Pub Date : 2023-04-01Epub Date: 2022-05-07DOI: 10.1007/s11135-022-01397-7
Michael Hennessy, Amy Bleakley, Morgan E Ellithorpe
Content analysis of traditional and social media has a central role in investigating features of media content, measuring media exposure, and calculating calculation of media effects. The reliability of content coding is usually evaluated using "Kappa-like" agreement measures, but these measures produce results that aggregate individual coder decisions, which obscure the performance of individual coders. Using a data set of 105 advertisements for sports and energy drinks media content coded by five coders, we demonstrate that Item Response Theory can track coder performance over time and give coder-specific information on the consistency of decisions over qualitatively coded objects. We conclude that IRT should be added to content analysts' tool kit of useful methodologies to track and measure content coders' performance.
{"title":"Evaluating and Tracking Qualitative Content Coder Performance Using Item Response Theory.","authors":"Michael Hennessy, Amy Bleakley, Morgan E Ellithorpe","doi":"10.1007/s11135-022-01397-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11135-022-01397-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Content analysis of traditional and social media has a central role in investigating features of media content, measuring media exposure, and calculating calculation of media effects. The reliability of content coding is usually evaluated using \"Kappa-like\" agreement measures, but these measures produce results that aggregate individual coder decisions, which obscure the performance of individual coders. Using a data set of 105 advertisements for sports and energy drinks media content coded by five coders, we demonstrate that Item Response Theory can track coder performance over time and give coder-specific information on the consistency of decisions over qualitatively coded objects. We conclude that IRT should be added to content analysts' tool kit of useful methodologies to track and measure content coders' performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"142 1","pages":"1231-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81715674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1099468
E. Véla, Roland Martin, R. Ouni
Abstract The studied taxon has been attached since its discovery in Tunisia to Ophrys migoutiana H. Gay, a plant described in Algeria, which remains little known to botanists. This was already a net progress, ending the historical confusion that mixed many taxa under the name “O. fusca”. However, the recent observation of the true O. migoutiana near Medea in Algeria allowed us to distinguish the Algerian and the Tunisian taxa, the latter being a priori not yet formally described. The Tunisian taxon shares some similarities with oriental taxa of the Ophrys cinereophila / Ophrys creberrima group, and is named here as a new species Ophrys pseudomigoutiana. Its phenotypic variability is illustrated by several photographs and colour plates with fresh dissected flowers. Its chorology in Tunisia is detailed and suggests that it could also be present in eastern Algeria.
摘要本研究的分类群自突尼斯发现以来一直归属于阿尔及利亚发现的一种植物Ophrys migoutiana H. Gay，植物学家对该植物知之甚少。这已经是一个净进步，结束了历史上许多分类群在“O”这个名字下混在一起的混乱。fusca”。然而，最近在阿尔及利亚美狄亚附近对真正的O. migoutiana的观察使我们能够区分阿尔及利亚和突尼斯分类群，后者是尚未正式描述的先验。突尼斯分类群与Ophrys cinereophila / Ophrys creberrima组的东方分类群有一些相似之处，本文将其命名为一个新种Ophrys pseudomigoutiana。它的表型变异性是由几张照片和彩色板与新鲜解剖的花说明。它在突尼斯的历史是详细的，并表明它也可能出现在阿尔及利亚东部。
{"title":"Ophrys pseudomigoutiana (Orchidaceae), a new species from Tunisia","authors":"E. Véla, Roland Martin, R. Ouni","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1099468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1099468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The studied taxon has been attached since its discovery in Tunisia to Ophrys migoutiana H. Gay, a plant described in Algeria, which remains little known to botanists. This was already a net progress, ending the historical confusion that mixed many taxa under the name “O. fusca”. However, the recent observation of the true O. migoutiana near Medea in Algeria allowed us to distinguish the Algerian and the Tunisian taxa, the latter being a priori not yet formally described. The Tunisian taxon shares some similarities with oriental taxa of the Ophrys cinereophila / Ophrys creberrima group, and is named here as a new species Ophrys pseudomigoutiana. Its phenotypic variability is illustrated by several photographs and colour plates with fresh dissected flowers. Its chorology in Tunisia is detailed and suggests that it could also be present in eastern Algeria.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"255 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1099468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1088470
