Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2014552
R. Neugschwandtner, Alexander Bernhuber, Stefan Kammlander, H. Wagentristl, A. Klimek-Kopyra, J. Bernas, H. Kaul
ABSTRACT In Central European cropping systems, there is increasing interest in winter faba bean (Vicia faba L. minor), which is traditionally used as a spring crop. But limited knowledge on yield and yield formation and optimum seeding rate exist. Therefore, the purpose of this assessment was to compare soil coverage, yield and yield components of two winter faba bean varieties (Diva and Hiverna) with a spring faba bean (Alexia) with two seeding rates (SR), 25 versus 50 germinable seeds m−2 (S), in a two-year field experiment under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria. Both winter faba bean varieties produced a high grain yield with 25 S, whereas that of Alexia tended to be higher with 50 S. The grain yield of Diva and Hiverna was with 25 S and that of Diva also with 50 S higher than that of Alexia. The higher SR caused in winter faba beans a higher intraspecific competition resulting in less stems plant−1. Pod density of Alexia was higher with 50 S compared to 25 S, while grains pod−1 and thousand kernel weight of all three varieties were not affected by SR. Results show that winter faba bean can be sown in Central Europe with lower seeding rates compared to spring faba bean without suffering a grain yield loss.
{"title":"Effect of two seeding rates on yield and yield components of winter and spring faba bean","authors":"R. Neugschwandtner, Alexander Bernhuber, Stefan Kammlander, H. Wagentristl, A. Klimek-Kopyra, J. Bernas, H. Kaul","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2014552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2014552","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Central European cropping systems, there is increasing interest in winter faba bean (Vicia faba L. minor), which is traditionally used as a spring crop. But limited knowledge on yield and yield formation and optimum seeding rate exist. Therefore, the purpose of this assessment was to compare soil coverage, yield and yield components of two winter faba bean varieties (Diva and Hiverna) with a spring faba bean (Alexia) with two seeding rates (SR), 25 versus 50 germinable seeds m−2 (S), in a two-year field experiment under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria. Both winter faba bean varieties produced a high grain yield with 25 S, whereas that of Alexia tended to be higher with 50 S. The grain yield of Diva and Hiverna was with 25 S and that of Diva also with 50 S higher than that of Alexia. The higher SR caused in winter faba beans a higher intraspecific competition resulting in less stems plant−1. Pod density of Alexia was higher with 50 S compared to 25 S, while grains pod−1 and thousand kernel weight of all three varieties were not affected by SR. Results show that winter faba bean can be sown in Central Europe with lower seeding rates compared to spring faba bean without suffering a grain yield loss.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"496 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87029975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2005820
Yiran Li, Zhenyu Wang
ABSTRACT The effect of policy-oriented agricultural insurance on increasing farmers’ income has been controversial all the time. In light of this, this paper first clarifies the operation mechanism of policy-oriented agricultural insurance and its influence mechanism on farmers’ income from the theoretical level. Secondly, the fixed-effect model and panel quantile regression are used to empirically test the income effect of policy-based agricultural insurance on farmers, especially the effect on farmers of different income groups based on the panel data of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China from 2007 to 2019. The results show that although policy-oriented agricultural insurance is beneficial to the increase of farmers’ income on the whole, which has significant heterogeneity on farmers of different income groups, and its influence becomes greater with the increase of farmers’ income. In the future, China should attach importance to the design of differentiated subsidy system, adhere to demand orientation so as to be vigilant that agricultural insurance will become the inducement of widening income gap in rural areas on the basis of vigorously develop policy-based agricultural insurance in a continuous manner.
