Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.933362
J. Sawtschuk, Marie-Pierre C. Delisle, Xavier Mesmin, I. Bernez
Abstract Ecological restoration of river networks, especially of headwaters, is a key issue to improve water ecological, chemical and physical qualities and ecological functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Ecological restoration of degraded riparian vegetation is commonly considered as an efficient way to improve headwater habitats. This study aims to describe past management dynamics and their effect on current riparian vegetation structure and composition. We focused on two headwater brooks surrounded by traditional pasture in the rural catchment of the river Oir, a salmonid nursery of the river Sélune, Normandy, France. Historical riparian vegetation dynamic has been characterized thanks to interpretation of ortho-photographs from 1947 to 2010. GIS analyses allowed us to distinguish five types of management practices from stable vegetation (maintained open or maintained woody) to heterogeneous dynamic vegetation (alternation of clear-cutting, coppice management and recolonization by ligneous species). To measure their impact on the riparian ecosystem, past management practices were linked with field data describing current structure and composition of riparian vegetation. Results show that structure of riparian plant communities depends mainly on recent management practices, while floristic composition depends both on recent and past management practices. Knowledge of the past dynamics of riparian landscapes proves to be a relevant indicator of the ecological status of headwater ecosystems that could be used to improve ecological restoration instead of classical management practices of riparian vegetation.
{"title":"How past riparian management practices can affect composition and structure of vegetation for headwater ecological restoration projects","authors":"J. Sawtschuk, Marie-Pierre C. Delisle, Xavier Mesmin, I. Bernez","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.933362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.933362","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ecological restoration of river networks, especially of headwaters, is a key issue to improve water ecological, chemical and physical qualities and ecological functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Ecological restoration of degraded riparian vegetation is commonly considered as an efficient way to improve headwater habitats. This study aims to describe past management dynamics and their effect on current riparian vegetation structure and composition. We focused on two headwater brooks surrounded by traditional pasture in the rural catchment of the river Oir, a salmonid nursery of the river Sélune, Normandy, France. Historical riparian vegetation dynamic has been characterized thanks to interpretation of ortho-photographs from 1947 to 2010. GIS analyses allowed us to distinguish five types of management practices from stable vegetation (maintained open or maintained woody) to heterogeneous dynamic vegetation (alternation of clear-cutting, coppice management and recolonization by ligneous species). To measure their impact on the riparian ecosystem, past management practices were linked with field data describing current structure and composition of riparian vegetation. Results show that structure of riparian plant communities depends mainly on recent management practices, while floristic composition depends both on recent and past management practices. Knowledge of the past dynamics of riparian landscapes proves to be a relevant indicator of the ecological status of headwater ecosystems that could be used to improve ecological restoration instead of classical management practices of riparian vegetation.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"309 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.933362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.932703
C. Ribaudo, V. Bertrin, A. Dutartre
Abstract Submerged aquatic weeds may colonize freshwater shallow lakes by forming dense mats: when this occurs, their invasion interferes with human activities and generates several impacts on aquatic processes. In this paper, we present the preliminary results of an investigation concerning the dissolved gas and nutrient dynamics within a bed of Egeria densa Planch. in a bay of Lacanau Lake (southwestern France). Two 24-h cycles were carried out during summer and autumn 2013, for the measurement of dissolved oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Our results show that Egeria densa seasonal dynamics might strongly influence the colonized area: during summer, steady levels of O2 (O2 > 0.15 mm) were coupled to the macrophyte photosynthetic activity, while during autumn respiration processes were mostly pronounced (0.02 mm < O2 < 0.25 mm). High concentrations of CH4 (0.6–53.9 μm) and CO2 (0.03–0.83 mm) were measured within the bed during both sampling campaigns, that indicating a potential contribution to greenhouse gas emissions towards the atmosphere. This study suggests that a shallow environment colonized by an elevated biomass of submerged aquatic weeds is most likely subjected to water hypoxia and nutrient mobilization.