A. Popiela, Andrzej Łysko, A. Molnár V., Z. Kącki, B. Lukács
Abstract Elatine triandra Schkuhr is the most variable and widespread species within the genus Elatine L.; it has been recorded in all continents, except Antarctica, but it is mainly located in Europe. The study is based on an extensive data set of European literature, herbaria and web data that covers the period 1828–2012. The range of the species in Europe is disjunctive, covering the southern and western parts of the Central European Plain and the southern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. At a smaller scale, the species can also be found along some river valleys. In Central Europe many localities, particularly isolated ones in the northern part of the range, are now only historical. From the data set we determined that E. triandra may be best observed between May and October. We found that species records show a near-significant shift since 1828. Depending on the environmental conditions, individuals of the taxon develop as one of two morphs: terrestrial or aquatic. The aquatic morph is characterized by stems, internodes, lamina and petiole that are twice as long as those of the terrestrial form. Elatine triandra seeds show consistent characteristics, both in terms of morphs and populations. Our studies show that the best diagnostic features, in addition to the construction of flowers, are the size, shape and surface structure of seeds. In Central Europe, E. triandra occurs exclusively in communities classified as Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea.
{"title":"Distribution, morphology and habitats of Elatine triandra (Elatinaceae) in Europe, with particular reference to the central part of the continent","authors":"A. Popiela, Andrzej Łysko, A. Molnár V., Z. Kącki, B. Lukács","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1088470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1088470","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Elatine triandra Schkuhr is the most variable and widespread species within the genus Elatine L.; it has been recorded in all continents, except Antarctica, but it is mainly located in Europe. The study is based on an extensive data set of European literature, herbaria and web data that covers the period 1828–2012. The range of the species in Europe is disjunctive, covering the southern and western parts of the Central European Plain and the southern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. At a smaller scale, the species can also be found along some river valleys. In Central Europe many localities, particularly isolated ones in the northern part of the range, are now only historical. From the data set we determined that E. triandra may be best observed between May and October. We found that species records show a near-significant shift since 1828. Depending on the environmental conditions, individuals of the taxon develop as one of two morphs: terrestrial or aquatic. The aquatic morph is characterized by stems, internodes, lamina and petiole that are twice as long as those of the terrestrial form. Elatine triandra seeds show consistent characteristics, both in terms of morphs and populations. Our studies show that the best diagnostic features, in addition to the construction of flowers, are the size, shape and surface structure of seeds. In Central Europe, E. triandra occurs exclusively in communities classified as Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"325 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1088470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1088793
F. Guzzon, J. Müller, T. Abeli, P. Cauzzi, N. M. Ardenghi, A. Balestrazzi, G. Rossi, S. Orsenigo
Abstract The genus Aegilops represents the secondary gene pool of wheat. A better understanding of the germination behaviour of Aegilops species is important to improve their use in breeding programmes and strengthen their in situ/ex situ conservation. In this study, we investigated the germination behaviour of nine Aegilops species, five of them not yet investigated, under two alternating and two constant temperatures. Seed germination was higher than 60% in all temperature treatments and species. Alternating temperatures promoted higher germination rates in all the species and significantly enhanced seed germination in three species (Aegilops biuncialis, Aegilops geniculata and Aegilops neglecta), in comparison with constant temperatures. One of the rarest and least productive species in the genus (Aegilops uniaristata) displayed the highest germination. This study suggests that different (seed) regeneration strategies/niches occur across Aegilops species.