{"title":"Analysis on the effect of farmer income of policy-based agricultural insurance","authors":"Yiran Li, Zhenyu Wang","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2005820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2005820","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effect of policy-oriented agricultural insurance on increasing farmers’ income has been controversial all the time. In light of this, this paper first clarifies the operation mechanism of policy-oriented agricultural insurance and its influence mechanism on farmers’ income from the theoretical level. Secondly, the fixed-effect model and panel quantile regression are used to empirically test the income effect of policy-based agricultural insurance on farmers, especially the effect on farmers of different income groups based on the panel data of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China from 2007 to 2019. The results show that although policy-oriented agricultural insurance is beneficial to the increase of farmers’ income on the whole, which has significant heterogeneity on farmers of different income groups, and its influence becomes greater with the increase of farmers’ income. In the future, China should attach importance to the design of differentiated subsidy system, adhere to demand orientation so as to be vigilant that agricultural insurance will become the inducement of widening income gap in rural areas on the basis of vigorously develop policy-based agricultural insurance in a continuous manner.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"386 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79640888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-10DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2024874
A. Saddik, Rachid Latif, Abdelhafid El Ouardi, M. Elhoseny, A. Khelifi
ABSTRACT Precision agriculture (PA) research aims to design decision systems based on agricultural site control and management. These systems consist of observing fields and measuring metrics to optimize yields and investments while preserving resources. The corresponding applications can be found on large agricultural areas based on satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and sol robots. All these applications based on various algorithms that are complex in terms of processing time. If these algorithms are evaluated offline on work-stations or desktops, this is not the case for algorithms that need to be embedded and should operate and help make real-time decisions. We, therefore, need an advanced study using hardware-software co-design approach to design decision systems to embed different algorithms, including sensor data acquisition and processing units. In this work, we propose a review in processing information tools-based embedded systems in PA algorithms with different applications: weed detection, numerical counting, monitoring of plant indexes, and disease detection. This review has been based on more than 100 papers to extract useful information on the different techniques used and the information processing systems. The elaborated study presents the various tools, databases, and systems in order to extract the advantages and disadvantages of system and application.
{"title":"Computer development based embedded systems in precision agriculture: tools and application","authors":"A. Saddik, Rachid Latif, Abdelhafid El Ouardi, M. Elhoseny, A. Khelifi","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2024874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2024874","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Precision agriculture (PA) research aims to design decision systems based on agricultural site control and management. These systems consist of observing fields and measuring metrics to optimize yields and investments while preserving resources. The corresponding applications can be found on large agricultural areas based on satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and sol robots. All these applications based on various algorithms that are complex in terms of processing time. If these algorithms are evaluated offline on work-stations or desktops, this is not the case for algorithms that need to be embedded and should operate and help make real-time decisions. We, therefore, need an advanced study using hardware-software co-design approach to design decision systems to embed different algorithms, including sensor data acquisition and processing units. In this work, we propose a review in processing information tools-based embedded systems in PA algorithms with different applications: weed detection, numerical counting, monitoring of plant indexes, and disease detection. This review has been based on more than 100 papers to extract useful information on the different techniques used and the information processing systems. The elaborated study presents the various tools, databases, and systems in order to extract the advantages and disadvantages of system and application.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"589 - 611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81698552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-09DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2022186
Mulu Nigus, H. Shimelis, I. Mathew, Seltene Abady
ABSTRACT Ethiopia is the primary wheat producer in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) owing to the suitable agro-ecological conditions. Despite wheats economic potential for food security, the actual yield under smallholder farmers conditions is low due to various production constraints. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess the present wheat production opportunities and constraints and identify farmer-preferred traits to guide variety design with stem rust-resistance and economic traits in eastern Ethiopia. Data on production constraints and trait preferences were collected using structured questionnaires involving 144 wheat-producing farmers. Wheat rust (reported by 97.3% of respondents), small land size (90.4%) and a lack of improved varieties (75.6%) were identified as the major constraints. About 41.7% of respondents in the West-Hararghe and 27.8% in the East-Hararghe zones did not use crop protection strategies to control rusts. Substantial respondent farmers used cultural practices (18.8%), rust-resistant cultivars (13.2%) or, a combination of these (10.4%) to control rust diseases. The essential farmer preferred traits in a wheat variety were rust resistance, high yield potential and good quality grain for bread making. Therefore, there is a need to breed new varieties with high grain yield and quality and durable rust resistance for sustainable wheat production in eastern Ethiopia.