{"title":"Dissolved gas and nutrient dynamics within an Egeria densa Planch. bed","authors":"C. Ribaudo, V. Bertrin, A. Dutartre","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.932703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.932703","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Submerged aquatic weeds may colonize freshwater shallow lakes by forming dense mats: when this occurs, their invasion interferes with human activities and generates several impacts on aquatic processes. In this paper, we present the preliminary results of an investigation concerning the dissolved gas and nutrient dynamics within a bed of Egeria densa Planch. in a bay of Lacanau Lake (southwestern France). Two 24-h cycles were carried out during summer and autumn 2013, for the measurement of dissolved oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Our results show that Egeria densa seasonal dynamics might strongly influence the colonized area: during summer, steady levels of O2 (O2 > 0.15 mm) were coupled to the macrophyte photosynthetic activity, while during autumn respiration processes were mostly pronounced (0.02 mm < O2 < 0.25 mm). High concentrations of CH4 (0.6–53.9 μm) and CO2 (0.03–0.83 mm) were measured within the bed during both sampling campaigns, that indicating a potential contribution to greenhouse gas emissions towards the atmosphere. This study suggests that a shallow environment colonized by an elevated biomass of submerged aquatic weeds is most likely subjected to water hypoxia and nutrient mobilization.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"233 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.932703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.902771
A. Alignier, D. Alard, R. Chevalier, E. Corcket
Abstract Forest edges are key features in human-dominated landscape. Located between forest and non-forest habitats, edges induce biotic and abiotic changes, which may have profound consequences on vegetation diversity. Recent studies suggest the importance of different edge types in the modulation of edge-related responses. However, edge effect on the spatial dynamic of vegetation, from forest to non-forest habitats, remains unclear. Our aim was to compare the species richness and diversity of vegetation communities between forest and open habitats with their respective edges, in high-contrast versus low-contrast situations. The degree of contrast was defined according to the disturbance regimen of non-forest habitats. We surveyed vascular vegetation along transects in forest and open habitats and in their respective edges, in three regions of France. We showed that edge effects occur on plant diversity, whatever the region, but asymmetrically. Edge effect tends to be greater on the open side than on the forest side of the border. Species richness and diversity were generally higher in open edge than in open habitat, whereas no significant difference was observed between forest edge and forest habitat, whatever the contrast situation encountered. This study shows that the edge effects detected along a forest–edge–exterior habitat gradient may depend in large part on the disturbance regimen in open habitats as well as the vegetation pool size. We highlighted the need to carefully consider the edge types, e.g. their contrast with adjoining non-forest habitat, in further studies to identify the relevant factors and mechanisms behind edge-related response patterns of biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes.
{"title":"Can contrast between forest and adjacent open habitat explain the edge effects on plant diversity?","authors":"A. Alignier, D. Alard, R. Chevalier, E. Corcket","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.902771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.902771","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forest edges are key features in human-dominated landscape. Located between forest and non-forest habitats, edges induce biotic and abiotic changes, which may have profound consequences on vegetation diversity. Recent studies suggest the importance of different edge types in the modulation of edge-related responses. However, edge effect on the spatial dynamic of vegetation, from forest to non-forest habitats, remains unclear. Our aim was to compare the species richness and diversity of vegetation communities between forest and open habitats with their respective edges, in high-contrast versus low-contrast situations. The degree of contrast was defined according to the disturbance regimen of non-forest habitats. We surveyed vascular vegetation along transects in forest and open habitats and in their respective edges, in three regions of France. We showed that edge effects occur on plant diversity, whatever the region, but asymmetrically. Edge effect tends to be greater on the open side than on the forest side of the border. Species richness and diversity were generally higher in open edge than in open habitat, whereas no significant difference was observed between forest edge and forest habitat, whatever the contrast situation encountered. This study shows that the edge effects detected along a forest–edge–exterior habitat gradient may depend in large part on the disturbance regimen in open habitats as well as the vegetation pool size. We highlighted the need to carefully consider the edge types, e.g. their contrast with adjoining non-forest habitat, in further studies to identify the relevant factors and mechanisms behind edge-related response patterns of biodiversity in human-dominated landscapes.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"253 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.902771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.919875
