Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2122864
L. ten Damme, Shuxuan Jing, Ashley Marie Montcalm, Maisie Jepson, M. Andersen, E. Hansen
ABSTRACT Irrigation is, on one hand, expected to increase the risk of nitrate leaching through increased rates of percolation, but, on the other hand, enhances plant nutrient uptake and growth, thereby limiting the risk of leaching. To investigate this dichotomy, we analysed the effects of irrigation at three nitrogen (N)-application rates in spring barley (Hordeum distichum L., two experiments with 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha−1) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., one experiment with 50, 150, and 250 kg N ha−1) on a coarse sandy soil in Denmark in a humid climate, which facilitates nitrate leaching. Analyses comprised grain/seed dry matter yield, N-uptake, nitrogen use efficiency (partial nitrogen budget, PNB, and partial-factor productivity, PFP) and nitrate leaching. For both crops, increasing N-application without consideration of the crops’ drought-stress responses lead to a relatively lower N-uptake in grain, lower yield, lower PNB and PFP and higher nitrate leaching, although responses were not proportionally to increasing N-application. The effect of irrigation at the lowest N-rates was limited. The non-irrigated treatments with the highest N-rates had a grain/seed yield of 3.2, 2.3 and 0.7 t ha−1 and nitrate leaching rates of 64, 72 and 127 kg N ha−1 compared to a grain/seed yield of 5.3, 5.0 and 2.6 kg N ha−1 and nitrate leaching rates of 61, 42 and 85 kg N ha−1 (for spring barley, spring barley and winter oilseed rape, respectively). These results show that synchronised management of both irrigation and N-application are essential for reducing the risk of nitrate leaching and to promote efficient crop N-uptake in periods of droughts.
一方面，灌溉预计会增加硝酸盐浸出的风险，通过增加渗透速率，但另一方面，促进植物养分吸收和生长，从而限制浸出的风险。为了研究这种两分法，我们分析了在丹麦潮湿气候下，春大麦(Hordeum distichum L.，两个试验分别施用50、100和150 kg N ha - 1)和冬季油菜(Brassica napus L.，一个试验分别施用50、150和250 kg N ha - 1)在粗糙沙质土壤上三种施氮量的灌溉效果，这有利于硝酸盐淋溶。分析包括谷物/种子干物质产量、氮吸收、氮利用效率(部分氮收支，PNB和部分因子生产力，PFP)和硝酸盐淋失。对于这两种作物，增加施氮量而不考虑作物的干旱胁迫响应，导致籽粒氮素吸收相对降低，产量降低，PNB和PFP降低，硝态氮淋失增加，尽管这些响应与增加施氮量不成比例。最低施氮量的灌溉效果有限。施氮量最高的非灌溉处理的籽粒/种子产量分别为3.2、2.3和0.7 t ha - 1，硝态氮淋出率分别为64、72和127 kg N ha - 1，而春大麦、春大麦和冬油菜的籽粒/种子产量分别为5.3、5.0和2.6 kg N ha - 1，硝态氮淋出率分别为61、42和85 kg N ha - 1。这些结果表明，灌溉和施氮的同步管理对于减少硝酸盐淋失风险和促进干旱时期作物有效吸收氮至关重要。
{"title":"Proper management of irrigation and nitrogen-application increases crop N-uptake efficiency and reduces nitrate leaching","authors":"L. ten Damme, Shuxuan Jing, Ashley Marie Montcalm, Maisie Jepson, M. Andersen, E. Hansen","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2122864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2122864","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Irrigation is, on one hand, expected to increase the risk of nitrate leaching through increased rates of percolation, but, on the other hand, enhances plant nutrient uptake and growth, thereby limiting the risk of leaching. To investigate this dichotomy, we analysed the effects of irrigation at three nitrogen (N)-application rates in spring barley (Hordeum distichum L., two experiments with 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha−1) and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., one experiment with 50, 150, and 250 kg N ha−1) on a coarse sandy soil in Denmark in a humid climate, which facilitates nitrate leaching. Analyses comprised grain/seed dry matter yield, N-uptake, nitrogen use efficiency (partial nitrogen budget, PNB, and partial-factor productivity, PFP) and nitrate leaching. For both crops, increasing N-application without consideration of the crops’ drought-stress responses lead to a relatively lower N-uptake in grain, lower yield, lower PNB and PFP and higher nitrate leaching, although responses were not proportionally to increasing N-application. The effect of irrigation at the lowest N-rates was limited. The non-irrigated treatments with the highest N-rates had a grain/seed yield of 3.2, 2.3 and 0.7 t ha−1 and nitrate leaching rates of 64, 72 and 127 kg N ha−1 compared to a grain/seed yield of 5.3, 5.0 and 2.6 kg N ha−1 and nitrate leaching rates of 61, 42 and 85 kg N ha−1 (for spring barley, spring barley and winter oilseed rape, respectively). These results show that synchronised management of both irrigation and N-application are essential for reducing the risk of nitrate leaching and to promote efficient crop N-uptake in periods of droughts.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"76 1","pages":"913 - 922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72991435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2125434
R. Semaškienė, A. Jonavičienė, K. Razbadauskienė, I. Deveikyte, Aurimas Sabeckis, S. Supronienė, L. Šarūnaitė, Z. Kadžiulienė