{"title":"Wheat production in the highlands of Eastern Ethiopia: opportunities, challenges and coping strategies of rust diseases","authors":"Mulu Nigus, H. Shimelis, I. Mathew, Seltene Abady","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2022186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2022186","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ethiopia is the primary wheat producer in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) owing to the suitable agro-ecological conditions. Despite wheats economic potential for food security, the actual yield under smallholder farmers conditions is low due to various production constraints. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess the present wheat production opportunities and constraints and identify farmer-preferred traits to guide variety design with stem rust-resistance and economic traits in eastern Ethiopia. Data on production constraints and trait preferences were collected using structured questionnaires involving 144 wheat-producing farmers. Wheat rust (reported by 97.3% of respondents), small land size (90.4%) and a lack of improved varieties (75.6%) were identified as the major constraints. About 41.7% of respondents in the West-Hararghe and 27.8% in the East-Hararghe zones did not use crop protection strategies to control rusts. Substantial respondent farmers used cultural practices (18.8%), rust-resistant cultivars (13.2%) or, a combination of these (10.4%) to control rust diseases. The essential farmer preferred traits in a wheat variety were rust resistance, high yield potential and good quality grain for bread making. Therefore, there is a need to breed new varieties with high grain yield and quality and durable rust resistance for sustainable wheat production in eastern Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"122 1","pages":"563 - 575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79462164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-09DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2021278
Feng Shang, Wenjie Zhu
ABSTRACT With the continuous development of society and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, leisure agricultural tourism based on agricultural production has gradually become popular, which takes agricultural landscape, agricultural experience and agricultural product shopping as content, and leisure agricultural tourist attractions have emerged. At present, some ecological agriculture projects are reconstruction or transformation projects, which are the recreational transformation of the original base for traditional agricultural projects in order to survive and seek market stimulation. However, due to the unscientific planning of the basic system, the low level of operation and management, and the lack of a scientific theoretical system for demonstration during the transformation process, the planning and transformation of the ecological agriculture project have not been promoted, and the project industry development has not been improved. Therefore, under the support of the concept of circular economy, this paper combines the Internet of Things technology to carry out the planning and analysis of ecological agricultural tourist attractions, and combines the experiments to analyse the effectiveness of this method. From the research point of view, it can be known that the ecological agricultural scenic area planning method constructed in this paper has certain effects.
{"title":"Planning of ecological agricultural tourist attractions based on the concept of circular economy","authors":"Feng Shang, Wenjie Zhu","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2021278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2021278","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the continuous development of society and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, leisure agricultural tourism based on agricultural production has gradually become popular, which takes agricultural landscape, agricultural experience and agricultural product shopping as content, and leisure agricultural tourist attractions have emerged. At present, some ecological agriculture projects are reconstruction or transformation projects, which are the recreational transformation of the original base for traditional agricultural projects in order to survive and seek market stimulation. However, due to the unscientific planning of the basic system, the low level of operation and management, and the lack of a scientific theoretical system for demonstration during the transformation process, the planning and transformation of the ecological agriculture project have not been promoted, and the project industry development has not been improved. Therefore, under the support of the concept of circular economy, this paper combines the Internet of Things technology to carry out the planning and analysis of ecological agricultural tourist attractions, and combines the experiments to analyse the effectiveness of this method. From the research point of view, it can be known that the ecological agricultural scenic area planning method constructed in this paper has certain effects.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"538 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80860720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2012249
C. Shan, C. Shu, Wei Nie, Yue Xu, Shihong Ma, Q. Hu
ABSTRACT Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. Et Zucc. (green pepper), a well-known traditional Chinese spice, recent studies found that the water extract of Z. schinifolium could significantly enhance the innate immune system, and Z. schinifolium peel polysaccharide (ZSPP) in the water extract is one of the active ingredients where antioxidant and anti-aging properties of ZSPP is yet to be determined. Caenorhabditis elegans was employed to see if ZSPP has anti-aging properties. After medication with ZSPP, the longevity, motility ability, and stress resilience of C. elegans were measured. We studied C. elegans brood growth and the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathway to learn more about the mechanism of ZSPP's anti-aging action. According to statistical analysis of the experimental results, ZSPP therapy increased the longevity of C. elegans, as well as its motility capacity and stress tolerance. ZSPP was discovered to get a protective effect on UV-irradiated C. elegans in specific and ZSPP had no influence on C. elegans reproduction. However, after ZSPP therapy, the levels of age-1 and hcf-1 mRNA were lowered. In C. elegans, ZSPP has an anti-aging impact via the insulin/IGF signaling system, but it has the potential to evolve into a multifunctional diet in the long term.
