Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetite/silver nanoparticles (M/Ag NPs) were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . In case of M/Ag NPs, MNPs (core) were separately coated by silver metal (shell) in presence of glucose as a reducing agent. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The superparamagnetic natures of the nanoparticles were confirmed by the absence of the hysteresis loop. Coverage with silver produced a core-shell heterostructure which weakens magnetization of MNPs, inducing an inert character to the final nanostructure. The surface conjugation of MNPs with silver metal has been employed in or-der to improve the compatibility of magnetite nanoparticles to overcome their limitations in practical applications.
{"title":"Comparative Study between Magnetite Nanoparticles and Magnetite/Silver as a Core/Shell Nanostructure","authors":"N. Abdo","doi":"10.4236/anp.2021.104008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/anp.2021.104008","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetite/silver nanoparticles (M/Ag NPs) were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . In case of M/Ag NPs, MNPs (core) were separately coated by silver metal (shell) in presence of glucose as a reducing agent. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The superparamagnetic natures of the nanoparticles were confirmed by the absence of the hysteresis loop. Coverage with silver produced a core-shell heterostructure which weakens magnetization of MNPs, inducing an inert character to the final nanostructure. The surface conjugation of MNPs with silver metal has been employed in or-der to improve the compatibility of magnetite nanoparticles to overcome their limitations in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70339249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing interest in functionalized nanoparticles and their implementation in oilfield applications (e.g., drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery (EOR)) facilitate the ongoing efforts to improve their chemical functionalization performance in stabilization of water based or hydrocarbon based nanofluids. Cyclic azasilanes (CAS), substituted 1-aza-2-silacyclopentanes, possess a strained 5-member ring structure. Adjacent Si and N atoms in the ring provide opportunity for highly efficient covalent surface functionalization of hydroxylated nanoparticles through a catalyst-free and byproduct-free click reaction. In this work, hydroxylated silica, alumina, diamond, and carbon coated iron core-shell nanoparticles have been studied for monolayer CAS functionalization. Two cyclic azasilanes with different R groups at N atom, such as methyl (CAS-1) and aminoethyl (CAS-2), have been utilized to functionalize nanoparticles. All reactions were found to readily proceed under mild conditions (room temperature, ambient pressure) during 1 - 2 hours of sonication. CAS functionalized adducts of hydroxylated nanoparticles have been isolated and their microstructure, composition, solubility and thermal stability have been characterized. As a result, it has been demonstrated, for the first time, that covalent surface modification with cyclic azasilanes can be extended beyond the previously known porous silicon structures to hydroxylated silica, alumina and carbon nanoparticles. The developed methodology was also shown to provide access to the nanoparticles with the hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface functional groups needed to enable oilfield applications (e.g., EOR, tracers, drilling fluids) that require stable water based or hydrocarbon based colloidal systems.
