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Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science最新文献

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Participatory evaluation of lupine genotypes on biomass and grain yield performance and nutritional value in the highland of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚高原羽扇豆基因型对生物量、粮食产量性能和营养价值的参与式评价
Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.2001042
M. Abera
ABSTRACT A study was conducted to evaluate the adaptability, yield performance and nutritional value, and to identify farmers preferred lupine genotypes. Four lupine genotypes were evaluated using participatory approach at Arbegona and Bule districts of Ethiopia on the farmer’s plots. The experimental layout followed a randomised complete block design with four replications. Farmers as well as researchers gave the first rank for accession No. 239042 and accession No. 239047 and least for Sanabor (Accession No. 144) in overall performance. Moreover, according to the results of the current study, accession No. 239004 and 239042 were the best lupine genotypes, which gave the greater grain yield, forage dry matter production and nutritive value than the other accession tested. Based on the laboratory evaluation, sweet lupine forage and seed can be used as homegrown protein source in livestock feeding. Farmers preferred all the tested lupine genotypes for their after assessing its grain yield. Even though Sanabor (Accession No. 144) was inferior in its grain yield, the farmers preferred the Sanabor mainly due to their early maturity, short growth habit, lodging tolerance, despite its high vegetative growth. Thus, the consideration of farmers’ preference for forage crops is crucial for increased adoption of improved forage crops.
摘要本研究旨在评价羽扇豆的适应性、产量性能和营养价值,并确定农民偏好的羽扇豆基因型。采用参与式方法在埃塞俄比亚的Arbegona区和blue区农民的地块上对四种羽扇豆基因型进行了评估。实验布局采用随机完全区组设计,共4个重复。农民和研究人员在综合评价中,对第239042号和第239047号的评价为第一,对第144号的评价为最低。此外,本研究结果表明,239004和239042为最佳羽扇豆基因型,籽粒产量、饲料干物质产量和营养价值均高于其他两个组合。经实验室评价,甜羽扇豆草料和种子可作为国产蛋白质源用于家畜饲养。农民在评估了羽扇豆的粮食产量后,更喜欢所有测试的羽扇豆基因型。尽管参参(登记号144)产量较低,但由于其早熟、生长习性短、耐倒伏,尽管其营养生长速度快,但农民还是选择参参。因此,考虑农民对饲料作物的偏好对于增加改良饲料作物的采用至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Forage legumes exhibit a differential potential to compete against maize and weeds and to restore soil fertility in a maize-forage legume intercrop 在玉米-饲草-豆科间作中,饲用豆科植物在与玉米和杂草竞争和恢复土壤肥力方面表现出不同的潜力
Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1998593
Marilyn Kutamahufa, Lincon Matare, G. Soropa, N. Mashavakure, E. Svotwa, A. Mashingaidze
ABSTRACT Integrating forage legumes with maize has the potential to restore soil fertility and increase grain yield among smallholder farming systems. A study was conducted over two cropping seasons to determine the effect of intercropping maize with forage legumes on soil fertility restoration, weed biomass and maize yield. Treatments involved: four cropping systems (sole maize, maize-velvet bean, maize-silverleaf, maize-cowpeas) and four fertiliser regimes (no fertiliser, 150 kg ha−1 of compound D fertiliser (7% N: 14% P2O5: 7% K2O) + 150 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate (34.5% N), 100 kg ha−1 single super phosphate (SSP, 17.5% P2O5) and 200 kg ha−1 SSP). Maize-velvet bean intercropping reduced weed biomass by 80% relative to sole maize and maize-silverleaf intercropping. Maize-cowpea and maize-velvet bean intercropping reduced maize grain yield by 25.9% and 64.7%, respectively, compared to sole maize and maize-silverleaf intercropping. In 2017/2018, maize-silverleaf intercropping increased resin-extractable P2O5 by 60.1% compared to other cropping systems while the three fertiliser treatments increased the levels of this nutrient by 41.9–100%. The results of this study show that intercropping maize with silverleaf has the potential to restore soil fertility and control weeds, without reducing maize grain yield.