{"title":"Anti-aging effect of polysaccharides from the peel of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"C. Shan, C. Shu, Wei Nie, Yue Xu, Shihong Ma, Q. Hu","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2012249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2012249","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. Et Zucc. (green pepper), a well-known traditional Chinese spice, recent studies found that the water extract of Z. schinifolium could significantly enhance the innate immune system, and Z. schinifolium peel polysaccharide (ZSPP) in the water extract is one of the active ingredients where antioxidant and anti-aging properties of ZSPP is yet to be determined. Caenorhabditis elegans was employed to see if ZSPP has anti-aging properties. After medication with ZSPP, the longevity, motility ability, and stress resilience of C. elegans were measured. We studied C. elegans brood growth and the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathway to learn more about the mechanism of ZSPP's anti-aging action. According to statistical analysis of the experimental results, ZSPP therapy increased the longevity of C. elegans, as well as its motility capacity and stress tolerance. ZSPP was discovered to get a protective effect on UV-irradiated C. elegans in specific and ZSPP had no influence on C. elegans reproduction. However, after ZSPP therapy, the levels of age-1 and hcf-1 mRNA were lowered. In C. elegans, ZSPP has an anti-aging impact via the insulin/IGF signaling system, but it has the potential to evolve into a multifunctional diet in the long term.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"476 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75040790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2012250
Zhu Wenqiang, Wang Jingran, Wu Qi, Wang Na, Guo Jianwei, Yang Zilin, Sha Yun, Liu Lin, L. Chengyun
ABSTRACT Corn rust disease can be classified into four types: common corn rust, southern corn rust, tropical corn rust and stem corn rust. In this paper, 270 samples of corn rust gathered from Yunnan province were identified by observation of symptom and pathogen morphology, detection of specific molecular markers between Puccinia sorghi Schw and Puccinia polysora Unedrw. The results showed that 180 samples of corn rust collected form Qujing, Zhaotong, Kunming, Honghe (Mile, Kaiyuan and Jianshui) were common corn rust caused by Puccinia sorghi Schw; and 90 samples of corn rust collected form Wenshan and Honghe (Pinbian) were southern corn rust. Morphology and aspect ratio compared Puccinia sorghi Schw with Puccinia polysora Unedrw. The uredospores of Puccinia polysora Unedrw were oval and the aspect ratio of 81.6% of all uredospores from Puccinia polysora Unedrw was greater than 1.2. The uredospores of Puccinia sorghi Schw were nearly round, and their aspect ratio was 1.0-1.3. In addition, the population genetic structure of all corn rust samples was analyzed by ISSR molecular marker. Concerning Puccinia polysora Unedrw, the genetic diversity was larger in Wenshan than in Honghe. In Puccinia sorghi Schw, the population genetic diversity was larger in Zhaotong and the lowest in Kunming.
{"title":"Investigation on types of corn rust in eastern Yunnan ecology and analysis of population genetic structure of its rusts","authors":"Zhu Wenqiang, Wang Jingran, Wu Qi, Wang Na, Guo Jianwei, Yang Zilin, Sha Yun, Liu Lin, L. Chengyun","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2012250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2012250","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Corn rust disease can be classified into four types: common corn rust, southern corn rust, tropical corn rust and stem corn rust. In this paper, 270 samples of corn rust gathered from Yunnan province were identified by observation of symptom and pathogen morphology, detection of specific molecular markers between Puccinia sorghi Schw and Puccinia polysora Unedrw. The results showed that 180 samples of corn rust collected form Qujing, Zhaotong, Kunming, Honghe (Mile, Kaiyuan and Jianshui) were common corn rust caused by Puccinia sorghi Schw; and 90 samples of corn rust collected form Wenshan and Honghe (Pinbian) were southern corn rust. Morphology and aspect ratio compared Puccinia sorghi Schw with Puccinia polysora Unedrw. The uredospores of Puccinia polysora Unedrw were oval and the aspect ratio of 81.6% of all uredospores from Puccinia polysora Unedrw was greater than 1.2. The uredospores of Puccinia sorghi Schw were nearly round, and their aspect ratio was 1.0-1.3. In addition, the population genetic structure of all corn rust samples was analyzed by ISSR molecular marker. Concerning Puccinia polysora Unedrw, the genetic diversity was larger in Wenshan than in Honghe. In Puccinia sorghi Schw, the population genetic diversity was larger in Zhaotong and the lowest in Kunming.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"485 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83967177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2021279
F. Reslow, U. Carlson-Nilsson, J. Crossa, Jaime Cuevas, R. Ortiz
ABSTRACT The breeding of new cultivars is a powerful approach to increase both the quantity and quality of potato harvest per land unit. The aim of this research was to determine using multi-site testing the progress made by the genetic enhancement of potato in Sweden in the last 1.5 decades by comparing advanced breeding clones (T4 upwards) bred in Sweden (Svensk potatisförädling hereafter) versus available released cultivars in Europe and grown in its Nordic Region. The multi-site testing results show that potato breeding based in Scandinavia offers to the growers of the Nordic Region of Europe cultivars for prevailing farming environments and end-user needs rather than relying, as happens today in the market, on foreign cultivars. These cultivars bred elsewhere are not always very suitable for the challenging Nordic agroecosystems, as shown by the results of the multi-site testing herein. Such an approach on relying on foreign cultivars may be advocated for not funding potato breeding in, and for Fennoscandia by those ignoring the results shown by this research.