{"title":"Click Reaction Functionalization of Hydroxylated Nanoparticles by Cyclic Azasilanes for Colloidal Stability in Oilfield Applications","authors":"Radhika Suresh, S. Murugesan, V. Khabashesku","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2021.101003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2021.101003","url":null,"abstract":"The growing interest in functionalized nanoparticles and their implementation in oilfield applications (e.g., drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery (EOR)) facilitate the ongoing efforts to improve their chemical functionalization performance in stabilization of water based or hydrocarbon based nanofluids. Cyclic azasilanes (CAS), substituted 1-aza-2-silacyclopentanes, possess a strained 5-member ring structure. Adjacent Si and N atoms in the ring provide opportunity for highly efficient covalent surface functionalization of hydroxylated nanoparticles through a catalyst-free and byproduct-free click reaction. In this work, hydroxylated silica, alumina, diamond, and carbon coated iron core-shell nanoparticles have been studied for monolayer CAS functionalization. Two cyclic azasilanes with different R groups at N atom, such as methyl (CAS-1) and aminoethyl (CAS-2), have been utilized to functionalize nanoparticles. All reactions were found to readily proceed under mild conditions (room temperature, ambient pressure) during 1 - 2 hours of sonication. CAS functionalized adducts of hydroxylated nanoparticles have been isolated and their microstructure, composition, solubility and thermal stability have been characterized. As a result, it has been demonstrated, for the first time, that covalent surface modification with cyclic azasilanes can be extended beyond the previously known porous silicon structures to hydroxylated silica, alumina and carbon nanoparticles. The developed methodology was also shown to provide access to the nanoparticles with the hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface functional groups needed to enable oilfield applications (e.g., EOR, tracers, drilling fluids) that require stable water based or hydrocarbon based colloidal systems.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"36-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70338679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sourav Kumar Das, B. Ahmed, Rony Mia, A. Bakar, Injamam Ul Huq, D. Xie
Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) requires a process of grinding, mixing and compounding natural fibers from cellulosic waste streams into a polymer matrix that creates a high-strength fiber composite. In this situation, the specified waste or base raw materials used are the waste thermoplastics and different types of cellulosic waste including rice husk and saw dust. FRC is a high-performance fiber composite achieved and made possible through a proprietary molecular re-engineering process by interlinking cellulosic fiber molecules with resins in the FRC material matrix, resulting in a product of exceptional structural properties. In this feat of molecular re-engineering, selected physical and structural properties of wood are effectively cloned and obtained in the FRC component, in addition to other essential qualities in order to produce superior performance properties to conventional wood. The dynamic characteristics of composite structures are largely extracted from the reinforcing of fibres. The fiber, held in place by the matrix resin, contributes to tensile strength in a composite, enhancing the performance properties in the final part, such as strength and rigidity, while minimizing weight. The advantages of composite materials always beat down their disadvantages. In this analysis, we tried to find out FRC advance manufacturing, recycling technology and future perspective for mankind and next generation development. This research will bring a new horizon for future science with FRC technology and every aspect of modern science which will bring a stable dimensional stability by recycling process with minimizing waste for environment and next generation science.
{"title":"Crystallinity of FRCM/GPM with High PB through Microbial Growth","authors":"Sourav Kumar Das, B. Ahmed, Rony Mia, A. Bakar, Injamam Ul Huq, D. Xie","doi":"10.4236/anp.2020.94006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/anp.2020.94006","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) requires a process of grinding, mixing and compounding natural fibers from cellulosic waste streams into a polymer matrix that creates a high-strength fiber composite. In this situation, the specified waste or base raw materials used are the waste thermoplastics and different types of cellulosic waste including rice husk and saw dust. FRC is a high-performance fiber composite achieved and made possible through a proprietary molecular re-engineering process by interlinking cellulosic fiber molecules with resins in the FRC material matrix, resulting in a product of exceptional structural properties. In this feat of molecular re-engineering, selected physical and structural properties of wood are effectively cloned and obtained in the FRC component, in addition to other essential qualities in order to produce superior performance properties to conventional wood. The dynamic characteristics of composite structures are largely extracted from the reinforcing of fibres. The fiber, held in place by the matrix resin, contributes to tensile strength in a composite, enhancing the performance properties in the final part, such as strength and rigidity, while minimizing weight. The advantages of composite materials always beat down their disadvantages. In this analysis, we tried to find out FRC advance manufacturing, recycling technology and future perspective for mankind and next generation development. This research will bring a new horizon for future science with FRC technology and every aspect of modern science which will bring a stable dimensional stability by recycling process with minimizing waste for environment and next generation science.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47465673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marvit Osman Widdatallah, A. A. Mohamed, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, Hiba Abbas Widatallah, Layla Fathi Yassin, Sahar Hussein Eltilib, S. Ahmed