{"title":"Germination requirements of nine European Aegilops species in relation to constant and alternating temperatures","authors":"F. Guzzon, J. Müller, T. Abeli, P. Cauzzi, N. M. Ardenghi, A. Balestrazzi, G. Rossi, S. Orsenigo","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1088793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1088793","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genus Aegilops represents the secondary gene pool of wheat. A better understanding of the germination behaviour of Aegilops species is important to improve their use in breeding programmes and strengthen their in situ/ex situ conservation. In this study, we investigated the germination behaviour of nine Aegilops species, five of them not yet investigated, under two alternating and two constant temperatures. Seed germination was higher than 60% in all temperature treatments and species. Alternating temperatures promoted higher germination rates in all the species and significantly enhanced seed germination in three species (Aegilops biuncialis, Aegilops geniculata and Aegilops neglecta), in comparison with constant temperatures. One of the rarest and least productive species in the genus (Aegilops uniaristata) displayed the highest germination. This study suggests that different (seed) regeneration strategies/niches occur across Aegilops species.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"349 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1088793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1099469
A. Mouly
Abstract The name Cyclophyllum memaoyaense Mouly is here validated by the citation of the holotype location.
摘要本文通过对全模定位的引用，验证了该植物的名称。
{"title":"Validation of the name Cyclophyllum memaoyaense, a rare species in New Caledonia","authors":"A. Mouly","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1099469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1099469","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The name Cyclophyllum memaoyaense Mouly is here validated by the citation of the holotype location.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"287 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1099469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1108867
G. Gheza
Abstract Very little is known of the earlier lichen flora of the Padanian Plain, the most heavily anthropized and industrialized part of Italy, which is currently extremely poor. Terricolous lichens in particular are the most sensitive to threats, and have almost totally disappeared from the western Padanian Plain. This paper reports new findings of 20 terricolous lichen species, several of which are rare or poorly known in Italy or are of some phytogeographical interest because they are found at lower altitudes than their usual distribution (i.e. Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia uncialis). In addition, Cladonia humilis is new for Lombardy and two other species, Cladonia portentosa and Stereocaulon condensatum, are reported for the second time in the same region. The significance of these species is discussed with regard to their historical records from the same area and their current altitudinal distribution; they were probably much more widespread in the past, but the decline and disappearance of their habitats in lowland areas have been followed by their own disappearance in many localities. A modification of the rarity status of some of these species in the considered phytoclimatic belts, based on the new records, is proposed.
{"title":"Terricolous lichens of the western Padanian Plain: new records of phytogeographical interest","authors":"G. Gheza","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1108867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1108867","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Very little is known of the earlier lichen flora of the Padanian Plain, the most heavily anthropized and industrialized part of Italy, which is currently extremely poor. Terricolous lichens in particular are the most sensitive to threats, and have almost totally disappeared from the western Padanian Plain. This paper reports new findings of 20 terricolous lichen species, several of which are rare or poorly known in Italy or are of some phytogeographical interest because they are found at lower altitudes than their usual distribution (i.e. Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia uncialis). In addition, Cladonia humilis is new for Lombardy and two other species, Cladonia portentosa and Stereocaulon condensatum, are reported for the second time in the same region. The significance of these species is discussed with regard to their historical records from the same area and their current altitudinal distribution; they were probably much more widespread in the past, but the decline and disappearance of their habitats in lowland areas have been followed by their own disappearance in many localities. A modification of the rarity status of some of these species in the considered phytoclimatic belts, based on the new records, is proposed.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"339 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1108867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1100549
Mirjam Metsare, Aigi Ilves, M. Haldna, T. Kull, Kadri Tali
Abstract The number of seeds is an indicator of plant fitness. We compared four quality measures – seed number, abortion, viability and germination. To test as wide a span of seed variability as possible, we cross-pollinated and self-pollinated one nectarless and one nectar-rewarding orchid species, assuming that nectariferous species should be more adapted to geitonogamous selfing than the cheating one and that seed quality should reflect that. Seed number for both species was lowest in selfed fruits. Viability and germination did not show any difference in deceptive Orchis militaris treatments, but the trend was different in rewarding Platanthera bifolia. Seed number and seed abortion correlated well as did viability and germination in vitro. This shows that these two stages are controlled by different mechanisms. Therefore, seed number or seed abortion rate alone cannot be proxies for reproductive output.