ABSTRACT With increasing the area of legumes one of the most possible risks for productivity limitation is diseases. The research on the response to diseases and productivity of field peas was carried out during 2018–2020. The six cultivars and breeding lines were grown at two different infection levels: at natural field infection and under disease control using seed treatment and foliar fungicides. The main disease in field peas during the research year was Ascochyta blight at different intensites depending on year, cultivar/breeding line and disease control efficacy. Dominating pathogenic fungus D. pisi on harvested grains prevailed. Pea grain yield was significantly affected by cultivar/breeding line, experiments year and growing conditions. The highest yield difference between growing conditions (natural field infection and under disease control) was recorded in 2020 when Ascochyta blight and Grey mould gave the most severe attack. This finding illustrates the importance to eliminate one of the most important limiting factors for productivity – severe diseases. Future research on the forecast system of Ascochyta blight and other field pea diseases infection risk is needed. The response of cultivar/breeding line to weather conditions was established in this research as well. Tested breeding lines showed higher drought stress tolerance compared with commercial cultivars. More focus on environment stress-resistant cultivars is needed.
{"title":"The response to crop health and productivity of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) at different growing conditions","authors":"R. Semaškienė, A. Jonavičienė, K. Razbadauskienė, I. Deveikyte, Aurimas Sabeckis, S. Supronienė, L. Šarūnaitė, Z. Kadžiulienė","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2125434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2125434","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With increasing the area of legumes one of the most possible risks for productivity limitation is diseases. The research on the response to diseases and productivity of field peas was carried out during 2018–2020. The six cultivars and breeding lines were grown at two different infection levels: at natural field infection and under disease control using seed treatment and foliar fungicides. The main disease in field peas during the research year was Ascochyta blight at different intensites depending on year, cultivar/breeding line and disease control efficacy. Dominating pathogenic fungus D. pisi on harvested grains prevailed. Pea grain yield was significantly affected by cultivar/breeding line, experiments year and growing conditions. The highest yield difference between growing conditions (natural field infection and under disease control) was recorded in 2020 when Ascochyta blight and Grey mould gave the most severe attack. This finding illustrates the importance to eliminate one of the most important limiting factors for productivity – severe diseases. Future research on the forecast system of Ascochyta blight and other field pea diseases infection risk is needed. The response of cultivar/breeding line to weather conditions was established in this research as well. Tested breeding lines showed higher drought stress tolerance compared with commercial cultivars. More focus on environment stress-resistant cultivars is needed.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"119 1","pages":"923 - 930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81540738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2117079
Siv M. Aurdal, B. Foereid, T. Sogn, T. Børresen, Trine Hvoslef-Eide, Siv Fagertun Remberg
ABSTRACT Purpose: Due to environmental concerns, there is a demand to reduce the use of peat as a growing medium for horticultural crops. Simultaneously, there is an interest to recycle organic waste materials in the form of compost. This study aimed to document effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato plants when cultivated in a sewage digestate-based compost in a subirrigation container system. Materials and methods: The compost used in this experiment consisted of 30% hygienised sewage digestate from biogas extraction and 70% garden waste. The treatments were 100% compost, a peat mix and mixtures of the two in 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 ratios. Results and conclusion: Considering the contrast in chemical and physical properties of the treatments, variations in growth, yield and quality were expected. The plants differed in leaf area and number of leaves, but there were no differences in yield or quality of the tomato fruits. It is assumed that this is in great part due to the remediating effects of subirrigation with an ideal nutrient solution, and the use of pre-established plants. Further research should focus on benefits of this cultivation system for use in sustainable horticulture in combination with recycled organic waste.
