Pub Date : 2022-04-20DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2063168
F. Girma, C. Fininsa, H. Terefe, Berhanu Amsalu
ABSTRACT Common bean is an important legume consumed as a source of food and used as a cash crop worldwide. However, its production and productivity are mainly constrained by bacterial and fungal diseases. A field survey was conducted to determine the prevalence, incidence, severity and association of factors influencing common bacterial blight (CBB) and anthracnose epidemics in major bean growing areas of Ethiopia, during 2019. In three regions within six zones from 12 districts, a total of 180 common bean fields were assessed for CBB and anthracnose. The results revealed that CBB and anthracnose were 100% prevalent though CBB was more severe than anthracnose. The logistic regression model showed CBB and anthracnose components were significantly associated with biophysical factors. High CBB incidence (>70%) at Ambo, Arsi-Negele and Shashemene-zuriya and high severity (>30%) at Ambo, Boricha and Shahsemene-zuriya were strongly associated with sole cropping, July sowing, poor weeding practices, maturity stage and own saved seeds. Anthracnose incidence of >50% and severity of >30% had high probabilities of associations with zones, sole cropping, own saved seeds, variety, poor weeding practices and maturity stages. The study indicated that CBB and anthracnose are severe and 100% prevalent in Ethiopia, and efforts should be done towards the usage of clean seeds, weeding practices, following appropriate sowing dates and other appropriate agronomic practices to manage the diseases.
{"title":"Distribution of common bacterial blight and anthracnose diseases and factors influencing epidemic development in major common bean growing areas in Ethiopia","authors":"F. Girma, C. Fininsa, H. Terefe, Berhanu Amsalu","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2063168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2063168","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Common bean is an important legume consumed as a source of food and used as a cash crop worldwide. However, its production and productivity are mainly constrained by bacterial and fungal diseases. A field survey was conducted to determine the prevalence, incidence, severity and association of factors influencing common bacterial blight (CBB) and anthracnose epidemics in major bean growing areas of Ethiopia, during 2019. In three regions within six zones from 12 districts, a total of 180 common bean fields were assessed for CBB and anthracnose. The results revealed that CBB and anthracnose were 100% prevalent though CBB was more severe than anthracnose. The logistic regression model showed CBB and anthracnose components were significantly associated with biophysical factors. High CBB incidence (>70%) at Ambo, Arsi-Negele and Shashemene-zuriya and high severity (>30%) at Ambo, Boricha and Shahsemene-zuriya were strongly associated with sole cropping, July sowing, poor weeding practices, maturity stage and own saved seeds. Anthracnose incidence of >50% and severity of >30% had high probabilities of associations with zones, sole cropping, own saved seeds, variety, poor weeding practices and maturity stages. The study indicated that CBB and anthracnose are severe and 100% prevalent in Ethiopia, and efforts should be done towards the usage of clean seeds, weeding practices, following appropriate sowing dates and other appropriate agronomic practices to manage the diseases.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"685 - 699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82841843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-22DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2052177
N. Mashavakure, Bliss Gutukunhuwa, A. Mashingaidze, E. Gandiwa
ABSTRACT Earthworms are a major component of soil fauna communities with positive effects on soil chemical, biological and physical processes. A study was carried out to investigate the medium-term effects of cultural practices on earthworm communities in an agricultural field. Data were collected in the 2018/2019 cropping season from a six-year-old experiment with tillage system, fertiliser application rate and weeding intensity as the main, sub- and sub-subplots, respectively. Lumbricus (34.4%) and Diplocardia (38.3%) were the dominant genera, while endogeic earthworms (48.4%) dominated the community structure among other earthworm functional groups. Clean weeded plots under the basin planting system had higher Lumbricus abundance (quadruple), genus richness (76.4%) and Shannon diversity index (56.0%) than all other treatments. Inorganic fertiliser application in the conventional tillage system reduced Eisenia abundance and genus evenness by 100.0% and 73.3%, respectively. These results suggest that in minimum tillage systems, frequent hand weeding confers positive effects on earthworms including increased abundance. In conventional tillage systems, application of high doses of inorganic fertiliser is detrimental to earthworm communities. Further studies need to focus on identifying the most sustainable and cost-effective hand weeding frequency for enhanced earthworm diversity and increased crop productivity.