在小农农业系统中,将饲用豆科作物与玉米相结合具有恢复土壤肥力和提高粮食产量的潜力。研究了玉米与饲用豆科作物间作对土壤肥力恢复、杂草生物量和玉米产量的影响。处理涉及:四种种植制度(单玉米、玉米-蚕豆、玉米-银叶、玉米-豇豆)和四种施肥方案(不施肥,150公斤公顷- 1复合D肥(7% N: 14% P2O5: 7% K2O) + 150公斤公顷- 1硝酸铵(34.5% N), 100公斤公顷- 1单一超磷肥(SSP, 17.5% P2O5)和200公斤公顷- 1 SSP)。玉米-蚕豆间作与玉米单作和玉米-银叶间作相比,减少了80%的杂草生物量。玉米-豇豆间作和玉米-蚕豆间作玉米产量比单作玉米和玉米-银叶间作分别降低25.9%和64.7%。2017/2018年,玉米-银叶间作与其他种植制度相比,树脂可提取P2O5含量增加了60.1%,而三种施肥处理使该养分含量增加了41.9-100%。本研究结果表明,银叶间作玉米在不降低玉米产量的情况下,具有恢复土壤肥力和控制杂草的潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Comparative efficacy of cucurbitacin phytonematicides and Velum on growth and fruit quality of watermelon cultivar ‘Congo’ and suppression of Meloidogyne enterolobii under field conditions 瓜素类植物素杀菌剂与Velum对‘刚果’西瓜生长和果实品质的影响及田间条件下对肠曲线虫的抑制效果比较
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1993323
K. Pofu, P. Mashela
ABSTRACT Globally, the guava root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne enterolobii) is becoming an emerging threat of note in crops with or without Mi resistance genes. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars are highly susceptible to Meloidogyne species, with all cultivars without genotypes with resistance to the genus. In contrast, nematode management options for watermelon production had since the withdrawal of fumigant nematicides been constrained. The objective of this study was to investigate the comparative efficacy of the locally-developed cucurbitacin phytonematicides and commercially available synthetic chemical nematicide Velum on growth and fruit yield and quality of watermelon cv. ‘Congo’, along with its accumulation of foliar nutrient elements and suppression of M. enterolobii population densities under field conditions. Nemarioc-AL and Nemafric-BL phytonematicides were each applied biweekly at 2% per seedling using 500 ml solution, while Velum was applied once using 500 ml solution at 0.08 ml/15 L chlorine-free water. At 90 days after the treatments, relative to untreated control, the two phytonematicides and Velum (a.i. fluopyram) significantly increased plant growth, fruit yield and quality, although with the accumulation of phosphorus in leaf tissues, with efficacies of the three products being comparable. Similarly, relative to untreated control, the three products significantly reduced nematode eggs and juveniles in roots and juveniles in soil, with efficacies that were significantly comparable. In conclusion, the benefits of phytonematicides on the productivity of watermelon cv. ‘Congo’ and suppression of population densities of M. enterolobii were comparable.
在全球范围内,番石榴根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)正在成为具有或不具有Mi抗性基因的作物中值得注意的新威胁。西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)品种对丝虫病高度敏感,所有无基因型的品种均对丝虫病有抗性。相比之下,西瓜生产的线虫管理选择自从停止使用熏蒸杀线虫剂以来一直受到限制。本研究的目的是比较国内研制的葫芦素类植物酸杀菌剂和市售的化学杀线剂Velum对西瓜生长、果实产量和品质的影响。“刚果”,以及其叶面营养元素的积累和田间条件下肠弧菌种群密度的抑制。Nemarioc-AL和nemafrica - bl杀植物剂每两周用500 ml溶液以2%的剂量施用,Velum用500 ml溶液以0.08 ml/15 L无氯水施用一次。在处理后90天,相对于未处理的对照,两种杀植物剂和Velum (a.i. fluopyram)显著提高了植物生长、果实产量和质量,尽管叶片组织中磷的积累,但三种产品的效果相当。同样,与未经处理的对照相比,这三种产品显著减少了根系中的线虫卵和线虫幼虫以及土壤中的线虫幼虫,其效果具有显著可比性。综上所述,植物酸杀菌剂对西瓜产量的影响。“刚果”和肠弧菌种群密度的抑制具有可比性。
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引用次数: 1
Development of constructed wetlands in agricultural landscapes using remote sensing techniques 利用遥感技术开发农业景观中的人工湿地
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1993993
R. N. ter Borg, J. Barron
ABSTRACT In Sweden, drainage and the construction of water infrastructure have influenced agriculture in the last few centuries both positively and negatively. Recently, a trend has set in where wetlands are constructed to retain water, retain and reduce nutrients and to enhance the biodiversity. This study aimed to use remote sensing techniques to study landscape water retention over time. In this pilot study, water retention structures in Gotland (57°28′35.0′′N18°29′ 13.9′′E) and Kalmar Län (56°39′41′′N16°21′46′′E) for 2000/2001 and 2020 were identified and analyzed using Landsat data. In this study, it was found that the number of water retention structures (>0.8 ha) increased from 44 to 101 for Gotland Län and from 44 to 127 for Kalmar Län. Most water retention structures were <4 ha and were located in mid- and downstream areas. A comparison of the remote sensed results with the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) database showed a disagreement of the spatial coordinates of the wetlands in the database with the water retention structures. This pilot study has shown that remote sensed data can be used to identify water retention structures, although higher resolution imagery would be highly advisable in these kinds of studies.
