Pub Date : 2023-04-01Epub Date: 2022-05-07DOI: 10.1007/s11135-022-01397-7
Michael Hennessy, Amy Bleakley, Morgan E Ellithorpe
Content analysis of traditional and social media has a central role in investigating features of media content, measuring media exposure, and calculating calculation of media effects. The reliability of content coding is usually evaluated using "Kappa-like" agreement measures, but these measures produce results that aggregate individual coder decisions, which obscure the performance of individual coders. Using a data set of 105 advertisements for sports and energy drinks media content coded by five coders, we demonstrate that Item Response Theory can track coder performance over time and give coder-specific information on the consistency of decisions over qualitatively coded objects. We conclude that IRT should be added to content analysts' tool kit of useful methodologies to track and measure content coders' performance.
{"title":"Evaluating and Tracking Qualitative Content Coder Performance Using Item Response Theory.","authors":"Michael Hennessy, Amy Bleakley, Morgan E Ellithorpe","doi":"10.1007/s11135-022-01397-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11135-022-01397-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Content analysis of traditional and social media has a central role in investigating features of media content, measuring media exposure, and calculating calculation of media effects. The reliability of content coding is usually evaluated using \"Kappa-like\" agreement measures, but these measures produce results that aggregate individual coder decisions, which obscure the performance of individual coders. Using a data set of 105 advertisements for sports and energy drinks media content coded by five coders, we demonstrate that Item Response Theory can track coder performance over time and give coder-specific information on the consistency of decisions over qualitatively coded objects. We conclude that IRT should be added to content analysts' tool kit of useful methodologies to track and measure content coders' performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"142 1","pages":"1231-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81715674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1099468
E. Véla, Roland Martin, R. Ouni
Abstract The studied taxon has been attached since its discovery in Tunisia to Ophrys migoutiana H. Gay, a plant described in Algeria, which remains little known to botanists. This was already a net progress, ending the historical confusion that mixed many taxa under the name “O. fusca”. However, the recent observation of the true O. migoutiana near Medea in Algeria allowed us to distinguish the Algerian and the Tunisian taxa, the latter being a priori not yet formally described. The Tunisian taxon shares some similarities with oriental taxa of the Ophrys cinereophila / Ophrys creberrima group, and is named here as a new species Ophrys pseudomigoutiana. Its phenotypic variability is illustrated by several photographs and colour plates with fresh dissected flowers. Its chorology in Tunisia is detailed and suggests that it could also be present in eastern Algeria.
摘要本研究的分类群自突尼斯发现以来一直归属于阿尔及利亚发现的一种植物Ophrys migoutiana H. Gay，植物学家对该植物知之甚少。这已经是一个净进步，结束了历史上许多分类群在“O”这个名字下混在一起的混乱。fusca”。然而，最近在阿尔及利亚美狄亚附近对真正的O. migoutiana的观察使我们能够区分阿尔及利亚和突尼斯分类群，后者是尚未正式描述的先验。突尼斯分类群与Ophrys cinereophila / Ophrys creberrima组的东方分类群有一些相似之处，本文将其命名为一个新种Ophrys pseudomigoutiana。它的表型变异性是由几张照片和彩色板与新鲜解剖的花说明。它在突尼斯的历史是详细的，并表明它也可能出现在阿尔及利亚东部。
{"title":"Ophrys pseudomigoutiana (Orchidaceae), a new species from Tunisia","authors":"E. Véla, Roland Martin, R. Ouni","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1099468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1099468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The studied taxon has been attached since its discovery in Tunisia to Ophrys migoutiana H. Gay, a plant described in Algeria, which remains little known to botanists. This was already a net progress, ending the historical confusion that mixed many taxa under the name “O. fusca”. However, the recent observation of the true O. migoutiana near Medea in Algeria allowed us to distinguish the Algerian and the Tunisian taxa, the latter being a priori not yet formally described. The Tunisian taxon shares some similarities with oriental taxa of the Ophrys cinereophila / Ophrys creberrima group, and is named here as a new species Ophrys pseudomigoutiana. Its phenotypic variability is illustrated by several photographs and colour plates with fresh dissected flowers. Its chorology in Tunisia is detailed and suggests that it could also be present in eastern Algeria.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"255 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1099468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1088470
A. Popiela, Andrzej Łysko, A. Molnár V., Z. Kącki, B. Lukács
Abstract Elatine triandra Schkuhr is the most variable and widespread species within the genus Elatine L.; it has been recorded in all continents, except Antarctica, but it is mainly located in Europe. The study is based on an extensive data set of European literature, herbaria and web data that covers the period 1828–2012. The range of the species in Europe is disjunctive, covering the southern and western parts of the Central European Plain and the southern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. At a smaller scale, the species can also be found along some river valleys. In Central Europe many localities, particularly isolated ones in the northern part of the range, are now only historical. From the data set we determined that E. triandra may be best observed between May and October. We found that species records show a near-significant shift since 1828. Depending on the environmental conditions, individuals of the taxon develop as one of two morphs: terrestrial or aquatic. The aquatic morph is characterized by stems, internodes, lamina and petiole that are twice as long as those of the terrestrial form. Elatine triandra seeds show consistent characteristics, both in terms of morphs and populations. Our studies show that the best diagnostic features, in addition to the construction of flowers, are the size, shape and surface structure of seeds. In Central Europe, E. triandra occurs exclusively in communities classified as Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea.