{"title":"Clean weeding showed positive effects on earthworm communities following six years of minimum tillage in a maize field in northern Zimbabwe","authors":"N. Mashavakure, Bliss Gutukunhuwa, A. Mashingaidze, E. Gandiwa","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2052177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2052177","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Earthworms are a major component of soil fauna communities with positive effects on soil chemical, biological and physical processes. A study was carried out to investigate the medium-term effects of cultural practices on earthworm communities in an agricultural field. Data were collected in the 2018/2019 cropping season from a six-year-old experiment with tillage system, fertiliser application rate and weeding intensity as the main, sub- and sub-subplots, respectively. Lumbricus (34.4%) and Diplocardia (38.3%) were the dominant genera, while endogeic earthworms (48.4%) dominated the community structure among other earthworm functional groups. Clean weeded plots under the basin planting system had higher Lumbricus abundance (quadruple), genus richness (76.4%) and Shannon diversity index (56.0%) than all other treatments. Inorganic fertiliser application in the conventional tillage system reduced Eisenia abundance and genus evenness by 100.0% and 73.3%, respectively. These results suggest that in minimum tillage systems, frequent hand weeding confers positive effects on earthworms including increased abundance. In conventional tillage systems, application of high doses of inorganic fertiliser is detrimental to earthworm communities. Further studies need to focus on identifying the most sustainable and cost-effective hand weeding frequency for enhanced earthworm diversity and increased crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"60 1","pages":"673 - 684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76896417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2047770
H. Riley, T. Henriksen, T. Torp, A. Korsaeth
ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon (SOC) was studied at 0–45 cm depth after 28 years of cropping with arable and mixed dairy rotations on a soil with an initial SOC level of 2.6% at 0–30 cm. Measurements included both carbon concentration (SOC%) and soil bulk density (BD). Gross C input was calculated from yields. Averaged over all systems, topsoil SOC% declined significantly (−0.20% at 0–15 cm, p = 0.04, −0.39% at 15–30 cm, p = 0.05), but changed little at 30–45 cm (+0.11%, p = 0.15). Declines in topsoil SOC% tended to be greater in arable systems than in mixed dairy systems. Changes in BD were negatively related to those in SOC%, emphasizing the need to measure both when assessing SOC stocks. The overall SOC mass at 0–45 cm declined significantly from 98 to 89 Mg ha−1, representing a loss of 0.3% yr−1 of the initial SOC. Variability within systems was high, but arable cropping showed tendencies of high SOC losses, whilst SOC stocks appeared to be little changed in conventional mixed dairy with 50% ley and organic mixed dairy with 75% ley. The changes were related to the level of C input. Mean C input was 22% higher in mixed dairy than in arable systems.