{"title":"Growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L grown in sewage-based compost in a semi-hydroponic cultivation system","authors":"Siv M. Aurdal, B. Foereid, T. Sogn, T. Børresen, Trine Hvoslef-Eide, Siv Fagertun Remberg","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2117079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2117079","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Due to environmental concerns, there is a demand to reduce the use of peat as a growing medium for horticultural crops. Simultaneously, there is an interest to recycle organic waste materials in the form of compost. This study aimed to document effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato plants when cultivated in a sewage digestate-based compost in a subirrigation container system. Materials and methods: The compost used in this experiment consisted of 30% hygienised sewage digestate from biogas extraction and 70% garden waste. The treatments were 100% compost, a peat mix and mixtures of the two in 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 ratios. Results and conclusion: Considering the contrast in chemical and physical properties of the treatments, variations in growth, yield and quality were expected. The plants differed in leaf area and number of leaves, but there were no differences in yield or quality of the tomato fruits. It is assumed that this is in great part due to the remediating effects of subirrigation with an ideal nutrient solution, and the use of pre-established plants. Further research should focus on benefits of this cultivation system for use in sustainable horticulture in combination with recycled organic waste.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"902 - 912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78267022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2121749
H. Aronsson, Sofia Nyström, Elsa Malmer, L. Kumblad, C. Winqvist
ABSTRACT In this five-month Swedish field study, we examined losses of nutrients from horse manure over time, in order to examine how regularly manure should be cleared from paddocks in order to minimise the risk of nutrient leaching. Small heaps of manure (400 g) were placed in open cylinders outdoors and samples (five replicates) were taken on 12 occasions from December 2020 to May 2021. The samples were analysed for weight, dry matter content and concentrations of total nitrogen (N), ammonium N, total phosphorus (P), water-extractable P (WEP), potassium (K) and carbon (C). There was a fast decline in P and K concentrations and a strong correlation between accumulated precipitation and losses from the manure into the soil. The mean reduction in total-P was 11 mg P kg−1 manure dry weight per mm accumulated precipitation. Manure N was retained in the manure over the five-month period. In conclusion, this study demonstrated high mobility of P and K, indicating a need for strategies for rapid removal of manure from paddocks. Daily removal of manure from paddocks used year-round would, approximately, save 1.7 kg P and 5.5 kg K per horse per year, which could be recycled to replace non-renewable mineral fertilisers.
在这项为期5个月的瑞典实地研究中，我们研究了随着时间的推移马粪中营养物质的损失，以研究如何定期从围场中清除粪便，以最大限度地减少营养物质淋失的风险。从2020年12月至2021年5月，将小堆粪便(400 g)放置在室外的开放式圆筒中，并采样(5个重复)12次。样品的重量、干物质含量、全氮(N)、铵态氮、全磷(P)、可水溶磷(WEP)、钾(K)和碳(C)的浓度分析表明，P和K的浓度下降很快，累积降水与粪便进入土壤的损失有很强的相关性。总磷的平均减少量为每mm累积降水11 mg P kg - 1肥料干重。在5个月的时间里，肥料氮被保留在肥料中。综上所述，本研究表明磷和钾具有较高的流动性，表明需要制定快速清除围场粪便的策略。每天从全年使用的围场中清除粪便，每匹马每年大约可以节省1.7公斤磷和5.5公斤钾，这些肥料可以回收利用，取代不可再生的矿物肥料。
{"title":"Losses of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen from horse manure left on the ground","authors":"H. Aronsson, Sofia Nyström, Elsa Malmer, L. Kumblad, C. Winqvist","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2121749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2121749","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this five-month Swedish field study, we examined losses of nutrients from horse manure over time, in order to examine how regularly manure should be cleared from paddocks in order to minimise the risk of nutrient leaching. Small heaps of manure (400 g) were placed in open cylinders outdoors and samples (five replicates) were taken on 12 occasions from December 2020 to May 2021. The samples were analysed for weight, dry matter content and concentrations of total nitrogen (N), ammonium N, total phosphorus (P), water-extractable P (WEP), potassium (K) and carbon (C). There was a fast decline in P and K concentrations and a strong correlation between accumulated precipitation and losses from the manure into the soil. The mean reduction in total-P was 11 mg P kg−1 manure dry weight per mm accumulated precipitation. Manure N was retained in the manure over the five-month period. In conclusion, this study demonstrated high mobility of P and K, indicating a need for strategies for rapid removal of manure from paddocks. Daily removal of manure from paddocks used year-round would, approximately, save 1.7 kg P and 5.5 kg K per horse per year, which could be recycled to replace non-renewable mineral fertilisers.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"80 4 1","pages":"893 - 901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89278575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2117080
Mudalahothe Ndwamato, M. Yvonne, Shadung Given, Tseke Pontsho