E. Buisson, P. Bravet, J. Mieusset, N. Baillot, C. Dubreucq, L. Sadones, Julie Chenot, L. Brun
Abstract Throughout the world, dunes are being altered by human activities. Dunes can be restored to naturally functioning systems to protect human settlements and coastal strips and preserve biotopes. This study took place on the Jaï dunes, on the shore of a coastal lagoon in southeastern France, which were mainly degraded by vehicles. The objectives of this work were (1) to define the reference ecosystem by gathering historical information and exploring other regional sand dunes; (2) to find out about the restoration potential of the site by studying the degraded seed bank; (3) to test the efficacy of a few basic restoration actions. Historical information was of little help in defining the reference ecosystem. The description of EU Habitat Directive habitat types and the selection of regionally less degraded sites allowed us to compile the following list of plant species that we could expect to find in the restored area: Anthemis maritima, Elytrigia juncea, Glaucium flavum and Sporobolus pungens. The seed bank of the road was mainly composed of Juncus acutus, which is not a typical dune species and therefore did not have much potential for restoration. Ploughing can therefore be used to decompact the sand road without hampering colonization from the seed bank. Ploughing was only efficient when the following other conditions were met: environmental conditions adequate for the establishment of dune vegetation, and a sufficient connection between the beach, the foredune and the restored area.
{"title":"Plant communities of a coastal lagoon foredune: definition of the reference and restoration after compaction","authors":"E. Buisson, P. Bravet, J. Mieusset, N. Baillot, C. Dubreucq, L. Sadones, Julie Chenot, L. Brun","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.919875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.919875","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Throughout the world, dunes are being altered by human activities. Dunes can be restored to naturally functioning systems to protect human settlements and coastal strips and preserve biotopes. This study took place on the Jaï dunes, on the shore of a coastal lagoon in southeastern France, which were mainly degraded by vehicles. The objectives of this work were (1) to define the reference ecosystem by gathering historical information and exploring other regional sand dunes; (2) to find out about the restoration potential of the site by studying the degraded seed bank; (3) to test the efficacy of a few basic restoration actions. Historical information was of little help in defining the reference ecosystem. The description of EU Habitat Directive habitat types and the selection of regionally less degraded sites allowed us to compile the following list of plant species that we could expect to find in the restored area: Anthemis maritima, Elytrigia juncea, Glaucium flavum and Sporobolus pungens. The seed bank of the road was mainly composed of Juncus acutus, which is not a typical dune species and therefore did not have much potential for restoration. Ploughing can therefore be used to decompact the sand road without hampering colonization from the seed bank. Ploughing was only efficient when the following other conditions were met: environmental conditions adequate for the establishment of dune vegetation, and a sufficient connection between the beach, the foredune and the restored area.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"277 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.919875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.892026
S. Sciandrello, A. Guglielmo, Giovanni Spampinato
Abstract The results of a study on the spatial patterns, composition and structure of coastal salt marsh plant communities of a central Mediterranean area are presented. Eleven transects perpendicular to the salt marsh shore were selected in southeastern Sicily. For each transect, the floristic composition and cover were determined using standard relevé methods, collecting 220 plots. The plot data were analysed using classification (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean, similarity ratio) and ordination methods (Detrended Correspondence Analysis). A total of 15 plant communities with specific floristic compositions were recognized, mainly distributed in two different habitats: a regularly flooded lower zone and an irregularly flooded upper zone. According to detrended correspondence analysis, the spatial patterns of plots follow an ecological gradient that can be related to flooding time, the main ecological factor affecting the distribution of communities in the salt marshes. Moreover, floristic richness and diversity index increased from the lower zone towards the upper zone. The regularly flooded soils contain the lowest shrub abundance and the lowest diversity, whereas the irregularly flooded soils have the highest shrub abundance and the highest diversity.