{"title":"Soil carbon under arable and mixed dairy cropping in a long-term trial in SE Norway","authors":"H. Riley, T. Henriksen, T. Torp, A. Korsaeth","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2047770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2047770","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil organic carbon (SOC) was studied at 0–45 cm depth after 28 years of cropping with arable and mixed dairy rotations on a soil with an initial SOC level of 2.6% at 0–30 cm. Measurements included both carbon concentration (SOC%) and soil bulk density (BD). Gross C input was calculated from yields. Averaged over all systems, topsoil SOC% declined significantly (−0.20% at 0–15 cm, p = 0.04, −0.39% at 15–30 cm, p = 0.05), but changed little at 30–45 cm (+0.11%, p = 0.15). Declines in topsoil SOC% tended to be greater in arable systems than in mixed dairy systems. Changes in BD were negatively related to those in SOC%, emphasizing the need to measure both when assessing SOC stocks. The overall SOC mass at 0–45 cm declined significantly from 98 to 89 Mg ha−1, representing a loss of 0.3% yr−1 of the initial SOC. Variability within systems was high, but arable cropping showed tendencies of high SOC losses, whilst SOC stocks appeared to be little changed in conventional mixed dairy with 50% ley and organic mixed dairy with 75% ley. The changes were related to the level of C input. Mean C input was 22% higher in mixed dairy than in arable systems.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"648 - 659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80104917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2047771
Muhammad Ahmad Yahaya, H. Shimelis, B. Nebié, Chris O. Ojiewo, G. Danso-Abbeam
ABSTRACT Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) production has considerable socio-economic values in sub-Saharan Africa for food security and to serve the increased industrial demands due to high population pressure and climate change. However, the production and productivity of the crop are yet to be expounded in Nigeria for economic gains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to present the current opportunities and constraints to sorghum production in Nigeria. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) study was conducted in three selected sorghum growing zones in northern Nigeria involving 250 farmers. Socio-economic data were collected through surveys and focus group discussions. Sorghum was cultivated mainly by males (80%) who had grade 6-12 level of education (31.3%), with the productive age of 21-45 years (75.7%) and a household family size of below five members (52.3%). Low yielding landrace varieties such as Kaura (37.4%) and Fara-fara (29.3%) were the most widely cultivated types across the study zones due to their good grain quality. The major farmers' preferred traits from a sorghum variety were high yield, drought tolerance and Striga resistance. The study recommends integrated sorghum technology development incorporating the described preferences of the farmers for sustainable production and economic gains of the crop.
{"title":"Sorghum production in Nigeria: opportunities, constraints, and recommendations","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Yahaya, H. Shimelis, B. Nebié, Chris O. Ojiewo, G. Danso-Abbeam","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2047771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2047771","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) production has considerable socio-economic values in sub-Saharan Africa for food security and to serve the increased industrial demands due to high population pressure and climate change. However, the production and productivity of the crop are yet to be expounded in Nigeria for economic gains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to present the current opportunities and constraints to sorghum production in Nigeria. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) study was conducted in three selected sorghum growing zones in northern Nigeria involving 250 farmers. Socio-economic data were collected through surveys and focus group discussions. Sorghum was cultivated mainly by males (80%) who had grade 6-12 level of education (31.3%), with the productive age of 21-45 years (75.7%) and a household family size of below five members (52.3%). Low yielding landrace varieties such as Kaura (37.4%) and Fara-fara (29.3%) were the most widely cultivated types across the study zones due to their good grain quality. The major farmers' preferred traits from a sorghum variety were high yield, drought tolerance and Striga resistance. The study recommends integrated sorghum technology development incorporating the described preferences of the farmers for sustainable production and economic gains of the crop.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"79 1","pages":"660 - 672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77521962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2012587
O. C. Collins, K. J. Duffy
ABSTRACT Maize is an essential staple food crop and is vulnerable to diseases. Maize streak disease is one of the serious illnesses that affect maize, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is endemic. We developed a stochastic epidemic model with three control measure types (mechanical, chemical and preventative) that mitigate the disease. A dynamical system analysis of the deterministic version of the model is provided. The probability of maize streak disease extinction or persistence is determined using the theory of a multi-type branching process. Using these results, the degrees to which these control measures are effective in reducing maize streak disease are considered. It is shown that chemical and mechanical control measures, preferably together, are better than preventive controls in reducing disease prevalence. However, considering the possible negative effects of a chemical control, it is shown that sufficient mechanical control combined with a small degree of each of preventative and chemical control could be the most viable strategy to limit maize streak disease.
