phase materials and specific conclusions about the extraction of particular compounds were made. An optimized extraction procedure was deduced and confirmed.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"34 1","pages":"464-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89141879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In situ phosphatase, esterase, lipase, and β-glucuronidase activities were investigated in filamentous scum bacteria by ELF (enzyme labeled fluorescence)-technology. Microthrix parvicella exhibited significant activities for all four enzymes with lipase activity being the highest. In situ activities were considerably higher in activated sludge as compared to scum indicating M. parvicella growth to occur mainly in the sludge fraction. "Nocardioform actinomycetes" showed significant activities for phosphatase, esterase, and β-glucuronidase, lipase activity was only moderate. Activities revealed to be similar for activated sludge and scum. As population densities of enzyme-active actinomycetes were noticeably higher in scum they presumably find good growth conditions in the scum layer. Enzyme activities in Nostocoida limicola morphotypes were only low with no lipase activity being detected. Due to their phylogenetic diversity activity assignment should be combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Numerous type 0041/0675 and type 1851 filaments showed all but lipase activity. However, some of their attached bacteria revealed to be lipase-active. Only a few morphotype 0092 filaments revealed phosphatase, esterase, and β-glucuronidase activity. ELF investigations proved suitable for monitoring in situ filamentous activity. Present imponderabilities of Eikelboom morphotype phylogenetic affiliation are discussed.
{"title":"In situ enzyme activities of filamentous scum bacteria in municipal activated sludge wastewater treatment plants","authors":"M. Schade, H. Lemmer","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200600643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200600643","url":null,"abstract":"In situ phosphatase, esterase, lipase, and β-glucuronidase activities were investigated in filamentous scum bacteria by ELF (enzyme labeled fluorescence)-technology. Microthrix parvicella exhibited significant activities for all four enzymes with lipase activity being the highest. In situ activities were considerably higher in activated sludge as compared to scum indicating M. parvicella growth to occur mainly in the sludge fraction. \"Nocardioform actinomycetes\" showed significant activities for phosphatase, esterase, and β-glucuronidase, lipase activity was only moderate. Activities revealed to be similar for activated sludge and scum. As population densities of enzyme-active actinomycetes were noticeably higher in scum they presumably find good growth conditions in the scum layer. Enzyme activities in Nostocoida limicola morphotypes were only low with no lipase activity being detected. Due to their phylogenetic diversity activity assignment should be combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Numerous type 0041/0675 and type 1851 filaments showed all but lipase activity. However, some of their attached bacteria revealed to be lipase-active. Only a few morphotype 0092 filaments revealed phosphatase, esterase, and β-glucuronidase activity. ELF investigations proved suitable for monitoring in situ filamentous activity. Present imponderabilities of Eikelboom morphotype phylogenetic affiliation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"74 1","pages":"480-490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89440196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In biological wastewater treatment, bacteria tend to aggregate by forming flocs, biofilms and even granules. A large part of the floc structure in activated sludge is composed of extracellular polymers. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are mainly responsible for the structural and functional integrity of biofilms/flocs and they are considered to be important for the physico-chemical properties of activated sludge. This review considers the composition of EPS and proportion between the constituents. Moreover it includes the relationship between the EPS constituents and sludge properties such as sludge retention time, hydrophobicity and surface charge.
{"title":"The role and significance of extracellular polymers in activated sludge. Part I: Literature review","authors":"A. Raszka, Monika Chorvatova, J. Wanner","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500640","url":null,"abstract":"In biological wastewater treatment, bacteria tend to aggregate by forming flocs, biofilms and even granules. A large part of the floc structure in activated sludge is composed of extracellular polymers. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are mainly responsible for the structural and functional integrity of biofilms/flocs and they are considered to be important for the physico-chemical properties of activated sludge. This review considers the composition of EPS and proportion between the constituents. Moreover it includes the relationship between the EPS constituents and sludge properties such as sludge retention time, hydrophobicity and surface charge.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"85 1","pages":"411-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83215309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quality of the river Chienti (eastern-central Apennines, Italy) has been evaluated according to the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, taking into consideration both biotic (animal and vegetable) and chemical parameters. In studying the biotic component, two indices were used: the E.B.I, Extended Biotic Index (version adapted to the Italian rivers), based on macroinvertebrates, and the EPI-D, the Eutrophication and/or Pollution Index, based on diatoms. For both macroinvertebrates and diatoms, two samplings were conducted, one in June and the other in October 2003. Instead, according to the Italian Law 152/99 the chemical and bacteriological analyses were conducted monthly for the entire year. The results of biomonitoring and chemical-bacteriological analyses unanimously demonstrated a good ecological situation for the upper section of the Chienti, though the situation tends to worsen as the river continues its descent and undergoes increased anthropogenic pressure. Data obtained were correlated with Spearman's coefficients and principal component analysis. Both statistical calculations showed clear, direct correlation between the two biotic indices and an inverse correlation between these and the chemical and bacteriological parameters. However, a few differences of judgement that emerged among the various indices highlight the importance of using them simultaneously in order to obtain a more accurate diagnosis of the ecological status of the watercourses.