{"title":"Spatial patterns and floristic composition of plant communities in coastal salt marshes of southeastern Sicily (Italy)","authors":"S. Sciandrello, A. Guglielmo, Giovanni Spampinato","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.892026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.892026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of a study on the spatial patterns, composition and structure of coastal salt marsh plant communities of a central Mediterranean area are presented. Eleven transects perpendicular to the salt marsh shore were selected in southeastern Sicily. For each transect, the floristic composition and cover were determined using standard relevé methods, collecting 220 plots. The plot data were analysed using classification (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean, similarity ratio) and ordination methods (Detrended Correspondence Analysis). A total of 15 plant communities with specific floristic compositions were recognized, mainly distributed in two different habitats: a regularly flooded lower zone and an irregularly flooded upper zone. According to detrended correspondence analysis, the spatial patterns of plots follow an ecological gradient that can be related to flooding time, the main ecological factor affecting the distribution of communities in the salt marshes. Moreover, floristic richness and diversity index increased from the lower zone towards the upper zone. The regularly flooded soils contain the lowest shrub abundance and the lowest diversity, whereas the irregularly flooded soils have the highest shrub abundance and the highest diversity.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"109 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.892026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.895419
E. Imbert, Hui Wang, B. Anderson, Béatrice Hervouet, M. Talavera, B. Schatz
Abstract Among the diversity of pollination strategies, food deception is intriguing because of the lack of rewards offered for the pollination services. Floral food deception has been frequently recorded in orchids; however, there is little evidence for food deception outside the Orchidaceae. One putative non-orchid candidate is the Mediterranean Iris lutescens, which displays an heritable polymorphism for flower colour, with yellow and purple morphs. Colour polymorphism is frequently thought to be maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where rare morphs are visited more frequently than common ones. Here, we present data on reproductive biology and pollination ecology of the species in the light of the deceptive pollination strategy and the maintenance of flower colour polymorphism. There was no difference in sex allocation and flowering phenology between morphs, with a blooming period early in spring. Both colour morphs are equally self-incompatible and they depend on insects for seed production. The most common visitors with pollen loads are small and large Apoids. These were observed foraging for non-existent nectar (rather than pollen) on Iris flowers. Most of them appear to learn to avoid Iris flowers as classically observed for rewardless species, and there was no evidence of an advantage for the rare morph. Instead, we found that in some populations, large bee pollinators appeared to prefer the most common morph (positive frequency-dependent selection). Iris lutescens appears to be a hitherto neglected but relevant candidate to investigate deceptive reproductive strategy and selective pressures in generalist plants.
{"title":"Reproductive biology and colour polymorphism in the food-deceptive Iris lutescens (Iridaceae)","authors":"E. Imbert, Hui Wang, B. Anderson, Béatrice Hervouet, M. Talavera, B. Schatz","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.895419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.895419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Among the diversity of pollination strategies, food deception is intriguing because of the lack of rewards offered for the pollination services. Floral food deception has been frequently recorded in orchids; however, there is little evidence for food deception outside the Orchidaceae. One putative non-orchid candidate is the Mediterranean Iris lutescens, which displays an heritable polymorphism for flower colour, with yellow and purple morphs. Colour polymorphism is frequently thought to be maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection, where rare morphs are visited more frequently than common ones. Here, we present data on reproductive biology and pollination ecology of the species in the light of the deceptive pollination strategy and the maintenance of flower colour polymorphism. There was no difference in sex allocation and flowering phenology between morphs, with a blooming period early in spring. Both colour morphs are equally self-incompatible and they depend on insects for seed production. The most common visitors with pollen loads are small and large Apoids. These were observed foraging for non-existent nectar (rather than pollen) on Iris flowers. Most of them appear to learn to avoid Iris flowers as classically observed for rewardless species, and there was no evidence of an advantage for the rare morph. Instead, we found that in some populations, large bee pollinators appeared to prefer the most common morph (positive frequency-dependent selection). Iris lutescens appears to be a hitherto neglected but relevant candidate to investigate deceptive reproductive strategy and selective pressures in generalist plants.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"117 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.895419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.906919
M. Lonati, Marziano Pascale, B. Operti, G. Lombardi
Abstract Potentilla fruticosa L. is a self-incompatible clonal shrub, characterized by a wide circumpolar distribution (Asia and North America). In Europe the species has many peripheral isolated populations, and within the Alps it is confined to a restricted area of the Maritime Alps (Italy and France). In alpine environments P. fruticosa is affected by a significant lack of information about current population status and little and conflicting information is reported about its potential habitat. Our study investigated P. fruticosa populations on the Italian side of the Alps to evaluate its synecology, syntaxonomy and conservation status. Results showed that six out of the seven populations inventoried in the area during the study, consisted of 20 or fewer individuals, and only one included a high number of plants. The species was observed in the study area within the Caricetum frigidae association (Caricion davallianae alliance), very close to small creeks characterized by fairly constant water levels. In the Italian Alps P. fruticosa has a very restricted geographic range, estimated at around 16 km2 (extent of occurrence). Isolation of populations affected viable seed production. A continuing decline in the quality and extent of the habitat is expected due to the continuing abandonment of pastures that began 40 years ago in the study area. According to the most recent IUCN categories and criteria the species should be listed at the regional/national level as Critically Endangered.