ABSTRACT The sweet potato is one of the exceptionally healthy foods that requires low inputs for production. However, in South Africa the majority of people purchase their staple food, owing to land scarcity. The woven polypropylene plastic bag (WPPB) planting technology, could be a solution for food production in limited spaces. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sweet potato cultivars on growth performance using the WPPB technology. Compared to the standard (‘Blesbok') cultivar, all the tested cultivars (‘Bosbok', ‘Bophelo', ‘Mafutha' and ‘Mvuvhelo') had higher chlorophyll content. ‘Bophelo' and ‘Mvuvhelo' obtained thickest (0.40 and 0.45 cm) stem diameters. ‘Mafutha' achieved the highest (64.30 cm) vine length and number of shoots (4.64). Noticeably, ‘Mafutha' produced the highest (4.50) number of flowers compared to the standard. ‘Bophelo' obtained the highest (122 g) dry shoot mass and ‘Bosbok' recorded the highest (11.2) number of enlarged roots (NER). Contrary to that, ‘Mafutha' had the lowest (3.4) NER. In conclusion, ‘Mafutha' performed well in terms of the above-ground plant parameters, whereas ‘Bosbok' was best with regard to the below-ground plant parameters. Therefore, planting ‘Bosbok' and ‘Mafutha’ cultivars in WPPBs achieved the best below and above growth performances, respectively.
{"title":"Effect of different types of sweet potato (Impomea batatas) cultivars on growth performance in woven polypropylene plastic bags","authors":"Mudalahothe Ndwamato, M. Yvonne, Shadung Given, Tseke Pontsho","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2117080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2117080","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The sweet potato is one of the exceptionally healthy foods that requires low inputs for production. However, in South Africa the majority of people purchase their staple food, owing to land scarcity. The woven polypropylene plastic bag (WPPB) planting technology, could be a solution for food production in limited spaces. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sweet potato cultivars on growth performance using the WPPB technology. Compared to the standard (‘Blesbok') cultivar, all the tested cultivars (‘Bosbok', ‘Bophelo', ‘Mafutha' and ‘Mvuvhelo') had higher chlorophyll content. ‘Bophelo' and ‘Mvuvhelo' obtained thickest (0.40 and 0.45 cm) stem diameters. ‘Mafutha' achieved the highest (64.30 cm) vine length and number of shoots (4.64). Noticeably, ‘Mafutha' produced the highest (4.50) number of flowers compared to the standard. ‘Bophelo' obtained the highest (122 g) dry shoot mass and ‘Bosbok' recorded the highest (11.2) number of enlarged roots (NER). Contrary to that, ‘Mafutha' had the lowest (3.4) NER. In conclusion, ‘Mafutha' performed well in terms of the above-ground plant parameters, whereas ‘Bosbok' was best with regard to the below-ground plant parameters. Therefore, planting ‘Bosbok' and ‘Mafutha’ cultivars in WPPBs achieved the best below and above growth performances, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"256 1","pages":"885 - 892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73107540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-11DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2117078
Bethlehem Nemera, M. Kebede, Muluken Enyew, T. Feyissa
ABSTRACT Ethiopia is the center of origin of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Understanding of the genetic diversity of the species is fundamental to design appropriate conservation and management strategies. The present study addressed the genetic diversity of sorghum accessions collected from major growing regions of Ethiopia. Eighty sorghum accessions representing five populations namely Amhara, Dire Dawa, Oromia, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) and Tigray were analyzed with 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was conducted to evaluate genetic variation within and among populations. The unweighted neighbour-joining-based cluster analysis, principal components of analysis (PCoA) and structure analysis were done to elucidate clustering of populations. The polymorphic information contents (PIC) ranges from 0.50 to 0.86. A high within-populations genetic diversity was confirmed with gene diversity values ranging from 0.51 to 0.77. AMOVA revealed 93.26% of the total genetic variation within populations and 6.74% among populations. Cluster analyses did not show clear grouping of accessions according to their geographical origins, confirming gene flow (Nm = 6.65) among populations. In conclusion, the SSR markers used were polymorphic and highly informative Oromia and Amhara populations displayed genetic diversity greater than mean value of 0.67 suggesting possible target populations for breeding and conservation.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Ethiopia as revealed by microsatellite markers","authors":"Bethlehem Nemera, M. Kebede, Muluken Enyew, T. Feyissa","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2117078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2117078","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ethiopia is the center of origin of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Understanding of the genetic diversity of the species is fundamental to design appropriate conservation and management strategies. The present study addressed the genetic diversity of sorghum accessions collected from major growing regions of Ethiopia. Eighty sorghum accessions representing five populations namely Amhara, Dire Dawa, Oromia, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) and Tigray were analyzed with 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was conducted to evaluate genetic variation