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using seeds of Nigella sativa as a capping agent was evaluated in this study. Different concentrations of the aqueous extract of N. sativa with silver nitrate solution were exposed to sunlight; as a force for acceleration of the formulation. Then the silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by the disc diffusion method. The characterization of nanoparticles was detected by the change in color to yellow-brown which indicated the formulation of silver nanoparticles. Irregular shapes within range of nanoscale were detected using SEM and XRD techniques. The finding suggests that silver nanoparticles may be effectively used as antibacterial agent.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nigella sativa Seeds and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity","authors":"Marvit Osman Widdatallah, A. A. Mohamed, Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid, Hiba Abbas Widatallah, Layla Fathi Yassin, Sahar Hussein Eltilib, S. Ahmed","doi":"10.4236/anp.2020.92003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/anp.2020.92003","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using seeds of Nigella sativa as a capping agent was evaluated in this study. Different concentrations of the aqueous extract of N. sativa with silver nitrate solution were exposed to sunlight; as a force for acceleration of the formulation. Then the silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by the disc diffusion method. The characterization of nanoparticles was detected by the change in color to yellow-brown which indicated the formulation of silver nanoparticles. Irregular shapes within range of nanoscale were detected using SEM and XRD techniques. The finding suggests that silver nanoparticles may be effectively used as antibacterial agent.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"9 1","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45102229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Badawi M. Ali, Yousef A. Alsabah, M. Siddig, A. Elbadawi, A. I. Ahmed, A. A. Mirghni
The Zn0.5CuxMg0.5-xFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) was prepared by sol-gel route and characterized in detail in terms of their structural, morphological, elemental and optical properties as a function of Cu concentration. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of cubic spinel-type structure with average crystallized size in the range of 30.56 to 40.58 nm. Lattice parameter was found to decrease with Cu concentration due to the smaller ionic radius of Cu2+ ion. The HR-SEM images show morphology of the samples as prismatic shaped particles in agglomeration. The elemental dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition of the as-prepared spinel ferrite material with respect to the initial concentration of the synthetic composition used for the material. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of spinel ferrite and showed the characteristics absorption bands around 463, 618, 876, 1116, 1442, 1622 and 2911 cm-1. The energy band gap was calculated for the samples were found to be in the range of 4.87 to 5.30 eV.
{"title":"Influenced of Cu2+ Doped on Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Zn-Mg-Fe2O4 Ferrite Prepared by Sol-Gel Method","authors":"Badawi M. Ali, Yousef A. Alsabah, M. Siddig, A. Elbadawi, A. I. Ahmed, A. A. Mirghni","doi":"10.4236/anp.2020.92004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/anp.2020.92004","url":null,"abstract":"The Zn0.5CuxMg0.5-xFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) was prepared by sol-gel route and characterized in detail in terms of their structural, morphological, elemental and optical properties as a function of Cu concentration. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) results confirmed the formation of cubic spinel-type structure with average crystallized size in the range of 30.56 to 40.58 nm. Lattice parameter was found to decrease with Cu concentration due to the smaller ionic radius of Cu2+ ion. The HR-SEM images show morphology of the samples as prismatic shaped particles in agglomeration. The elemental dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition of the as-prepared spinel ferrite material with respect to the initial concentration of the synthetic composition used for the material. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the formation of spinel ferrite and showed the characteristics absorption bands around 463, 618, 876, 1116, 1442, 1622 and 2911 cm-1. The energy band gap was calculated for the samples were found to be in the range of 4.87 to 5.30 eV.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70338917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of this article can be useful in science and technology advancement, such as nanofluidics, micro mixing and energy conversion. The purpose of this article is to examine the impacts of nanoparticle shape on Al2O3-water nanofluid and heat transfer over a non-linear radically stretching sheet in the existence of magnetic field and thermal radiation. The different shapes of Al2O3 nanoparticles that have under contemplation are column, sphere, hexahedron, tetrahedron, and lamina. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) of the problem are regenerated into set of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using appropriate similarity transformation. The bvp4c program has used to solve the obtained non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODEs). The Nusselt number for all shapes of Al2O3 nanoparticle shapes in pure water with is presented in graphical form. It has reported that the heat transfer augmentation in lamina shapes nanoparticles is more than other shapes of nanoparticle. The relation of thermal boundary layer with shapes of nanoparticles, solid volume fraction, magnetic field and thermal radiation has also presented with the help of graphical representation. It is also demonstrated that lamina shape nanoparticles have showed large temperature distribution than other shapes of nanoparticles.