{"title":"The European Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC in the evaluation of the ecological status of watercourses. Case study: the river Chienti (central Apennines, Italy)","authors":"S. Scuri, M. Torrisi, M. Cocchioni, A. Dell'uomo","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200600646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200600646","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of the river Chienti (eastern-central Apennines, Italy) has been evaluated according to the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC, taking into consideration both biotic (animal and vegetable) and chemical parameters. In studying the biotic component, two indices were used: the E.B.I, Extended Biotic Index (version adapted to the Italian rivers), based on macroinvertebrates, and the EPI-D, the Eutrophication and/or Pollution Index, based on diatoms. For both macroinvertebrates and diatoms, two samplings were conducted, one in June and the other in October 2003. Instead, according to the Italian Law 152/99 the chemical and bacteriological analyses were conducted monthly for the entire year. The results of biomonitoring and chemical-bacteriological analyses unanimously demonstrated a good ecological situation for the upper section of the Chienti, though the situation tends to worsen as the river continues its descent and undergoes increased anthropogenic pressure. Data obtained were correlated with Spearman's coefficients and principal component analysis. Both statistical calculations showed clear, direct correlation between the two biotic indices and an inverse correlation between these and the chemical and bacteriological parameters. However, a few differences of judgement that emerged among the various indices highlight the importance of using them simultaneously in order to obtain a more accurate diagnosis of the ecological status of the watercourses.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"15 1","pages":"498-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88504930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of polyaluminum chloride sulfate (PACS) coagulants, which have different SO 2 4 /Al 3+ and OH/Al (y) mole ratio, has been successfully developed using AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O and Na 2 CO 3 as raw materials. The coagulation performance of PACS for removing natural organic matter (NOM) from surface water was evaluated, and the effect of SO 2- 4 /Al 3+ mole ratio and y value in coagulants PACS on DOC and UV 254 removal was determined. Furthermore, the influence of pH and dosage of the selected PACS with a SO 2- 4 /Al 3+ ratio of 0.0664 and a y value of 2.0, which achieved the best coagulation performance for the removal of DOC and UV 254 of all PACS coagulants, on the removal of DOC and UV 254 and residual aluminum concentration in treated water was investigated. The results were compared with the ones of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) with y value of 2.0. The experimental data show that the performance of PACS as a coagulant was highly dependent on SO 2- 4 /Al 3+ mole ratio and y value. Both for the selected PACS and for PAC, the best DOC and UV 254 removal results were obtained in the range of pH from 5.0 to 8.2 and at the coagulation dose of 5.0 mg/L as Al. Under the optimum coagulation conditions, the selected PACS gave higher DOC and UV 254 removal efficiencies, and lower residual aluminum concentrations in the treated water than PAC. The maximum removal of DOC and UV 254 for PACS was approximately 88.0% and 93.0%, respectively. At the optimum coagulant dose and pH 6.5, the concentration of residual aluminum in treated water by both selected PACS and PAC can comply with the regulated limits. The major mechanisms of NOM removal by PACS and PAC coagulation involve complexation-charge-neutralization-precipitation.