{"title":"A stochastic epidemic model for the dynamics and control of maize streak disease","authors":"O. C. Collins, K. J. Duffy","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2012587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2012587","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Maize is an essential staple food crop and is vulnerable to diseases. Maize streak disease is one of the serious illnesses that affect maize, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is endemic. We developed a stochastic epidemic model with three control measure types (mechanical, chemical and preventative) that mitigate the disease. A dynamical system analysis of the deterministic version of the model is provided. The probability of maize streak disease extinction or persistence is determined using the theory of a multi-type branching process. Using these results, the degrees to which these control measures are effective in reducing maize streak disease are considered. It is shown that chemical and mechanical control measures, preferably together, are better than preventive controls in reducing disease prevalence. However, considering the possible negative effects of a chemical control, it is shown that sufficient mechanical control combined with a small degree of each of preventative and chemical control could be the most viable strategy to limit maize streak disease.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"635 - 647"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87800347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2042589
W. English, J. Ekelöf, F. Vancutsem, M. Leijdekkers, Gunnar Kleuker, C. Hoffmann
ABSTRACT Methodology for analysing textural properties of sugar beet roots in the laboratory has previously been established. It has been shown to be reliable and of value in exploring relationships between textural properties, damage rates, and storability of varieties. In this paper, a methodology for the assessment of textural properties in-field, prior to harvest, using an inexpensive handheld penetrometer is examined. Three sugar beet varieties were grown in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden during 2019. Textural properties were assessed in-field with the handheld penetrometer 2, 1 and 0 months prior to harvest, and with the laboratory penetrometer directly after harvest. Comparison of the results showed generally strong correlations. A power analysis suggests a difference in mean Handheld Pressure of 0.10 MPa could be found significant within a large trial with a block design. The reliability of the handheld penetrometer was further assessed in the Swedish national variety trials over three years (2019-2021). Correlation coefficients of 0.86 and 0.94 were found between mean Handheld Pressure for 2019 and 2020, and 2020 and 2021 respectively. The handheld penetrometer can be applied as an economic means of quantifying differences in textural properties of sugar beet varieties. Clear operating procedure and training must exist.
{"title":"Method for in-field texture analysis of sugar beet roots using a handheld penetrometer","authors":"W. English, J. Ekelöf, F. Vancutsem, M. Leijdekkers, Gunnar Kleuker, C. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2042589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2042589","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Methodology for analysing textural properties of sugar beet roots in the laboratory has previously been established. It has been shown to be reliable and of value in exploring relationships between textural properties, damage rates, and storability of varieties. In this paper, a methodology for the assessment of textural properties in-field, prior to harvest, using an inexpensive handheld penetrometer is examined. Three sugar beet varieties were grown in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden during 2019. Textural properties were assessed in-field with the handheld penetrometer 2, 1 and 0 months prior to harvest, and with the laboratory penetrometer directly after harvest. Comparison of the results showed generally strong correlations. A power analysis suggests a difference in mean Handheld Pressure of 0.10 MPa could be found significant within a large trial with a block design. The reliability of the handheld penetrometer was further assessed in the Swedish national variety trials over three years (2019-2021). Correlation coefficients of 0.86 and 0.94 were found between mean Handheld Pressure for 2019 and 2020, and 2020 and 2021 respectively. The handheld penetrometer can be applied as an economic means of quantifying differences in textural properties of sugar beet varieties. Clear operating procedure and training must exist.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"623 - 634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83273797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2022.2034930
Phantip Panklang, P. Thaler, A. Thoumazeau, R. Chiarawipa, S. Sdoodee, A. Brauman
ABSTRACT Natural rubber consumption has led to the expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations which affects the deforestation and ecosystem. However, no study of the long-term effect of rubber plantations on soil biodiversity has been carried out yet. This study aimed to assess the long-term impact of continuous rubber monocropping on soil biodiversity, focusing on soil macrofauna and nematode diversity. Three successive rubber rotations at young and old ages were compared with the adjacent forest in Suratthani province, Thailand. Soil biodiversity quality index was calculated from a set of indicators which were combined into a single score to present a functional assessment of the gradient of disturbance. The results showed three negative effects on soil biodiversity (i) the biodiversity quality index immediately declined after deforestation (ii) the old age rubber plantations had a lower soil biodiversity as the nematodes were a main driver of diversity in the young plantation, and (iii) similarly, for the soil chemical properties, the long-term effect of rubber chronosequence evidenced deterioration in the third rotation. Therefore, two rotations of rubber plantation (around 50 years) seemed to be the maximum length of rubber monocropping in terms of soil biodiversity recovery.