在瑞典,排水和水利基础设施的建设在过去的几个世纪里对农业产生了积极和消极的影响。最近出现了一种趋势,即建造湿地是为了保留水分,保留和减少营养物质,并增强生物多样性。本研究旨在利用遥感技术研究景观水潴留随时间的变化。在这项试点研究中,利用Landsat数据确定并分析了2000/2001年和2020年哥特兰(57°28′35.0”N18°29′13.9”E)和卡尔玛Län(56°39′41”N16°21′46”E)的保水结构。本研究发现,哥特兰岛(Län)和卡尔玛岛(Län)的保水结构(>0.8 ha)从44个增加到101个。大部分截水结构面积小于4 ha,分布在中下游地区。与瑞典气象水文研究所(SMHI)数据库的遥感结果比较发现,数据库中湿地的空间坐标与保水结构不一致。这一初步研究表明,遥感数据可用于确定水潴留结构,尽管在这类研究中,更高分辨率的图像是非常可取的。
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引用次数: 1
Forecast of agricultural water resources demand based on particle swarm algorithm 基于粒子群算法的农业水资源需求预测
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1990386
Wen-long Yi
ABSTRACT The planning and management of water resources are becoming more and more important, and the forecast of water demand as the prerequisite and foundation of the entire planning has become a very important task in agricultural development. This paper combines the particle swarm algorithm to construct the agricultural water resource demand forecasting model, analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional particle swarm algorithm, and makes appropriate improvements to the quantum particle swarm algorithm. Moreover, this paper constructs the functional structure of the agricultural water resource demand forecast model based on the forecast demand of water resources, and analyzes the application process of the particle swarm algorithm in the system of this paper. After the model is constructed, the performance of the model is verified, and the simulation test is designed to evaluate the effect of system forecast with actual data. At the same time, this paper uses the model constructed in this paper to analyze the factors affecting water resources forecast demand. From the results of the experimental analysis, it can be seen that the model constructed in this paper is more effective in the forecast of water resources demand.
水资源的规划与管理越来越重要,需水量预测作为整个规划的前提和基础,已成为农业发展中一项非常重要的任务。结合粒子群算法构建农业水资源需求预测模型,分析了传统粒子群算法的不足,并对量子粒子群算法进行了适当的改进。在此基础上构建了基于水资源需求预测的农业水资源需求预测模型的功能结构,并分析了粒子群算法在本文系统中的应用过程。模型构建完成后,对模型的性能进行验证,并设计仿真试验,用实际数据评价系统预测的效果。同时,利用本文构建的模型对水资源预测需求的影响因素进行了分析。从实验分析的结果可以看出,本文构建的模型对于水资源需求的预测更为有效。
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引用次数: 2
Research on data transmission model of agricultural wireless sensor network based on game theory 基于博弈论的农业无线传感器网络数据传输模型研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1990389
Wu Qiang
ABSTRACT In order to improve the effect of agricultural data collection and transmission, based on the technology adopted by the mainstream agricultural environmental information monitoring system on the market, this paper uses game theory to innovatively improve the algorithm mechanism of wireless sensor nodes, optimise the clustering structure and routing method of wireless sensor networks, design a remote monitoring platform for field farm information and finally build a complete agricultural information monitoring system. Moreover, taking the temperature and humidity sensor as an example, this paper improves the parameters on the basis of testing the various performance of the sensor, and develops the software of the main chip on the basis of the improved node, and completes the driver design of the sensor. In addition, this paper constructs a wireless sensor network data transmission model based on game theory, and combines simulation experiments to conduct experimental research on the system model constructed in this paper. From the test results, it can be seen that the model constructed in this paper has a better effect.