{"title":"Four seed-quality measures in orchids with different pollination systems","authors":"Mirjam Metsare, Aigi Ilves, M. Haldna, T. Kull, Kadri Tali","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1100549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1100549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The number of seeds is an indicator of plant fitness. We compared four quality measures – seed number, abortion, viability and germination. To test as wide a span of seed variability as possible, we cross-pollinated and self-pollinated one nectarless and one nectar-rewarding orchid species, assuming that nectariferous species should be more adapted to geitonogamous selfing than the cheating one and that seed quality should reflect that. Seed number for both species was lowest in selfed fruits. Viability and germination did not show any difference in deceptive Orchis militaris treatments, but the trend was different in rewarding Platanthera bifolia. Seed number and seed abortion correlated well as did viability and germination in vitro. This shows that these two stages are controlled by different mechanisms. Therefore, seed number or seed abortion rate alone cannot be proxies for reproductive output.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"263 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1100549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1108868
Bruno de Foucault
Abstract Within the framework of the prodromous of French vegetations, under the sponsorship of French Society of plant sociology, the author presents the Adiantetea capilli-veneris: declination at the European level, then presentation of cards by known association at the French level. Only one order is recognized, Adiantetalia capilli-veneris, with three alliances (Adiantion capilli-veneris, Pinguiculion longifoliae, and Polysticho setiferi – Phyllitidion scolopendrii). Some systematic structures are also defined which imply several species in Pinguicula, Primula, and Hypericum genera.
{"title":"Contribution au prodrome des végétations de France : les Adiantetea capilli-veneris Braun-Blanq. ex Braun-Blanq., Roussine & Nègre 1952","authors":"Bruno de Foucault","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1108868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1108868","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within the framework of the prodromous of French vegetations, under the sponsorship of French Society of plant sociology, the author presents the Adiantetea capilli-veneris: declination at the European level, then presentation of cards by known association at the French level. Only one order is recognized, Adiantetalia capilli-veneris, with three alliances (Adiantion capilli-veneris, Pinguiculion longifoliae, and Polysticho setiferi – Phyllitidion scolopendrii). Some systematic structures are also defined which imply several species in Pinguicula, Primula, and Hypericum genera.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"375 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1108868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1090329
M. Nobis, A. L. Ebel, A. Nowak, B. Paszko, A. Bobrov, Yury A. Kotukhov, A. Kupriyanov, A. Nobis, J. Zalewska-Gałosz, M. Olonova, F. Verloove, Wen-Li Chen, M. Kushunina, D. Kwolek, N. Lashchinskiy, R. Piwowarczyk, A. P. Sukhorukov, S. Nowak, V. Plášek, A. Pliszko
Abstract The paper presents new records for 20 vascular plant species from 13 Eurasian countries. Four taxa (Calamagrostis sichuanensis, Klasea dissecta, Ptilagrostis milleri and Stipa klimesii) are reported from China, four (Aconogonon valerii, Carex siderosticta, Poa tanfiljewii and Potamogeton × subobtusus) from Russia, three (Amorpha fruticosa, Carduus acanthoides and Plantago minuta) from Tajikistan, two (Achillea sergievskiana and Delphinium barlykense) from Kazakhstan, one (Calamagrostis effusiflora) from Bhutan and India, one (Campanula wolgensis) from Mongolia, one (Orobanche coerulescens) from Georgia, two (Dysphania geoffreyi and Ptilagrostis milleri) from Nepal, one (Stipa × alaica) from Afghanistan, one (Stipa × manrakica) from Kyrgyzstan, one (Ranunculus × gluckii) from Poland and one (Sporobolus cryptandrus) from Italy. Four of the taxa presented (Amorpha fruticosa, Carduus acanthoides, Carex siderosticta and Sporolobus cryptandrus) are regarded as alien to the studied areas, whereas the remaining 16 are native elements to the flora of the countries. For each species synonyms, general distribution, habitat preferences, taxonomy with remarks on recognition and differentiation of the species from the most similar taxa occurring in a given country, as well as a list of recorded localities (often far from the previously known areas) are presented. Based on the spikelet morphology, we have proposed in Ptilagrostis a new section Barkworthia M. Nobis, A. Nobis & A. Nowak, which comprises two species Ptilagrostis yadongensis and Ptilagrostris milleri, with distinctly unequal glumes, lemmas and paleas.