{"title":"Synecology, conservation status and IUCN assessment of Potentilla fruticosa L. in the Italian Alps","authors":"M. Lonati, Marziano Pascale, B. Operti, G. Lombardi","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.906919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.906919","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Potentilla fruticosa L. is a self-incompatible clonal shrub, characterized by a wide circumpolar distribution (Asia and North America). In Europe the species has many peripheral isolated populations, and within the Alps it is confined to a restricted area of the Maritime Alps (Italy and France). In alpine environments P. fruticosa is affected by a significant lack of information about current population status and little and conflicting information is reported about its potential habitat. Our study investigated P. fruticosa populations on the Italian side of the Alps to evaluate its synecology, syntaxonomy and conservation status. Results showed that six out of the seven populations inventoried in the area during the study, consisted of 20 or fewer individuals, and only one included a high number of plants. The species was observed in the study area within the Caricetum frigidae association (Caricion davallianae alliance), very close to small creeks characterized by fairly constant water levels. In the Italian Alps P. fruticosa has a very restricted geographic range, estimated at around 16 km2 (extent of occurrence). Isolation of populations affected viable seed production. A continuing decline in the quality and extent of the habitat is expected due to the continuing abandonment of pastures that began 40 years ago in the study area. According to the most recent IUCN categories and criteria the species should be listed at the regional/national level as Critically Endangered.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"116 1","pages":"159 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.906919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.921642
Ş. Hayta, E. Bagci
Abstract The essential oil composition of the leaves, bark and cones of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus collected from natural habitats in Bursa (Turkey) were determined by hydrodistillation, in 0.7, 0.9 and 0.7% (weight/weight) yields, respectively. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 75 compounds have been identified constituting 99.5% in bark, 89.3% in leaves and 97.7% in cones of the essential oils of the taxon. The predominant compounds were α-pinene (42.9, 72.8 and 20.9%), β-pinene (3.8, 10.7 and 8.9%), β-myrcene (3.9, 5.5 and 21.7%) and limonene (17.8, 1.9 and 3.4%) in the oils from the leaves, bark and cones, respectively. Quantitative and qualitative variations were determined in the essential oil composition of different parts of the studied plant. The high amount of monoterpenes α- and β-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene and the sesquiterpene germacrene D make the studied taxon a privileged potential source for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and industrial products. The essential oil composition of different parts of Juniper oxycedrus from Bursa (Turkey) confirm the relevance of the medicinal usage of these plant parts.