{"title":"Public potato breeding progress for the Nordic Region of Europe: evidence from multisite testing of selected breeding clones and available released cultivars","authors":"F. Reslow, U. Carlson-Nilsson, J. Crossa, Jaime Cuevas, R. Ortiz","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2021279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2021279","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The breeding of new cultivars is a powerful approach to increase both the quantity and quality of potato harvest per land unit. The aim of this research was to determine using multi-site testing the progress made by the genetic enhancement of potato in Sweden in the last 1.5 decades by comparing advanced breeding clones (T4 upwards) bred in Sweden (Svensk potatisförädling hereafter) versus available released cultivars in Europe and grown in its Nordic Region. The multi-site testing results show that potato breeding based in Scandinavia offers to the growers of the Nordic Region of Europe cultivars for prevailing farming environments and end-user needs rather than relying, as happens today in the market, on foreign cultivars. These cultivars bred elsewhere are not always very suitable for the challenging Nordic agroecosystems, as shown by the results of the multi-site testing herein. Such an approach on relying on foreign cultivars may be advocated for not funding potato breeding in, and for Fennoscandia by those ignoring the results shown by this research.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"553 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87951835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2005130
F. Kubiku, G. Nyamadzawo, J. Nyamangara, R. Mandumbu
ABSTRACT The application of insufficient amounts of mineral fertiliser, coupled with unreliable precipitation, has caused a drastic reduction in the yield of sorghum in the smallholder-farming areas of Zimbabwe. This calls for innovative interventions to improve production under changing climatic conditions. This study evaluated the effect of contour-based rainwater-harvesting methods and the use of cattle manure + N nutrient amendment on sorghum yield. A split-split plot experiment was conducted where rainwater-harvesting practice, sorghum variety, cattle manure + N and distance from rainwater-harvesting structure were treatment factors. The results showed that the yield of sorghum was significantly higher under the tied contour and infiltration pits than standard contour at all distances from rainwater-harvesting practices and seasons. In all seasons sorghum varieties Macia and Sc Sila showed higher yield under the tied contour and infiltration pits than standard contour. However, regardless of the distance from rainwater-harvesting practice and season the sorghum variety, Macia showed a higher grain yield than Sc Sila. At each incremental level of N application to cattle manure, Macia had a higher grain yield than Sc Sila, and no significant grain yield benefits were shown in each variety at N application to cattle manure above 50 kg N ha−1.