{"title":"Impacts of Nanoparticle Shape on Al2O3-Water Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer over a Non-Linear Radically Stretching Sheet","authors":"Umair Rashid, A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4236/anp.2020.91002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/anp.2020.91002","url":null,"abstract":"The results of this article can be useful in science and technology advancement, such as nanofluidics, micro mixing and energy conversion. The purpose of this article is to examine the impacts of nanoparticle shape on Al2O3-water nanofluid and heat transfer over a non-linear radically stretching sheet in the existence of magnetic field and thermal radiation. The different shapes of Al2O3 nanoparticles that have under contemplation are column, sphere, hexahedron, tetrahedron, and lamina. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) of the problem are regenerated into set of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using appropriate similarity transformation. The bvp4c program has used to solve the obtained non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODEs). The Nusselt number for all shapes of Al2O3 nanoparticle shapes in pure water with is presented in graphical form. It has reported that the heat transfer augmentation in lamina shapes nanoparticles is more than other shapes of nanoparticle. The relation of thermal boundary layer with shapes of nanoparticles, solid volume fraction, magnetic field and thermal radiation has also presented with the help of graphical representation. It is also demonstrated that lamina shape nanoparticles have showed large temperature distribution than other shapes of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48903728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. T. Oliveira, Jorge P. Chimanowsky Junior, M. Tavares
The increasing demand for new packages with increased shelf life properties has stimulated the increase of research in the active packaging sector. The use of antimicrobial agents requires an in-depth study of their properties to avoid loss of efficiency of the polymer processing. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the preparation of an 18% ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) nanocomposite and zinc oxide (ZnO) as microbicidal nanoparticle, prepared in a monosulfon extruder. The nanoparticle was modified with octadecylamine and EVA 18 nanocomposite films were prepared and compared to the systems containing modified nanoparticle. These new materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Time Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on thermal properties, EVA crystallinity and antimicrobial effect. The TGA showed a tendency of increase of the thermal stability in different proportions of ZnO. DSC results did not show significant changes in thermal parameters. The XRD analysis showed an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites in relation to the EVA matrix and change in the crystallinity with the increase of ZnO percentages. DMA analysis indicates change in structural organization through the variation of storage modulus, loss, and tan delta. Time domain NMR data corroborate with XRD data through the change in molecular mobility.
{"title":"The Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Eva to Obtain Food Packing Films","authors":"C. T. Oliveira, Jorge P. Chimanowsky Junior, M. Tavares","doi":"10.4236/anp.2020.93005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/anp.2020.93005","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for new packages with increased shelf life properties has stimulated the increase of research in the active packaging sector. The use of antimicrobial agents requires an in-depth study of their properties to avoid loss of efficiency of the polymer processing. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the preparation of an 18% ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) nanocomposite and zinc oxide (ZnO) as microbicidal nanoparticle, prepared in a monosulfon extruder. The nanoparticle was modified with octadecylamine and EVA 18 nanocomposite films were prepared and compared to the systems containing modified nanoparticle. These new materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Time Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on thermal properties, EVA crystallinity and antimicrobial effect. The TGA showed a tendency of increase of the thermal stability in different proportions of ZnO. DSC results did not show significant changes in thermal parameters. The XRD analysis showed an increase in the degree of crystallinity of the nanocomposites in relation to the EVA matrix and change in the crystallinity with the increase of ZnO percentages. DMA analysis indicates change in structural organization through the variation of storage modulus, loss, and tan delta. Time domain NMR data corroborate with XRD data through the change in molecular mobility.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70338511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Effiong, T. Uwah, Edidiong Udofa Jumbo, A. E. Akpabio
As nanotechnology finds new applications, the formulation and use of nano-particulate structures in the production of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals keeps increasing. Nano-sized materials such as cubosomes, nanodots, liposomes, dendrimers, nano-emulsions are now becoming regular ingredients in the cosmetic space. These nanoparticle-based cosmetics or nano-cosmeceuticals have extended the boundaries of the applications of cosmetics in managing conditions of wrinkling, dehydrated and inelastic skin associated with aging and dispersed hyperpigmentation. With so many claims by giant cosmetic manufacturers on the several possibilities achievable by such products containing these, there remain valid questions needing answers. Such includes: what are the actual facts as opposed to unfounded expectations on use of nano-materials in cosmetics? What are the peculiar properties of Nano-sized structures? Any potential or actual health risks associated with nanoparticle-incorporated cosmetic products? What roles are the regulating authorities and academic researchers playing in the light of all these developments? This review attempts to answer these questions, taking a look at the updates on nano-sized materials used in cosmetics, while presenting actual advances made in nano-cosmetics amidst the seemingly not too obvious hidden risks.
