Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.773461
P. Ernandes, S. Marchiori
Abstract Mediterranean temporary ponds are priority habitats within the Natura 2000 network of the European Union (code 3170). They are isolated habitats, located in various Mediterranean countries, of high conservation value, with unique flora, successional stages and ecological characteristics. The vascular flora of Mediterranean temporary pools was studied to determine the diversity and ecology of these habitats: 47 sites and 63 rare species characteristic of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea phytosociological class were found. The results suggest that the vascular flora of temporary pools is very rare in Puglia, although rare ferns are better represented than previously reported. These habitats are difficult to detect, so it is necessary to prevent the loss and destruction of these “jewels” by adopting suitable management measures.
{"title":"Mediterranean temporary ponds in Puglia (South Italy): a “joyau floristique” to protect","authors":"P. Ernandes, S. Marchiori","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.773461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.773461","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mediterranean temporary ponds are priority habitats within the Natura 2000 network of the European Union (code 3170). They are isolated habitats, located in various Mediterranean countries, of high conservation value, with unique flora, successional stages and ecological characteristics. The vascular flora of Mediterranean temporary pools was studied to determine the diversity and ecology of these habitats: 47 sites and 63 rare species characteristic of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea phytosociological class were found. The results suggest that the vascular flora of temporary pools is very rare in Puglia, although rare ferns are better represented than previously reported. These habitats are difficult to detect, so it is necessary to prevent the loss and destruction of these “jewels” by adopting suitable management measures.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"53 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.773461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59704913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2012.758498
J. Vallade
Résumé La méiose comporte trois principales caractéristiques: (1) une réduction de moitié du nombre des chromosomes (passage de l’état diploïde à l’état haploïde), (2) la possibilité d’échanges matériels entre les chromosomes homologues (recombinaisons intrachromosomiques par « crossing over »), (3) la distribution au hasard des chromosomes homologues dans chacun des noyaux-filles (recombinaisons interchromosomiques). Près de trente années ont été nécessaires pour qu’émerge, dans sa globalité, le concept de méiose. Cet article se propose de présenter les principales étapes qui ont mené à la « découverte » de la méiose. La prise en compte des données historiques conduit à la conclusion que la « paternité » de ce concept ne peut être attribuée à un seul auteur comme cela est mentionné dans plusieurs ouvrages pédagogiques.
{"title":"La lente émergence du concept de méiose de 1882 à 1909","authors":"J. Vallade","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2012.758498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2012.758498","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé La méiose comporte trois principales caractéristiques: (1) une réduction de moitié du nombre des chromosomes (passage de l’état diploïde à l’état haploïde), (2) la possibilité d’échanges matériels entre les chromosomes homologues (recombinaisons intrachromosomiques par « crossing over »), (3) la distribution au hasard des chromosomes homologues dans chacun des noyaux-filles (recombinaisons interchromosomiques). Près de trente années ont été nécessaires pour qu’émerge, dans sa globalité, le concept de méiose. Cet article se propose de présenter les principales étapes qui ont mené à la « découverte » de la méiose. La prise en compte des données historiques conduit à la conclusion que la « paternité » de ce concept ne peut être attribuée à un seul auteur comme cela est mentionné dans plusieurs ouvrages pédagogiques.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"68 1","pages":"10 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2012.758498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59704743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.772497
N. Aiello, R. Bontempo, C. Vender
Abstract During the summer of 2010, a survey aiming to assess the morphological characteristics and the amarogentin content of different wild populations of yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) was carried out in the south-eastern Italian Pre-Alps (1050–1950 m above sea level). The focus of the survey was the province of Trento where seven populations were recorded. Two more populations were recorded in the province of Brescia, which represented the southern and western limit of the targeted area, respectively. The last two populations were found in the province of Vicenza and Pordenone, the latter corresponding to the eastern boundary of the research area. A series of qualitative and quantitative parameters were recorded for each site/population and univariate (Kruskall–Wallis test) and multivariate (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) analyses were performed to estimate differences between populations. According to the descriptors recorded, a large variability emerged among all the targeted populations, nine of which belonged to the subsp. lutea and vardjanii Wraber complex, whereas the two populations from Vicenza and Pordenone provinces belonged to the subsp. symphyandra Hayek. These last are characterized by a later flowering, larger corolla lobes, and taller stems and roots, and are richer in amarogentin compared with the other populations.