由于施用的矿物肥料量不足，再加上降水不可靠，导致津巴布韦小农地区高粱产量急剧下降。这就要求采取创新的干预措施，在不断变化的气候条件下提高产量。本研究评价了等高线集雨方式和牛粪+ N养分改良剂对高粱产量的影响。以集雨方式、高粱品种、牛粪+ N和距集雨结构距离为处理因素，进行了分块小区试验。结果表明:在集雨方式和季节的各个距离上，结垄和渗坑下高粱的产量均显著高于标准垄;高粱品种Macia和Sc Sila在结畦和渗坑下的产量均高于标准畦。然而，无论与雨水收集实践和季节的距离如何，Macia的粮食产量都高于Sc Sila。在每个增加的牛粪施氮水平上，马西娅的粮食产量都高于西拉，在50 kg N ha−1以上的牛粪施氮时，各品种的粮食产量都没有显著的效益。
{"title":"Effect of contour rainwater-harvesting and integrated nutrient management on sorghum grain yield in semi-arid farming environments of Zimbabwe","authors":"F. Kubiku, G. Nyamadzawo, J. Nyamangara, R. Mandumbu","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2005130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2005130","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The application of insufficient amounts of mineral fertiliser, coupled with unreliable precipitation, has caused a drastic reduction in the yield of sorghum in the smallholder-farming areas of Zimbabwe. This calls for innovative interventions to improve production under changing climatic conditions. This study evaluated the effect of contour-based rainwater-harvesting methods and the use of cattle manure + N nutrient amendment on sorghum yield. A split-split plot experiment was conducted where rainwater-harvesting practice, sorghum variety, cattle manure + N and distance from rainwater-harvesting structure were treatment factors. The results showed that the yield of sorghum was significantly higher under the tied contour and infiltration pits than standard contour at all distances from rainwater-harvesting practices and seasons. In all seasons sorghum varieties Macia and Sc Sila showed higher yield under the tied contour and infiltration pits than standard contour. However, regardless of the distance from rainwater-harvesting practice and season the sorghum variety, Macia showed a higher grain yield than Sc Sila. At each incremental level of N application to cattle manure, Macia had a higher grain yield than Sc Sila, and no significant grain yield benefits were shown in each variety at N application to cattle manure above 50 kg N ha−1.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"364 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82556748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-06DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2011394
Weitao Li, Y. Kuzyakov, Yulong Zheng, Ming Liu, Meng Wu, Yuanhua Dong, Zhongpei Li
ABSTRACT Mineral fertilisers differ in changing soil properties, and revealing how the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere respond could provide a robust assessment of fertiliser regimes. Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were sampled from five fertilisation treatments in a long-term (24 year) experiment. Enzyme activities and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) content in the rhizosphere soil were 85.8% and 51.3% higher than in the non-rhizosphere soil, respectively. Fertilisation increased enzyme activities, especially the N-cycling enzyme β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase in NP fertilised soil (1.5 and 2.5 times for rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, respectively). The PLFA composition indicated that fungi dominated in the rhizosphere fertilised with P, whereas bacteria were more common in the non-rhizosphere soil. The PLFA contents and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of P-fertilised plants were lower than those in the non-rhizosphere soil because P availability was lower in the rhizosphere. The redundancy analysis showed that the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil was different from that of the non-rhizosphere soil, mainly because there were differences in the 15:1ω6c and 16:0. Long-term (24 year) fertilisation strongly increased nutrient contents, and microbial biomass and activity in paddy soil. It is advisable to apply P fertiliser in the root zone to increase fertiliser use efficiency.
{"title":"Effect of long-term fertilisation on enzyme activities and microbial community composition in the rice rhizosphere","authors":"Weitao Li, Y. Kuzyakov, Yulong Zheng, Ming Liu, Meng Wu, Yuanhua Dong, Zhongpei Li","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2011394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2011394","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mineral fertilisers differ in changing soil properties, and revealing how the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere respond could provide a robust assessment of fertiliser regimes. Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were sampled from five fertilisation treatments in a long-term (24 year) experiment. Enzyme activities and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) content in the rhizosphere soil were 85.8% and 51.3% higher than in the non-rhizosphere soil, respectively. Fertilisation increased enzyme activities, especially the N-cycling enzyme β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase in NP fertilised soil (1.5 and 2.5 times for rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, respectively). The PLFA composition indicated that fungi dominated in the rhizosphere fertilised with P, whereas bacteria were more common in the non-rhizosphere soil. The PLFA contents and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of P-fertilised plants were lower than those in the non-rhizosphere soil because P availability was lower in the rhizosphere. The redundancy analysis showed that the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil was different from that of the non-rhizosphere soil, mainly because there were differences in the 15:1ω6c and 16:0. Long-term (24 year) fertilisation strongly increased nutrient contents, and microbial biomass and activity in paddy soil. It is advisable to apply P fertiliser in the root zone to increase fertiliser use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"342 1","pages":"454 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75942730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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