摘要本文报道了来自欧亚13个国家的20种维管植物的新记录。报告了中国的4个分类群(四川菖蒲、解剖菖蒲、细柄柄柄菖蒲和klimesii针茅)，俄罗斯的4个分类群(valononon valerii、Carex sideroticta、Poa tanfiljewii和Potamogeton xsubbobtusus)，塔吉克斯坦的3个分类群(紫穗槐、棘心菖蒲和车前草)，哈萨克斯坦的2个分类群(Achillea sergievskiana和bartago minutsa)，不丹和印度的1个分类群(Calamagrostis effusiflora)，蒙古的1个分类群(Campanula wolgensis)，蒙古的1个分类群(Campanula wolgensis)。格鲁吉亚1株(Orobanche coerulescens)，尼泊尔2株(Dysphania geoffreyi和Ptilagrostis milleri)，阿富汗1株(Stipa × alaica)，吉尔吉斯斯坦1株(Stipa × manrakica)，波兰1株(Ranunculus × gluckii)，意大利1株(Sporobolus cryptandrus)。其中4个分类群(紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、棘心(Carduus acanthoides)、毛豆(Carex siderosticta)和隐孢子虫(Sporolobus cryptandrus))被认为是外来物种，而其余16个分类群则是各国植物区系的原生元素。对于每个物种的近义词，一般分布，栖息地偏好，分类，以及在一个特定国家发生的最相似的分类群中对物种的识别和区分的评论，以及记录的地点列表(通常远离以前已知的地区)。基于小穗形态特征，我们在Ptilagrostis中提出了Barkworthia M. Nobis, a . Nobis & a . Nowak新科，该新科包括Ptilagrostis yadongensis和Ptilagrostris milleri两种，颖花、外稃和颖花明显不相等。
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Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1105148
E. Véla, J. Viglione
Since the publication of the last Lebanese and Syrian classical flora, the only complete work on Lebanese flora is an illustrated book based on the same taxonomy and nomenclature with a few exceptions and some additions. Specifically on the Lebanese orchids, one book has illustrated orchids in the field with an unusual taxonomic point of view. Several Euro-Mediterranean monographs propose a conflicting taxonomy that is not always useful in identifying living specimens. Several years of exploration throughout Lebanon allowed the authors to build considerable knowledge of the orchid flora and its taxonomy. Other works made on adjacent areas completed the investigations and provided some useful indications to build taxonomic understanding and compile a preliminary checklist of Orchidaceae. Historical nomenclature was reanalysed from a modern point of view; recent critical appellations were confronted with biogeography and integrative evolutionary taxonomy, and some poorly known taxa are highlighted and their taxonomy is reinvestigated. A total of 51 species and subspecies are listed for Lebanon. Two new chorological records for Lebanon (Epipactis helleborine “subsp. praecox” nom. provis.; Ophrys alasiatica) and four new nomenclatural combinations (Androrchis × ehdenica, Epipactis helleborine subsp. turcica, Ophrys episcopalis subsp. libanotica, Serapias vomeracea subsp. levantina) are presented. At least 14 taxa are regionally endemic, seven of which are limited to two border countries, the other seven being too poorly known for conclusions about their biogeography.
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