{"title":"Use of morphological features and amarogentin content for characterization of wild yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) populations in north-east Italy","authors":"N. Aiello, R. Bontempo, C. Vender","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.772497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.772497","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the summer of 2010, a survey aiming to assess the morphological characteristics and the amarogentin content of different wild populations of yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.) was carried out in the south-eastern Italian Pre-Alps (1050–1950 m above sea level). The focus of the survey was the province of Trento where seven populations were recorded. Two more populations were recorded in the province of Brescia, which represented the southern and western limit of the targeted area, respectively. The last two populations were found in the province of Vicenza and Pordenone, the latter corresponding to the eastern boundary of the research area. A series of qualitative and quantitative parameters were recorded for each site/population and univariate (Kruskall–Wallis test) and multivariate (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) analyses were performed to estimate differences between populations. According to the descriptors recorded, a large variability emerged among all the targeted populations, nine of which belonged to the subsp. lutea and vardjanii Wraber complex, whereas the two populations from Vicenza and Pordenone provinces belonged to the subsp. symphyandra Hayek. These last are characterized by a later flowering, larger corolla lobes, and taller stems and roots, and are richer in amarogentin compared with the other populations.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"33 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.772497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59704801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.791641
Talip Çeter, M. Ekici, N. M. Pınar, Funda Ozbek
Abstract Pollen morphology of 15 taxa belonging to the section Hololeuce Bunge of genus Astragalus L. species was investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen slides were prepared using a Wodehouse technique. Measurements were based on 20 or more pollen grains per specimen. For scanning electron microscopy studies, dried pollen grains were transferred on aluminium stubs and coated with gold for 4 min in a sputter-coater. The pollen grains of Hololeuce taxa are radially symmetric and isopolar. The pollen grains of the taxa are prolate–spheroidal, subprolate or prolate with the polar axes 21.42–32.93 μm and the equatorial axes 17.13–28.26 μm. The pollen grains are operculate and trizonocolporate. Syncolporate. Colpi were usually long and narrow (Clt: 4.13–6.68 μm, Clg: 16.56–26.52 μm), subterminal, membrane granulate or verrucate. Pores were found to be longate or circular (Plg: 5.01–7.82 μm, Plt: 5.31–8.69 μm). Operculum membrane ornamentation verrucate, granulate, rugulate and reticulate. Pollen grains show reticulate, perforate polar section and perforate, reticulate, microreticulate, perforate–granulate, microreticulate–perforate, microrugulate–perforate, microrugulate–microreticulate, granulate–perforate, microreticulate–granulate at meridional sections. Exine is subtectate and has a thickness of 1.08–1.30 μm. Ectexine is thicker than endexine. Intine has a thickness of 0.5–0.68 μm. As result of this study some pollen characteristic as pollen shape, aperture type and ornamentations are shown to vary within the section Hololeuce. Especially pollen surface ornamentation on polar section and meridional section has systematic value to distinguish taxa from each other.
{"title":"Pollen morphology of Astragalus L. section Hololeuce Bunge (Fabaceae) in Turkey","authors":"Talip Çeter, M. Ekici, N. M. Pınar, Funda Ozbek","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.791641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.791641","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollen morphology of 15 taxa belonging to the section Hololeuce Bunge of genus Astragalus L. species was investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen slides were prepared using a Wodehouse technique. Measurements were based on 20 or more pollen grains per specimen. For scanning electron microscopy studies, dried pollen grains were transferred on aluminium stubs and coated with gold for 4 min in a sputter-coater. The pollen grains of Hololeuce taxa are radially symmetric and isopolar. The pollen grains of the taxa are prolate–spheroidal, subprolate or prolate with the polar axes 21.42–32.93 μm and the equatorial axes 17.13–28.26 μm. The pollen grains are operculate and trizonocolporate. Syncolporate. Colpi were usually long and narrow (Clt: 4.13–6.68 μm, Clg: 16.56–26.52 μm), subterminal, membrane granulate or verrucate. Pores were found to be longate or circular (Plg: 5.01–7.82 μm, Plt: 5.31–8.69 μm). Operculum membrane ornamentation verrucate, granulate, rugulate and reticulate. Pollen grains show reticulate, perforate polar section and perforate, reticulate, microreticulate, perforate–granulate, microreticulate–perforate, microrugulate–perforate, microrugulate–microreticulate, granulate–perforate, microreticulate–granulate at meridional sections. Exine is subtectate and has a thickness of 1.08–1.30 μm. Ectexine is thicker than endexine. Intine has a thickness of 0.5–0.68 μm. As result of this study some pollen characteristic as pollen shape, aperture type and ornamentations are shown to vary within the section Hololeuce. Especially pollen surface ornamentation on polar section and meridional section has systematic value to distinguish taxa from each other.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"7 1","pages":"43 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.791641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2012.758497
Mohammadhadi Heidary Baladehi, Meisam Habibi, D. Azizian
Abstract In this study, pollen analyses of Iranian species of Anemone L. and Pulsatilla Mill. were conducted through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Two pollen classes were observed in these species: trizonocolpate and pantoporate. The trizonocolpate class consists of only Anemone caucasica species, which are isopolar and prolate with microechinate ornamentations, and the pantoporate class consists of four other Anemone taxa and Pulsatilla albana, which have isopolar and spheroidal pollen grains, with 8–18 circular pores and microechinate ornamentations. Some characters show variations between/within species and populations and must be regarded in taxonomic studies. It is necessary to write a key for the porate pollen grains of Ranunculaceae, especially Anemone species. Pollen character evolution of these species is not clear.