{"title":"Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: Basics, Current Trends and Safety Concerns—A Review","authors":"D. Effiong, T. Uwah, Edidiong Udofa Jumbo, A. E. Akpabio","doi":"10.4236/ANP.2020.91001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ANP.2020.91001","url":null,"abstract":"As nanotechnology finds new applications, the formulation and use of nano-particulate structures in the production of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals keeps increasing. Nano-sized materials such as cubosomes, nanodots, liposomes, dendrimers, nano-emulsions are now becoming regular ingredients in the cosmetic space. These nanoparticle-based cosmetics or nano-cosmeceuticals have extended the boundaries of the applications of cosmetics in managing conditions of wrinkling, dehydrated and inelastic skin associated with aging and dispersed hyperpigmentation. With so many claims by giant cosmetic manufacturers on the several possibilities achievable by such products containing these, there remain valid questions needing answers. Such includes: what are the actual facts as opposed to unfounded expectations on use of nano-materials in cosmetics? What are the peculiar properties of Nano-sized structures? Any potential or actual health risks associated with nanoparticle-incorporated cosmetic products? What roles are the regulating authorities and academic researchers playing in the light of all these developments? This review attempts to answer these questions, taking a look at the updates on nano-sized materials used in cosmetics, while presenting actual advances made in nano-cosmetics amidst the seemingly not too obvious hidden risks.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"09 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44084164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer effects of propolis. However, its use is limited because of its poor bioavailability. In the present study, the major objective was to improve propolis bioavailability using a nanosuspension formulation. The cytotoxic effect of propolis nanosuspension (PRO-NS) on the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in female Swiss albino mice was investigated in comparison to the free propolis. Materials and methods A propolis-loaded nanosuspension was formulated by applying solvent-antisolvent nano-precipitation technique. The prepared PRO-NS was characterized for average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential. Also, the morphology of the nanosuspension particles was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, PRO-NS cytotoxicity was tested using EAC bearing mice. The anticancer activity of Pro-NS was assessed by studying tumor volume, life span, viable and non-viable cell count, antioxidant, biochemical estimations and proliferation of EAC cells. Results The results revealed that propolis nanoparticles were relatively spherical in shape with rough surface. The tumor bearing mice treated with PRO-NS showed increased life span and inhibited tumor growth and the proliferation of EAC cells in comparison to the free propolis (p < 0.01). Moreover, Pro-NS ameliorated the increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, IgM and the level of creatinine and urea after implantation of EAC cells. In addition, PRO-NS improved the SOD activity and glutathione content of liver and EAC cells. Furthermore, PRO-NS inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation products (MDA) and total IgG in EAC tumor bearing mice. Conclusions Our results indicate that PRO-NS has a strong inhibitory activity against growth of tumors in comparison to free propolis. The anti-tumor mechanism may be mediated by preventing oxidative damage, immune-stimulation and induction of apoptosis.