within and among populations. The unweighted neighbour-joining-based cluster analysis, principal components of analysis (PCoA) and structure analysis were done to elucidate clustering of populations. The polymorphic information contents (PIC) ranges from 0.50 to 0.86. A high within-populations genetic diversity was confirmed with gene diversity values ranging from 0.51 to 0.77. AMOVA revealed 93.26% of the total genetic variation within populations and 6.74% among populations. Cluster analyses did not show clear grouping of accessions according to their geographical origins, confirming gene flow (Nm = 6.65) among populations. In conclusion, the SSR markers used were polymorphic and highly informative Oromia and Amhara populations displayed genetic diversity greater than mean value of 0.67 suggesting possible target populations for breeding and conservation.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"37 2","pages":"873 - 884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91456416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2111340
Lin Tang, J. Morel, M. Halling, Linda Öhlund, David Parsons
ABSTRACT Effective and practical measurement methods for assessing field inoculation experiments are needed to identify inoculants that could improve lucerne establishment. In this study, assessment potential of different existing measurement methods (plant height, Dualex 4 Scientific leaf-clip meter, GreenSeeker handheld crop sensor, drone-acquired orthomosaic calculation, yield, nutrient analysis and nodule assessment) were compared across 12 inoculation treatments applied to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) at 3 sites. F-values were used to compare the potential of different methods to separate inoculation treatments. The handheld GreenSeeker measuring normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed the greatest potential for separating inoculation treatments in fields where lucerne had not previously been cultivated, followed by visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) and green-red vegetation index (GRVI) from drone-acquired orthomosaics. These methods are non-destructive, low cost, require low labour input, fast, and do not require sample preparation, and thus are efficient measurement methods for disaggregating treatments in field inoculation experiments.
{"title":"A comparison of field assessment methods for lucerne inoculation experiments","authors":"Lin Tang, J. Morel, M. Halling, Linda Öhlund, David Parsons","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2111340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2111340","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Effective and practical measurement methods for assessing field inoculation experiments are needed to identify inoculants that could improve lucerne establishment. In this study, assessment potential of different existing measurement methods (plant height, Dualex 4 Scientific leaf-clip meter, GreenSeeker handheld crop sensor, drone-acquired orthomosaic calculation, yield, nutrient analysis and nodule assessment) were compared across 12 inoculation treatments applied to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) at 3 sites. F-values were used to compare the potential of different methods to separate inoculation treatments. The handheld GreenSeeker measuring normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed the greatest potential for separating inoculation treatments in fields where lucerne had not previously been cultivated, followed by visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) and green-red vegetation index (GRVI) from drone-acquired orthomosaics. These methods are non-destructive, low cost, require low labour input, fast, and do not require sample preparation, and thus are efficient measurement methods for disaggregating treatments in field inoculation experiments.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"860 - 872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73143277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2100819
Amine Elbouazaoui, B. Sijilmassi, Ilyass Maafa, Douira Allal, Seid Ahmed
ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp ciceris is one of the major diseases impacting chickpea productivity. Significant losses are reported by farmers due to the absence of effective wilt management options. Biological control using beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, is one of the promising alternatives and eco-friendly strategies utilised to overcome this disease. The present study investigated the biocontrol effect of 40 bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy chickpea plants collected from major chickpea growing regions in Morocco. Twelve out of 40 strains showed more than 25% in vitro inhibition of the pathogen growth. These strains, using the 16S rDNA gene sequencing, were classified into three genera, namely Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas, represented by different species. Our finding showed that the mode of antagonism was mainly due to the production of diffusible and volatile compounds as well as lytic enzymes. Moreover, a greenhouse experiment of the three selected antagonistic strains showed a significant reduction in the mean of wilt incidence in different chickpea genotypes,StrainB18 reduced the wilt incidence in the susceptible variety from 90% to 18% Consequently, our antagonistic bacterial strains could be a potential component of integrated management of Fusarium wilt, therefore, increase the yield of chickpea.