{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of polyaluminum chloride sulfate (PACS) as a coagulant to remove natural organic matter from water","authors":"B. Gao, G. Abbt-Braun, F. Frimmel","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200600645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200600645","url":null,"abstract":"A series of polyaluminum chloride sulfate (PACS) coagulants, which have different SO 2 4 /Al 3+ and OH/Al (y) mole ratio, has been successfully developed using AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O and Na 2 CO 3 as raw materials. The coagulation performance of PACS for removing natural organic matter (NOM) from surface water was evaluated, and the effect of SO 2- 4 /Al 3+ mole ratio and y value in coagulants PACS on DOC and UV 254 removal was determined. Furthermore, the influence of pH and dosage of the selected PACS with a SO 2- 4 /Al 3+ ratio of 0.0664 and a y value of 2.0, which achieved the best coagulation performance for the removal of DOC and UV 254 of all PACS coagulants, on the removal of DOC and UV 254 and residual aluminum concentration in treated water was investigated. The results were compared with the ones of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) with y value of 2.0. The experimental data show that the performance of PACS as a coagulant was highly dependent on SO 2- 4 /Al 3+ mole ratio and y value. Both for the selected PACS and for PAC, the best DOC and UV 254 removal results were obtained in the range of pH from 5.0 to 8.2 and at the coagulation dose of 5.0 mg/L as Al. Under the optimum coagulation conditions, the selected PACS gave higher DOC and UV 254 removal efficiencies, and lower residual aluminum concentrations in the treated water than PAC. The maximum removal of DOC and UV 254 for PACS was approximately 88.0% and 93.0%, respectively. At the optimum coagulant dose and pH 6.5, the concentration of residual aluminum in treated water by both selected PACS and PAC can comply with the regulated limits. The major mechanisms of NOM removal by PACS and PAC coagulation involve complexation-charge-neutralization-precipitation.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"5 1","pages":"491-497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84588609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The size ratio of adults to neonates varies greatly in cladocerans across taxa. In this study we tested the impact of this ratio (using length basis) on the selected life history parameters of nine species of freshwater cladocerans (Alona rectangula, Pleuroxus aduncus, Scapholeberis mucronata, Moina macrocopa, Moina wierzejskii, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia laevis, Diaphanosoma birgei and Daphnia pulex). Experiments were conducted on a mixed diet of Chlorella vulgaris (1.0 · 10 6 cells mL -i 1 and Scenedesmus acutus (0.5 · 10 6 cells mL -1 ) at (22 ± 1)°C. Using a cohort life table experimental design, we quantified age-specific reproductive output. Body sizes of neonates and adults as well as dry weight were determined using standard procedures. We found that the ratio of neonate to adult body length decreased with increasing body size of the adult. In terms of clutch size, however, smaller taxa produced lower numbers of offspring than larger ones. The influence of ratio neonate/adult size on average lifespan, age at first reproduction and at the maximum clutch showed U-shaped curves. In smaller taxa ( 1500 μm) the ratio between the neonate and adult body size was less than 0.4 or more than 0.6. In medium sized taxa (1000...1500 μm), the ratio of neonate to adult size was between 0.4 and 0.6. The results have been discussed in relation to the life history strategies of cladocerans.
{"title":"Ratio of neonate to adult size explains life history characteristics in cladoceran zooplankton","authors":"S. Nandini, S. S. S. Sarma","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200600642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200600642","url":null,"abstract":"The size ratio of adults to neonates varies greatly in cladocerans across taxa. In this study we tested the impact of this ratio (using length basis) on the selected life history parameters of nine species of freshwater cladocerans (Alona rectangula, Pleuroxus aduncus, Scapholeberis mucronata, Moina macrocopa, Moina wierzejskii, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia laevis, Diaphanosoma birgei and Daphnia pulex). Experiments were conducted on a mixed diet of Chlorella vulgaris (1.0 · 10 6 cells mL -i 1 and Scenedesmus acutus (0.5 · 10 6 cells mL -1 ) at (22 ± 1)°C. Using a cohort life table experimental design, we quantified age-specific reproductive output. Body sizes of neonates and adults as well as dry weight were determined using standard procedures. We found that the ratio of neonate to adult body length decreased with increasing body size of the adult. In terms of clutch size, however, smaller taxa produced lower numbers of offspring than larger ones. The influence of ratio neonate/adult size on average lifespan, age at first reproduction and at the maximum clutch showed U-shaped curves. In smaller taxa ( 1500 μm) the ratio between the neonate and adult body size was less than 0.4 or more than 0.6. In medium sized taxa (1000...1500 μm), the ratio of neonate to adult size was between 0.4 and 0.6. The results have been discussed in relation to the life history strategies of cladocerans.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"1 1","pages":"474-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91518099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanja Lager, M. Delay, V. Karius, K. Hamer, F. Frimmel, H. Schulz
Various leaching experiments applied to municipal waste incineration ash were compared in order to find the best available procedure to measure the total mass flow caused by natural leaching (source strength) of the material. The results of various batch experiments and two different laboratory column experiments run under water-saturated conditions were compared with water-unsaturated field-scale column experiments (lysimeter). The results of the batch experiments were not transferable to the column and field experiments. But, very good accordance could be observed between the breakthrough curves of the two column experiments conducted in the laboratory under water-saturated conditions and the water-unsaturated field-scale columns, with few exceptions. The results show that batch experiments are not sufficient to predict the source strength and its changes over time. Instead, column experiments are essential for a realistic risk assessment. For most inorganic parameters, a laboratory column experiment lasting less than 5 days is sufficient for a risk assessment in the foreseeable future.