{"title":"Cytotoxic Effect of Propolis Nanoparticles on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice","authors":"J. Abdo, Fahd M. Alsharif, N. Salah, O. Elkhawaga","doi":"10.4236/anp.2019.84005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/anp.2019.84005","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer effects of propolis. However, its use is limited because of its poor bioavailability. In the present study, the major objective was to improve propolis bioavailability using a nanosuspension formulation. The cytotoxic effect of propolis nanosuspension (PRO-NS) on the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in female Swiss albino mice was investigated in comparison to the free propolis. Materials and methods A propolis-loaded nanosuspension was formulated by applying solvent-antisolvent nano-precipitation technique. The prepared PRO-NS was characterized for average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential. Also, the morphology of the nanosuspension particles was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, PRO-NS cytotoxicity was tested using EAC bearing mice. The anticancer activity of Pro-NS was assessed by studying tumor volume, life span, viable and non-viable cell count, antioxidant, biochemical estimations and proliferation of EAC cells. Results The results revealed that propolis nanoparticles were relatively spherical in shape with rough surface. The tumor bearing mice treated with PRO-NS showed increased life span and inhibited tumor growth and the proliferation of EAC cells in comparison to the free propolis (p < 0.01). Moreover, Pro-NS ameliorated the increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, IgM and the level of creatinine and urea after implantation of EAC cells. In addition, PRO-NS improved the SOD activity and glutathione content of liver and EAC cells. Furthermore, PRO-NS inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation products (MDA) and total IgG in EAC tumor bearing mice. Conclusions Our results indicate that PRO-NS has a strong inhibitory activity against growth of tumors in comparison to free propolis. The anti-tumor mechanism may be mediated by preventing oxidative damage, immune-stimulation and induction of apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":71264,"journal":{"name":"纳米粒子(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42580384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafiz Salih, Amro M El Badawy, T. Tolaymat, C. Patterson
Engineered nanomaterials are used in many applications, including pollution sensors, photovoltaics, medical imaging, drug delivery and environmental remediation. Due to their numerous applications, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are receiving a large amount of attention. Ag NPs may occur in drinking water sources either during manufacturing, consumption and/or disposal processes. This potentially leads to the presence of Ag NPs in finished drinking water, which could have public health impacts. The objective of this research was to investigate the removal of several types of stabilized Ag NPs by potable water treatment processes. Specifically, this research achieved these objectives through; 1) Synthesis of Citrate-reduced Ag NPs, Polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilized (PVP) Ag NPs and Branched polyethyleneimine stabilized (BPEI) Ag NPs, 2) Characterization of synthesized Ag NPs to determine their aggregation potential, Zeta potential profiles, (pHpzc) and obtain morphological data from SEM images, and 3) An evaluation of the efficacy of conventional water treatment processes (i.e., coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration) in removing stabilized Ag NPs from natural water. The three NPs were found to be stable at the nano size in natural water. Alum coagulation had no impact on the PVP and BPEI Ag NPs. Flocculation and settling were found to be key steps for removal of these NPs. The three Ag NPs were not permanently removed by means of conventional water treatment processes employed in this study.
工程纳米材料被用于许多应用领域，包括污染传感器、光伏、医学成像、药物输送和环境修复。由于其广泛的应用，银纳米颗粒(Ag NPs)受到了广泛的关注。在饮用水水源的制造、消费和/或处置过程中，可能会产生银微粒。这可能导致成品饮用水中存在银纳米粒子，这可能对公共卫生产生影响。本研究的目的是研究饮用水处理工艺对几种稳定银NPs的去除效果。具体而言，本研究通过以下方式实现了这些目标:1)合成柠檬酸还原银NPs、聚乙烯吡罗烷酮稳定(PVP)银NPs和支化聚乙烯亚胺稳定(BPEI)银NPs; 2)表征合成银NPs的聚集电位、Zeta电位(pHpzc)，并从SEM图像中获得形态数据;3)评价常规水处理工艺(即混凝、絮凝、沉淀和砂过滤)从天然水中去除稳定的银NPs。发现这三种NPs在天然水中在纳米尺寸下是稳定的。明矾凝固对PVP和BPEI Ag NPs无影响。发现絮凝和沉降是去除这些NPs的关键步骤。本研究中采用的常规水处理工艺不能永久去除这三种银NPs。
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