{"title":"Biocontrol activity of Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas against Fusarium wilt of chickpea in Morocco","authors":"Amine Elbouazaoui, B. Sijilmassi, Ilyass Maafa, Douira Allal, Seid Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2100819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2100819","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp ciceris is one of the major diseases impacting chickpea productivity. Significant losses are reported by farmers due to the absence of effective wilt management options. Biological control using beneficial microorganisms in agriculture, is one of the promising alternatives and eco-friendly strategies utilised to overcome this disease. The present study investigated the biocontrol effect of 40 bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy chickpea plants collected from major chickpea growing regions in Morocco. Twelve out of 40 strains showed more than 25% in vitro inhibition of the pathogen growth. These strains, using the 16S rDNA gene sequencing, were classified into three genera, namely Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas, represented by different species. Our finding showed that the mode of antagonism was mainly due to the production of diffusible and volatile compounds as well as lytic enzymes. Moreover, a greenhouse experiment of the three selected antagonistic strains showed a significant reduction in the mean of wilt incidence in different chickpea genotypes,StrainB18 reduced the wilt incidence in the susceptible variety from 90% to 18% Consequently, our antagonistic bacterial strains could be a potential component of integrated management of Fusarium wilt, therefore, increase the yield of chickpea.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"208 1","pages":"847 - 859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82725173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2097123
K. Valujeva, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, Olga Skiste, Sindija Liepa, A. Lagzdins, I. Grīnfelde
ABSTRACT Conventional soil tillage creates suitable conditions for plant growth, but it is an energy and labor-intensive technology causing ecologically unfavorable changes in the soil. In order to reduce GHG emissions from agricultural soils, reduced soil tillage and different crops have been proposed. However, the impact of individual practices on GHG emissions is affected by multiple on-site variables and is limited to different soil types and climate zones. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of two soil tillage treatments and four agricultural crops on GHG emissions from clay soil in temperate climate. During the growing seasons from 2018 to 2021, we measured soil flux of N2O, CH4 and CO2 using a Picarro G2508 on a broad multifaceted field experiment with two tillage treatments. This study shows that winter wheat with conventional tillage treatment may emit significantly lower N2O emission (8.3 g ha−1 day−1) and higher CH4 assimilation (−11.9 g ha−1 day−1) in warmer and drier growing season compared to winter wheat (26.1 g ha−1 day−1 and −3.3 CH4 g ha−1 day−1, respectively) and spring barley (11.1 g ha−1 day−1 and −2.9 g ha−1 day−1, respectively) with reduced tillage treatment in cooler and wetter growing season (p<0.05).