为了提高农业数据采集和传输的效果,本文在市场上主流农业环境信息监测系统采用的技术基础上,运用博弈论创新改进了无线传感器节点的算法机制,优化了无线传感器网络的聚类结构和路由方法。设计了一个田间农场信息远程监控平台,最终构建了一个完整的农业信息监控系统。并以温湿度传感器为例,在测试传感器各项性能的基础上对参数进行了改进,并在改进节点的基础上开发了主芯片的软件,完成了传感器的驱动设计。此外,本文构建了基于博弈论的无线传感器网络数据传输模型,并结合仿真实验对本文构建的系统模型进行了实验研究。从试验结果可以看出,本文所构建的模型具有较好的效果。
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引用次数: 1
Research on the impact of trade uncertainty on national grain supply and risk cost control 贸易不确定性对国家粮食供给的影响及风险成本控制研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1993321
Ya Tao
ABSTRACT In order to explore the impact of trade uncertainty on the national grain supply, based on the BP neural network algorithm, this paper combines the characteristics of grain supply and trade data to construct an intelligent analysis model. Moreover, this paper uses historical data as the basic data to study the trade uncertainty and the relevant characteristics of grain supply, and combine the actual demand to construct the structure of the BP neural network model. After constructing the model, this paper analyzes the function of the model, combines the comparative analysis method to classify the data and studies the influence mechanism of trade uncertainty on the national grain supply. In addition, this paper combines the actual data to analyze the performance of the algorithm model of this paper, and the analysis results are consistent with historical data. Finally, this paper analyzes the cost control of national grain supply based on the results of the model analysis, and proposes several countermeasures.
摘要为了探究贸易不确定性对国家粮食供应的影响,本文基于BP神经网络算法,结合粮食供应和贸易数据的特点,构建智能分析模型。此外,本文以历史数据作为基础数据,研究贸易不确定性及粮食供给的相关特征,并结合实际需求构建BP神经网络模型结构。在构建模型后,分析模型的功能,结合比较分析法对数据进行分类,研究贸易不确定性对全国粮食供给的影响机制。此外,本文结合实际数据对本文算法模型的性能进行了分析,分析结果与历史数据一致。最后,在模型分析结果的基础上,对全国粮食供给成本控制进行了分析,并提出了几点对策。
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引用次数: 1
Research on roof waterproof construction of agricultural construction engineering based on big data technology 基于大数据技术的农业建筑工程屋面防水施工研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1990387
Xing-jing Du
ABSTRACT To improve the roof waterproof construction effect of agricultural construction projects, this paper applies big data technology to construction management and construction decision-making of construction projects. Moreover, this paper improves the traditional big data technology, and from the perspective of the roof waterproof construction requirements of agricultural construction projects, this paper improves data mining to make it a core intelligent algorithm that can be used for data recognition and analysis of construction projects. In addition, this paper simulates the construction process according to the roof waterproof construction process of agricultural construction projects, builds the corresponding intelligent construction simulation model and builds the agricultural construction engineering roof waterproof construction simulation through simulation research. Finally, after obtaining the data, this paper conducts experimental research and applies the data mining system of this paper to the analysis of agricultural construction engineering. From the experimental research, it can be known that the method proposed in this paper has a certain effect.