{"title":"Determination and quantification of the release of inorganic contaminants from municipal waste incineration ash","authors":"Tanja Lager, M. Delay, V. Karius, K. Hamer, F. Frimmel, H. Schulz","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200500610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200500610","url":null,"abstract":"Various leaching experiments applied to municipal waste incineration ash were compared in order to find the best available procedure to measure the total mass flow caused by natural leaching (source strength) of the material. The results of various batch experiments and two different laboratory column experiments run under water-saturated conditions were compared with water-unsaturated field-scale column experiments (lysimeter). The results of the batch experiments were not transferable to the column and field experiments. But, very good accordance could be observed between the breakthrough curves of the two column experiments conducted in the laboratory under water-saturated conditions and the water-unsaturated field-scale columns, with few exceptions. The results show that batch experiments are not sufficient to predict the source strength and its changes over time. Instead, column experiments are essential for a realistic risk assessment. For most inorganic parameters, a laboratory column experiment lasting less than 5 days is sufficient for a risk assessment in the foreseeable future.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"12 1","pages":"73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80435358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological treatment of heavy metals is an effective technology for the treatment of low concentration industrial wastewater. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the zinc and cadmium removal capacities through absorption (active) and adsorption (passive) by free and alginate-immobilized cells of Scenedesmus quadricauda. Immobilized cells have high capacities for uptake of both the heavy metal tested and the kinetics under the conditions studied were relatively fast. About 90% of the biosorption (adsorption) occurred within 10 min and equilibrium was reached within 30 minutes in both free and immobilized cells. However, a different pattern was observed for absorption. Maximum absorption by immobilized cells was found to be around 6.6 mmol Zn2+ and 8.0 mmol Cd2+ per mg protein, these values being approximately 1.4 and 1.6 fold higher than those of the free cells. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) confirmed the superiority of immobilized cells for metal absorption but not for adsorption. Free cells were equally good for adsorption. The results obtained on the patterns of metal/metal interactions showed either antagonistic, or non-interaction type of behaviour for both adsorption and absorption. However, no synergistic type of behaviour was observed during treatment.
{"title":"Interactions between zinc and cadmium uptake by free and immobilized cells of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb.","authors":"M. Awasthi, L. Rai","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200400607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200400607","url":null,"abstract":"Biological treatment of heavy metals is an effective technology for the treatment of low concentration industrial wastewater. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the zinc and cadmium removal capacities through absorption (active) and adsorption (passive) by free and alginate-immobilized cells of Scenedesmus quadricauda. Immobilized cells have high capacities for uptake of both the heavy metal tested and the kinetics under the conditions studied were relatively fast. About 90% of the biosorption (adsorption) occurred within 10 min and equilibrium was reached within 30 minutes in both free and immobilized cells. However, a different pattern was observed for absorption. Maximum absorption by immobilized cells was found to be around 6.6 mmol Zn2+ and 8.0 mmol Cd2+ per mg protein, these values being approximately 1.4 and 1.6 fold higher than those of the free cells. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) confirmed the superiority of immobilized cells for metal absorption but not for adsorption. Free cells were equally good for adsorption. The results obtained on the patterns of metal/metal interactions showed either antagonistic, or non-interaction type of behaviour for both adsorption and absorption. However, no synergistic type of behaviour was observed during treatment.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"41 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90375423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pollution profiles of Nakivubo channel and wetland, and the spatial distribution of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and the corresponding ammonium-oxidation activities along Nakivubo channel and we ...
{"title":"Distribution and activity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in Nakivubo wastewater channel and wastewater treatment wetland, Uganda","authors":"J. Kyambadde, F. Kansiime, G. Dalhammar","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.200400617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.200400617","url":null,"abstract":"The pollution profiles of Nakivubo channel and wetland, and the spatial distribution of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and the corresponding ammonium-oxidation activities along Nakivubo channel and we ...","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"18 1","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83809847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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