传统的土壤耕作为植物的生长创造了适宜的条件，但它是一种能源和劳动密集型的技术，会引起对土壤生态不利的变化。为了减少农业土壤的温室气体排放，人们提出了减少土壤耕作和不同作物的建议。然而，个体实践对温室气体排放的影响受到多个现场变量的影响，并且仅限于不同的土壤类型和气候带。因此，本研究的目的是研究两种土壤耕作方式和四种农作物对温带气候下粘土土壤温室气体排放的影响。在2018 - 2021年的生长季节，采用Picarro G2508进行了两种耕作方式的大田试验，测量了N2O、CH4和CO2的土壤通量。本研究表明，与冬小麦(26.1 g ha - 1 day - 1和- 3.3 CH4 g ha - 1 day - 1)和春大麦(11.1 g ha - 1 day - 1和- 2.9 g ha - 1 day - 1)相比，常规耕作处理冬小麦在温暖和干燥生长季节的N2O排放量(8.3 g ha - 1 day - 1)和CH4同化(- 11.9 g ha - 1 day - 1)显著降低(p<0.05)。
{"title":"Soil tillage and agricultural crops affect greenhouse gas emissions from Cambic Calcisol in a temperate climate","authors":"K. Valujeva, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, Olga Skiste, Sindija Liepa, A. Lagzdins, I. Grīnfelde","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2097123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2097123","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Conventional soil tillage creates suitable conditions for plant growth, but it is an energy and labor-intensive technology causing ecologically unfavorable changes in the soil. In order to reduce GHG emissions from agricultural soils, reduced soil tillage and different crops have been proposed. However, the impact of individual practices on GHG emissions is affected by multiple on-site variables and is limited to different soil types and climate zones. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of two soil tillage treatments and four agricultural crops on GHG emissions from clay soil in temperate climate. During the growing seasons from 2018 to 2021, we measured soil flux of N2O, CH4 and CO2 using a Picarro G2508 on a broad multifaceted field experiment with two tillage treatments. This study shows that winter wheat with conventional tillage treatment may emit significantly lower N2O emission (8.3 g ha−1 day−1) and higher CH4 assimilation (−11.9 g ha−1 day−1) in warmer and drier growing season compared to winter wheat (26.1 g ha−1 day−1 and −3.3 CH4 g ha−1 day−1, respectively) and spring barley (11.1 g ha−1 day−1 and −2.9 g ha−1 day−1, respectively) with reduced tillage treatment in cooler and wetter growing season (p<0.05).","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"835 - 846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82233470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2089223
L. T. Havstad, J. I. Øverland, T. Aamlid, T. Gunnarstorp, G. Knudsen, Jon Sæland
ABSTRACT Desiccation with diquat about one week before seed harvest has been common practise in Norwegian clover seed production. However, after withdrawal of diquat in 2020, clover seed growers no longer have desiccators available. In 2019 and 2020, six field trials in red clover and two field trials in white clover were carried out to evaluate alternative chemical products at different rates and at two different spraying dates, either early at 50% mature seed heads and / or late at 65% mature seed heads. Products included, either for one or two years, was Spotlight Plus (carfentrazonethyl), Beloukha (pelargonic acid), Glypper (glyphosate), Gozai (Pyraflufen-ethyl), Harmonix LeafActive (acetic acid), Harmonix FoliaPlus (pelargonic acid), Flurostar (fluroxypyr) and Saltex (sodium chloride) and liquid urea-based fertilizers. In addition, swathing was examined as an alternative in two red clover trials in 2020. While none of the tested chemicals were superior to diquat, the most promising alternatives were Harmonix FoliaPlus and Harmonix LeafActive in red clover or Harmonix FoliaPlus in white clover. Although usually less effective than these products, Beloukha also had an acceptable desiccation effect, especially when sprayed early and late. Swathing before harvest, using finger bar cutters, was an effective drying method under favourable weather conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of pre-harvest desiccation strategies in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) seed crops","authors":"L. T. Havstad, J. I. Øverland, T. Aamlid, T. Gunnarstorp, G. Knudsen, Jon Sæland","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2089223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2089223","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Desiccation with diquat about one week before seed harvest has been common practise in Norwegian clover seed production. However, after withdrawal of diquat in 2020, clover seed growers no longer have desiccators available. In 2019 and 2020, six field trials in red clover and two field trials in white clover were carried out to evaluate alternative chemical products at different rates and at two different spraying dates, either early at 50% mature seed heads and / or late at 65% mature seed heads. Products included, either for one or two years, was Spotlight Plus (carfentrazonethyl), Beloukha (pelargonic acid), Glypper (glyphosate), Gozai (Pyraflufen-ethyl), Harmonix LeafActive (acetic acid), Harmonix FoliaPlus (pelargonic acid), Flurostar (fluroxypyr) and Saltex (sodium chloride) and liquid urea-based fertilizers. In addition, swathing was examined as an alternative in two red clover trials in 2020. While none of the tested chemicals were superior to diquat, the most promising alternatives were Harmonix FoliaPlus and Harmonix LeafActive in red clover or Harmonix FoliaPlus in white clover. Although usually less effective than these products, Beloukha also had an acceptable desiccation effect, especially when sprayed early and late. Swathing before harvest, using finger bar cutters, was an effective drying method under favourable weather conditions.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"818 - 834"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73256130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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