{"title":"Pollen morphology of Iranian species of Anemone L. & Pulsatilla Mill. (Ranunculaceae) and its implications","authors":"Mohammadhadi Heidary Baladehi, Meisam Habibi, D. Azizian","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2012.758497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2012.758497","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, pollen analyses of Iranian species of Anemone L. and Pulsatilla Mill. were conducted through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Two pollen classes were observed in these species: trizonocolpate and pantoporate. The trizonocolpate class consists of only Anemone caucasica species, which are isopolar and prolate with microechinate ornamentations, and the pantoporate class consists of four other Anemone taxa and Pulsatilla albana, which have isopolar and spheroidal pollen grains, with 8–18 circular pores and microechinate ornamentations. Some characters show variations between/within species and populations and must be regarded in taxonomic studies. It is necessary to write a key for the porate pollen grains of Ranunculaceae, especially Anemone species. Pollen character evolution of these species is not clear.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"19 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2012.758497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59704705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.772499
Shi-Quan Wang, Lin Su, Qiang Liu
Abstract Chromosomal meiotic behaviour in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii, endemic to China, was investigated in three natural populations represented by 14 individuals. Meiotic abnormalities including bridges, fragments and univalents occurred in all individuals. At metaphase I, mean chromosome configuration of each cell was 2n = 10 = 0.36 I + 4.82 II. Most of the chromosomes were ring bivalents, but some were rod bivalents or univalents. Pairing index ranged from 71.04 to 77.76%. Chromosome bridges, fragments, unequal separation and lagging chromosomes were observed both at anaphase I and telophase I. All individuals produced bridges/fragments (10.37% of PMCs on average) at anaphase I, which suggested that they were all heterozygotes for paracentric inversions. However, there were some variations among individuals in frequency of bridge occurrence and size of fragments, which indicated that many different inversions existed in this subspecies. Further evidence is needed to answer why the structural heterozygosity exists so widely in the subspecies, and whether there is a relationship between this structural heterozygosity and ecological adaptation.