{"title":"How 75 years of rubber monocropping affects soil fauna and nematodes as the bioindicators for soil biodiversity quality index","authors":"Phantip Panklang, P. Thaler, A. Thoumazeau, R. Chiarawipa, S. Sdoodee, A. Brauman","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2022.2034930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2022.2034930","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Natural rubber consumption has led to the expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations which affects the deforestation and ecosystem. However, no study of the long-term effect of rubber plantations on soil biodiversity has been carried out yet. This study aimed to assess the long-term impact of continuous rubber monocropping on soil biodiversity, focusing on soil macrofauna and nematode diversity. Three successive rubber rotations at young and old ages were compared with the adjacent forest in Suratthani province, Thailand. Soil biodiversity quality index was calculated from a set of indicators which were combined into a single score to present a functional assessment of the gradient of disturbance. The results showed three negative effects on soil biodiversity (i) the biodiversity quality index immediately declined after deforestation (ii) the old age rubber plantations had a lower soil biodiversity as the nematodes were a main driver of diversity in the young plantation, and (iii) similarly, for the soil chemical properties, the long-term effect of rubber chronosequence evidenced deterioration in the third rotation. Therefore, two rotations of rubber plantation (around 50 years) seemed to be the maximum length of rubber monocropping in terms of soil biodiversity recovery.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"96 1","pages":"612 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80443016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1993322
Haishu Qiao, Z. Li, Xiangyu Yang
ABSTRACT This paper uses the WIOD database combined with the global value chain decomposition to measure the value added of the crop industry and other industries included in the US crop exports. Use the employment coefficient to further analyze the impact of US crop exports on the employment of its own industry and other industries and the impact of exports from other industries on employment in the crop industry. We found: (1) The value-added of the service industry included in the export of the US crop industry is higher than that of the manufacturing industry and the primary industry. (2) Among the exports of other industries, the crop industry included in the manufacturing export has the most value-added and continues to increase, while the value added of the service industry and the primary industry is low. (3) The number of employed people in the industry driven by the export of the US crop industry is increasing. Among the other industries, the service industry has the largest number of employed people driven by the export of the crop industry.
{"title":"Analysis on the sources of value added of American crop exports and employment","authors":"Haishu Qiao, Z. Li, Xiangyu Yang","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.1993322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.1993322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper uses the WIOD database combined with the global value chain decomposition to measure the value added of the crop industry and other industries included in the US crop exports. Use the employment coefficient to further analyze the impact of US crop exports on the employment of its own industry and other industries and the impact of exports from other industries on employment in the crop industry. We found: (1) The value-added of the service industry included in the export of the US crop industry is higher than that of the manufacturing industry and the primary industry. (2) Among the exports of other industries, the crop industry included in the manufacturing export has the most value-added and continues to increase, while the value added of the service industry and the primary industry is low. (3) The number of employed people in the industry driven by the export of the US crop industry is increasing. Among the other industries, the service industry has the largest number of employed people driven by the export of the crop industry.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"336 ","pages":"344 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91448300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2023624
Bicheng Zhang, Lele Niu, Tianzhong Jia, X. Yu, D. She
ABSTRACT The soil organic matter (SOM) and soil total nitrogen (STN) is a significant concern in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. This study analysed the spatial distribution of SOM and STN and determined their influencing factors to support the conservation of cultivated soil and development of sustainable agricultural strategies in the Plateau. In total, 120 soil samples were collected from the 0–20-cm soil layer in Huzhu County, Qinghai Province. Traditional statistical and geostatistical methods were used to analyse the spatial distribution of SOM and STN; a geographical detector (GeoDetector)was used to explore the factors influencing the spatial variation. The SOM and STN concentrations were 6.92–44.57 and 0.52–2.54 g/kg, respectively. The Cokriging interpolation map showed a similar spatial distribution pattern for SOM and STN concentrations, which decreased from the northeast to southwest directions in the study area. GeoDetector results revealed that the three primary factors influencing the spatial variability of SOM and STN were soil type, annual accumulated precipitation and elevation, with their explanatory power ranging between 38.4% and 59.5%. Two-factor interactions enhanced the explanatory power of the spatial variability of SOM and STN. The research results provide a reference for conservation tillage and precision agriculture.