{"title":"Essential oil constituents of the leaves, bark and cones of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus L. from Turkey","authors":"Ş. Hayta, E. Bagci","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.921642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.921642","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The essential oil composition of the leaves, bark and cones of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus collected from natural habitats in Bursa (Turkey) were determined by hydrodistillation, in 0.7, 0.9 and 0.7% (weight/weight) yields, respectively. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 75 compounds have been identified constituting 99.5% in bark, 89.3% in leaves and 97.7% in cones of the essential oils of the taxon. The predominant compounds were α-pinene (42.9, 72.8 and 20.9%), β-pinene (3.8, 10.7 and 8.9%), β-myrcene (3.9, 5.5 and 21.7%) and limonene (17.8, 1.9 and 3.4%) in the oils from the leaves, bark and cones, respectively. Quantitative and qualitative variations were determined in the essential oil composition of different parts of the studied plant. The high amount of monoterpenes α- and β-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene and the sesquiterpene germacrene D make the studied taxon a privileged potential source for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and industrial products. The essential oil composition of different parts of Juniper oxycedrus from Bursa (Turkey) confirm the relevance of the medicinal usage of these plant parts.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"17 1","pages":"201 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.921642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.909325
Y. Benchikh, H. Louaileche
Abstract The extraction of phenolic compounds from carob pulp was studied. The effects of solvent nature (acetone, ethanol, methanol and water), solvent concentration (40–100%), solid-to-solvent ratio (15/10 to 75/10 mg/ml), extraction time (60–120 min) and extraction temperature (25–90°C) were investigated. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were used for determination of phenolic compounds of carob pulp extract, whereas the antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring the free radical-scavenging activity and the ferric-reducing power. Experimental results showed that all examined parameters had statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects on phenolic compound extraction and antioxidant activities of extracts. The best extraction conditions were 70% acetone, 25 mg/10 ml, 90 min and 90°C with values of 3554 mgGAE/100 gDW, 1700 mgQE/100 gDW, 4032 mgAAE/100 gDW and 3929 mgAAE/100 gDW for the total phenolic content, the total flavonoid content, the free radical-scavenging activity and the ferric-reducing power, respectively. As a function of investigated extraction parameters, phenolic compound contents were positively correlated with antioxidant activities.
{"title":"Effects of extraction conditions on the recovery of phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp","authors":"Y. Benchikh, H. Louaileche","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.909325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.909325","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The extraction of phenolic compounds from carob pulp was studied. The effects of solvent nature (acetone, ethanol, methanol and water), solvent concentration (40–100%), solid-to-solvent ratio (15/10 to 75/10 mg/ml), extraction time (60–120 min) and extraction temperature (25–90°C) were investigated. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were used for determination of phenolic compounds of carob pulp extract, whereas the antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring the free radical-scavenging activity and the ferric-reducing power. Experimental results showed that all examined parameters had statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects on phenolic compound extraction and antioxidant activities of extracts. The best extraction conditions were 70% acetone, 25 mg/10 ml, 90 min and 90°C with values of 3554 mgGAE/100 gDW, 1700 mgQE/100 gDW, 4032 mgAAE/100 gDW and 3929 mgAAE/100 gDW for the total phenolic content, the total flavonoid content, the free radical-scavenging activity and the ferric-reducing power, respectively. As a function of investigated extraction parameters, phenolic compound contents were positively correlated with antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"175 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.909325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.892438
R. Wagensommer, Tobias Fröhlich, M. Fröhlich
Abstract Cerinthe retorta Sibth. and Sm. has been detected in calcareous rocky slopes in Valle dell’Inferno on the Gargano promontory (Apulia, southeastern Italy). It is the first record of the species in Italy and the westernmost site of the distribution of this mostly Aegean species. This disjunction may provide evidence for past amphi-Adriatic/amphi-Ionic terrestrial connections. The IUCN assessment of the species in Italy and in Europe and the global assessment are briefly discussed.
{"title":"First record of the southeast European species Cerinthe retorta Sibth. & Sm. (Boraginaceae) in Italy and considerations on its distribution and conservation status","authors":"R. Wagensommer, Tobias Fröhlich, M. Fröhlich","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.892438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.892438","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cerinthe retorta Sibth. and Sm. has been detected in calcareous rocky slopes in Valle dell’Inferno on the Gargano promontory (Apulia, southeastern Italy). It is the first record of the species in Italy and the westernmost site of the distribution of this mostly Aegean species. This disjunction may provide evidence for past amphi-Adriatic/amphi-Ionic terrestrial connections. The IUCN assessment of the species in Italy and in Europe and the global assessment are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"111 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.892438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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