{"title":"A study on meiotic behaviour in Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii, Paeoniaceae","authors":"Shi-Quan Wang, Lin Su, Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.772499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.772499","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chromosomal meiotic behaviour in pollen mother cells (PMCs) of Paeonia anomala subsp. veitchii, endemic to China, was investigated in three natural populations represented by 14 individuals. Meiotic abnormalities including bridges, fragments and univalents occurred in all individuals. At metaphase I, mean chromosome configuration of each cell was 2n = 10 = 0.36 I + 4.82 II. Most of the chromosomes were ring bivalents, but some were rod bivalents or univalents. Pairing index ranged from 71.04 to 77.76%. Chromosome bridges, fragments, unequal separation and lagging chromosomes were observed both at anaphase I and telophase I. All individuals produced bridges/fragments (10.37% of PMCs on average) at anaphase I, which suggested that they were all heterozygotes for paracentric inversions. However, there were some variations among individuals in frequency of bridge occurrence and size of fragments, which indicated that many different inversions existed in this subspecies. Further evidence is needed to answer why the structural heterozygosity exists so widely in the subspecies, and whether there is a relationship between this structural heterozygosity and ecological adaptation.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"27 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.772499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59704855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.797366
L. Sanou, Jean-Louis Devineau, A. Fournier
Résumé Afin d’évaluer l’intérêt des sanctuaires boisés pour la conservation de la flore ligneuse au sein de l’aire culturelle bwaba dans l’Ouest burkinabé, leur recensement exhaustif a été réalisé dans le département de Bondoukuy. Les investigations portent sur la répartition spatiale des sanctuaires, leur distribution de taille, leur flore, la densité de régénération de leurs espèces végétales. Elles portent aussi sur la variabilité des richesses spécifiques ? ? en fonction de la taille des sanctuaires et en fonction des groupements phytosociologiques mis en évidence. Ces travaux montrent que les sanctuaires boisés du département de Bondoukuy s’apparentent aux forêts sèches soudaniennes à Anogeissus leiocarpa et Diospyros mespiliformis; ils apparaissent comme des lieux de conservation d’espèces sensibles aux feux. Ils sont situés à proximité des lieux d’habitation et sont par ailleurs sujets à l’invasion par le neem, Azadirachta indica, qui appauvrit la flore forestière indigène. La flore des sanctuaires boisés apparaît ainsi menacée par l’anthropisation et la fragmentation des milieux ainsi que par leur sensibilité aux espèces invasives.
{"title":"Groupements floristiques et capacité de régénération des espèces ligneuses des sanctuaires boisés dans l’aire culturelle bwaba (département de Bondoukuy, Ouest Burkinabé)","authors":"L. Sanou, Jean-Louis Devineau, A. Fournier","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.797366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.797366","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Afin d’évaluer l’intérêt des sanctuaires boisés pour la conservation de la flore ligneuse au sein de l’aire culturelle bwaba dans l’Ouest burkinabé, leur recensement exhaustif a été réalisé dans le département de Bondoukuy. Les investigations portent sur la répartition spatiale des sanctuaires, leur distribution de taille, leur flore, la densité de régénération de leurs espèces végétales. Elles portent aussi sur la variabilité des richesses spécifiques ? ? en fonction de la taille des sanctuaires et en fonction des groupements phytosociologiques mis en évidence. Ces travaux montrent que les sanctuaires boisés du département de Bondoukuy s’apparentent aux forêts sèches soudaniennes à Anogeissus leiocarpa et Diospyros mespiliformis; ils apparaissent comme des lieux de conservation d’espèces sensibles aux feux. Ils sont situés à proximité des lieux d’habitation et sont par ailleurs sujets à l’invasion par le neem, Azadirachta indica, qui appauvrit la flore forestière indigène. La flore des sanctuaires boisés apparaît ainsi menacée par l’anthropisation et la fragmentation des milieux ainsi que par leur sensibilité aux espèces invasives.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"160 1","pages":"102 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.797366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2012.758496
Rabéa Gaceb-Terrak, F. Rahmania
Résumé L’analyse des extraits méthanoliques de feuilles (folioles) du palmier dattier Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivar Takerbucht, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse CG-SM a permis de détecter vingt substances. Parmi ces molécules figurent deux sapogénines aglycones caractérisant les saponines stéroïdes: le (3β,25R)-spirost-5-èn-3-ol et le (3β,25R)-spirost-5-èn-3-ol acétate. Ces molécules présentent un squelette en C27 de type spirostane et sont respectivement connues sous les noms communs de diosgénine et acétate de yamogénine. Ces substances naturelles, biologiquement actives, constituent un enjeu majeur des sciences du vivant dans la mesure où elles ne présentent aucune toxicité et où elles pourraient être administrées à l’homme pour diverses affections graves. Elles présentent des intérêts multiples dans le domaine de la santé et pour les industries pharmaceutique et cosmétique. Leur valorisation et leur utilisation ultérieures dans le domaine industriel pourraient être envisagées.