{"title":"Spatial variability of soil organic matter and total nitrogen and the influencing factors in Huzhu County of Qinghai Province, China","authors":"Bicheng Zhang, Lele Niu, Tianzhong Jia, X. Yu, D. She","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2023624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2023624","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The soil organic matter (SOM) and soil total nitrogen (STN) is a significant concern in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. This study analysed the spatial distribution of SOM and STN and determined their influencing factors to support the conservation of cultivated soil and development of sustainable agricultural strategies in the Plateau. In total, 120 soil samples were collected from the 0–20-cm soil layer in Huzhu County, Qinghai Province. Traditional statistical and geostatistical methods were used to analyse the spatial distribution of SOM and STN; a geographical detector (GeoDetector)was used to explore the factors influencing the spatial variation. The SOM and STN concentrations were 6.92–44.57 and 0.52–2.54 g/kg, respectively. The Cokriging interpolation map showed a similar spatial distribution pattern for SOM and STN concentrations, which decreased from the northeast to southwest directions in the study area. GeoDetector results revealed that the three primary factors influencing the spatial variability of SOM and STN were soil type, annual accumulated precipitation and elevation, with their explanatory power ranging between 38.4% and 59.5%. Two-factor interactions enhanced the explanatory power of the spatial variability of SOM and STN. The research results provide a reference for conservation tillage and precision agriculture.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"193 1","pages":"576 - 588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78076484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2009552
Jiyuan Zheng, Hao-Wu Hu
ABSTRACT As a representative industry of agricultural product quality and safety, food is an important cornerstone of stable social development and international status. However, frequent food quality and safety incidents reveal the complexity and difficulty of governance. Therefore, it is urgent to treat and solve food quality and safety problems through comprehensive, multi-level and multi perspective research. Through the research on the current situation of food quality and safety in China, this paper puts forward the perspective of food quality and safety management based on the theory of industrial agglomeration, clarifies the technical route of this paper, constructs two theoretical models of enterprise and government, and expounds the internal mechanism of the model. Finally, according to the conclusion of the theoretical model, the realization path of food quality and safety management based on industrial agglomeration theory is proposed.
{"title":"Study on food quality and safety management model based on industrial agglomeration theory","authors":"Jiyuan Zheng, Hao-Wu Hu","doi":"10.1080/09064710.2021.2009552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2021.2009552","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As a representative industry of agricultural product quality and safety, food is an important cornerstone of stable social development and international status. However, frequent food quality and safety incidents reveal the complexity and difficulty of governance. Therefore, it is urgent to treat and solve food quality and safety problems through comprehensive, multi-level and multi perspective research. Through the research on the current situation of food quality and safety in China, this paper puts forward the perspective of food quality and safety management based on the theory of industrial agglomeration, clarifies the technical route of this paper, constructs two theoretical models of enterprise and government, and expounds the internal mechanism of the model. Finally, according to the conclusion of the theoretical model, the realization path of food quality and safety management based on industrial agglomeration theory is proposed.","PeriodicalId":7094,"journal":{"name":"Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"429 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89268371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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