摘要为提高农业建设项目屋顶防水施工效果,将大数据技术应用于建设项目的施工管理和施工决策。此外,本文对传统的大数据技术进行了改进,从农业建设项目屋顶防水施工要求的角度出发,对数据挖掘进行了改进,使其成为可用于建筑项目数据识别和分析的核心智能算法。此外,本文根据农业建筑工程屋顶防水施工过程进行施工过程模拟,建立相应的智能施工仿真模型,通过仿真研究构建农业建筑工程屋顶防水施工仿真。最后,在获得数据后,进行实验研究,并将本文的数据挖掘系统应用于农业建设工程分析。通过实验研究可知,本文提出的方法具有一定的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the architectural design of the agricultural sightseeing tourist area 农业观光旅游区建筑设计研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1990388
Aifeng Wang, Dong Yan, Yiming He, Sufang Liu, Xiutao Yang, Bei Wang
ABSTRACT This paper combines the intelligent computer-assisted technology to carry out the architectural design and planning of the agricultural sightseeing area, and mainly plans the electricity consumption system of the agricultural sightseeing area to ensure that the agricultural sightseeing area can provide tourists with a good sightseeing experience at night. Moreover, this paper conducts an end-point analysis of the circuit system and analyzes multiple parameters, and combines the construction power demand of agricultural tourism areas to conduct power model analysis. The computer control system integrates various factor control methods, uses advanced control technology and control strategies, and fully considers the relationship between the control variables to realise the automation, intelligence and energy-saving regulation of the greenhouse environment of the agricultural sightseeing area. Finally, this paper takes the greenhouse system as an example to analyze the architectural planning. From the research point of view, it can be known that the architectural design method of agricultural sightseeing tourism area constructed in this paper has certain effects.
本文结合智能计算机辅助技术对农业观光区进行建筑设计与规划,并对农业观光区用电系统进行了重点规划,以保证农业观光区能够为游客提供良好的夜间观光体验。并对电路系统进行终点分析和多参数分析,结合农业旅游区建设电力需求进行电力模型分析。计算机控制系统集成多种因素控制方法,采用先进的控制技术和控制策略,充分考虑控制变量之间的关系,实现农业观光区温室环境的自动化、智能化和节能调节。最后,以温室系统为例进行建筑规划分析。从研究的角度来看,可以知道本文所构建的农业观光旅游区建筑设计方法具有一定的效果。
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引用次数: 1
Environmental parameters and fertilisers as factors affecting the salicylic acid and total polyphenol contents in sport turfgrasses 环境参数和肥料对草坪草水杨酸和总多酚含量的影响
Pub Date : 2021-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2021.1990390
Barbara Zanelli, M. Ocvirk, Iztok Jože Košir, M. Vidrih, T. Bohinc, S. Trdan
ABSTRACT In 2019, we conducted a field experiment to test the effects of three different granular fertilizers on the salicylic acid and total phenolic contents in five different sport turfgrass mixtures under natural conditions. It was one of the first experiments assessing the natural resistance of sport turfgrass in Europe. In five terms, before and after fertilizers applications, we randomly collected turfgrass samples within each plot for chemical analyses. The turfgrass mixtures did not affect the average contents of salicylic acid and total polyphenols. The average contents of both compounds were influenced by the date of evaluation and fertilization scheme. The average content of salicylic acid was significantly the lowest under fertilization scheme C. The highest level of salicylic acid was detected on 18th June under scheme A and the lowest on 28th May, where the salicylic acid content ranged from 0.01 ± 0.00 mg.g−1 under scheme A to 0.017 ± 0.00 mg.g−1 under scheme B and 0.006±0.00 mg.g−1 under scheme C. The content of total polyphenols was higher under fertilization schemes B and C. We conclude that the method of fertilization exerts a certain effect on the salicylic acid and total polyphenol contents in turfgrass mixtures, which also depends on environmental factors.
2019年,我们通过田间试验,研究了自然条件下3种不同颗粒肥对5种不同运动草坪混合料水杨酸和总酚含量的影响。这是欧洲首批评估运动草坪天然抗性的实验之一。在施用化肥之前和之后的五个阶段,我们随机收集每个地块内的草坪草样本进行化学分析。混合草坪草对水杨酸和总多酚的平均含量没有影响。两种化合物的平均含量受评价日期和施肥方案的影响。水杨酸的平均含量显著低于施肥方案c,最高水平在6月18日,最低水平在5月28日,水杨酸含量为0.01±0.00 mg。方案A下g−1至0.017±0.00 mg。方案B下g−1和0.006±0.00 mg。结果表明,施肥方式对草坪草混合料中水杨酸和总多酚含量有一定影响,且影响程度与环境因素有关。
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引用次数: 1
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Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science
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