摘要采用气相色谱- gc - sm质谱联用技术对枣棕榈(Phoenix dactylifera L.， Takerbucht)叶片(小叶)甲醇提取物进行分析，检测出20种物质。在这些分子中有两种具有甾体皂苷特征的苷元皂苷:(3β，25R)-spirost-5- en -3-ol和(3β，25R)-spirost-5- en -3-ol醋酸酯。这些分子具有螺旋烷型C27骨架，分别被称为薯蓣皂苷元和亚莫原醋酸酯。这些具有生物活性的天然物质是生命科学的一个主要问题，因为它们没有毒性，可以用于人类治疗各种严重疾病。他们在健康、制药和化妆品行业有许多利益。可以设想它们的进一步升级和工业用途。
{"title":"Détection et identification de saponines stéroïdes de type spirostane chez le palmier dattier Phœnix dactylifera L. (Arecaceae)","authors":"Rabéa Gaceb-Terrak, F. Rahmania","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2012.758496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2012.758496","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé L’analyse des extraits méthanoliques de feuilles (folioles) du palmier dattier Phoenix dactylifera L., cultivar Takerbucht, par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse CG-SM a permis de détecter vingt substances. Parmi ces molécules figurent deux sapogénines aglycones caractérisant les saponines stéroïdes: le (3β,25R)-spirost-5-èn-3-ol et le (3β,25R)-spirost-5-èn-3-ol acétate. Ces molécules présentent un squelette en C27 de type spirostane et sont respectivement connues sous les noms communs de diosgénine et acétate de yamogénine. Ces substances naturelles, biologiquement actives, constituent un enjeu majeur des sciences du vivant dans la mesure où elles ne présentent aucune toxicité et où elles pourraient être administrées à l’homme pour diverses affections graves. Elles présentent des intérêts multiples dans le domaine de la santé et pour les industries pharmaceutique et cosmétique. Leur valorisation et leur utilisation ultérieures dans le domaine industriel pourraient être envisagées.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"159 1","pages":"477 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2012.758496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59704673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2012.735124
G. Houeto, B. Fandohan, A. Ouédraogo, E. E. Ago, V. Salako, A. Assogbadjo, R. G. Glèlè Kakaï, B. Sinsin
Abstract A floristic and dendrometric analysis was carried out using 15 square plots of 1 ha each in the Belléfoungou forest reserve, located in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Benin. Species and diameter at breast height of trees were recorded. Multidimensional scaling and importance value index of species were used to identify vegetation types in the reserve: (1) Isoberlinia tomentosa-dominated vegetation type, (2) Isoberlinia doka and Burkea africana-dominated vegetation type and (3) Vitellaria paradoxa and Isoberlinia doka-dominated vegetation type. Significant differences were noted between the three vegetation types with respect to the basal area of trees. This varied from 8.55 m2/ha (vegetation type 3) to 13.36 m2/ha (vegetation type 2). The overall woody species richness was 57 species. The stem diameter structures of all three vegetation types showed an inverse “J” shape, suggesting that the study reserve has stable natural vegetation with relatively more young stems than large stems. Setting and implementation of a sustainable management plan, and supervision reinforcement were suggested to enable conservation of the Belléfoungou forest reserve.
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Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2012.750583
Marie Caroline Momo Solefack, Olivier Chabrerie, Emilie Gallet‐Moron, B. Nkongmeneck, O. Leumbe, G. Decocq
Résumé Les analyses, synchroniques ou diachroniques, des diversités taxonomique et phytocoenologique en paysages changeants et/ou fortement anthropisés requièrent une analyse de la dynamique d’occupation des sols. Nous présentons ici les apports de la télédétection et des modèles d’équations structurales (MES) à la description compréhensive de la dynamique des paysages. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser les changements d’occupation du sol sur le mont Oku (Cameroun) au cours des trente dernières années afin de quantifier la fragmentation de la forêt néphéliphile primaire et de préciser les facteurs favorisant sa régression. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé des images satellitaires Landsat prises entre 1978 et 2007 et modélisé l’influence des facteurs environnementaux (altitude, pente, densité humaine) sur la déforestation avec des MES. Entre 1978 et 2001, la forêt a perdu 62,1% de sa surface, soit 579 ha.an-1 en moyenne, quiont été majoritairement convertis en cultures sous la pression d’un doublement de la densité de population en 18 ans. Une stabilisation apparaît après 2001, liée à l’apparition de nombreux noyaux de forêt secondaire, d’où un couvert forestier en mosaïque, en 2007, composé à 66% de forêts secondaires et 34% de forêts anciennes, celles-ci continuant à régresser et à être dégradées par de nouvelles pratiques, comme le pâturage en forêt. Les conséquences en terme de conservation sont discutées.
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