{"title":"Distribution, morphology and habitats of Elatine triandra (Elatinaceae) in Europe, with particular reference to the central part of the continent","authors":"A. Popiela, Andrzej Łysko, A. Molnár V., Z. Kącki, B. Lukács","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1088470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1088470","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Elatine triandra Schkuhr is the most variable and widespread species within the genus Elatine L.; it has been recorded in all continents, except Antarctica, but it is mainly located in Europe. The study is based on an extensive data set of European literature, herbaria and web data that covers the period 1828–2012. The range of the species in Europe is disjunctive, covering the southern and western parts of the Central European Plain and the southern part of the Fennoscandian Shield. At a smaller scale, the species can also be found along some river valleys. In Central Europe many localities, particularly isolated ones in the northern part of the range, are now only historical. From the data set we determined that E. triandra may be best observed between May and October. We found that species records show a near-significant shift since 1828. Depending on the environmental conditions, individuals of the taxon develop as one of two morphs: terrestrial or aquatic. The aquatic morph is characterized by stems, internodes, lamina and petiole that are twice as long as those of the terrestrial form. Elatine triandra seeds show consistent characteristics, both in terms of morphs and populations. Our studies show that the best diagnostic features, in addition to the construction of flowers, are the size, shape and surface structure of seeds. In Central Europe, E. triandra occurs exclusively in communities classified as Isoëto-Nano-Juncetea.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"325 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1088470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1088793
F. Guzzon, J. Müller, T. Abeli, P. Cauzzi, N. M. Ardenghi, A. Balestrazzi, G. Rossi, S. Orsenigo
Abstract The genus Aegilops represents the secondary gene pool of wheat. A better understanding of the germination behaviour of Aegilops species is important to improve their use in breeding programmes and strengthen their in situ/ex situ conservation. In this study, we investigated the germination behaviour of nine Aegilops species, five of them not yet investigated, under two alternating and two constant temperatures. Seed germination was higher than 60% in all temperature treatments and species. Alternating temperatures promoted higher germination rates in all the species and significantly enhanced seed germination in three species (Aegilops biuncialis, Aegilops geniculata and Aegilops neglecta), in comparison with constant temperatures. One of the rarest and least productive species in the genus (Aegilops uniaristata) displayed the highest germination. This study suggests that different (seed) regeneration strategies/niches occur across Aegilops species.
{"title":"Germination requirements of nine European Aegilops species in relation to constant and alternating temperatures","authors":"F. Guzzon, J. Müller, T. Abeli, P. Cauzzi, N. M. Ardenghi, A. Balestrazzi, G. Rossi, S. Orsenigo","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1088793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1088793","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genus Aegilops represents the secondary gene pool of wheat. A better understanding of the germination behaviour of Aegilops species is important to improve their use in breeding programmes and strengthen their in situ/ex situ conservation. In this study, we investigated the germination behaviour of nine Aegilops species, five of them not yet investigated, under two alternating and two constant temperatures. Seed germination was higher than 60% in all temperature treatments and species. Alternating temperatures promoted higher germination rates in all the species and significantly enhanced seed germination in three species (Aegilops biuncialis, Aegilops geniculata and Aegilops neglecta), in comparison with constant temperatures. One of the rarest and least productive species in the genus (Aegilops uniaristata) displayed the highest germination. This study suggests that different (seed) regeneration strategies/niches occur across Aegilops species.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"349 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1088793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1099469
A. Mouly
Abstract The name Cyclophyllum memaoyaense Mouly is here validated by the citation of the holotype location.
摘要本文通过对全模定位的引用，验证了该植物的名称。
{"title":"Validation of the name Cyclophyllum memaoyaense, a rare species in New Caledonia","authors":"A. Mouly","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1099469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1099469","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The name Cyclophyllum memaoyaense Mouly is here validated by the citation of the holotype location.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"287 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1099469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1108867
G. Gheza
Abstract Very little is known of the earlier lichen flora of the Padanian Plain, the most heavily anthropized and industrialized part of Italy, which is currently extremely poor. Terricolous lichens in particular are the most sensitive to threats, and have almost totally disappeared from the western Padanian Plain. This paper reports new findings of 20 terricolous lichen species, several of which are rare or poorly known in Italy or are of some phytogeographical interest because they are found at lower altitudes than their usual distribution (i.e. Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia uncialis). In addition, Cladonia humilis is new for Lombardy and two other species, Cladonia portentosa and Stereocaulon condensatum, are reported for the second time in the same region. The significance of these species is discussed with regard to their historical records from the same area and their current altitudinal distribution; they were probably much more widespread in the past, but the decline and disappearance of their habitats in lowland areas have been followed by their own disappearance in many localities. A modification of the rarity status of some of these species in the considered phytoclimatic belts, based on the new records, is proposed.
{"title":"Terricolous lichens of the western Padanian Plain: new records of phytogeographical interest","authors":"G. Gheza","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1108867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1108867","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Very little is known of the earlier lichen flora of the Padanian Plain, the most heavily anthropized and industrialized part of Italy, which is currently extremely poor. Terricolous lichens in particular are the most sensitive to threats, and have almost totally disappeared from the western Padanian Plain. This paper reports new findings of 20 terricolous lichen species, several of which are rare or poorly known in Italy or are of some phytogeographical interest because they are found at lower altitudes than their usual distribution (i.e. Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia uncialis). In addition, Cladonia humilis is new for Lombardy and two other species, Cladonia portentosa and Stereocaulon condensatum, are reported for the second time in the same region. The significance of these species is discussed with regard to their historical records from the same area and their current altitudinal distribution; they were probably much more widespread in the past, but the decline and disappearance of their habitats in lowland areas have been followed by their own disappearance in many localities. A modification of the rarity status of some of these species in the considered phytoclimatic belts, based on the new records, is proposed.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"339 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1108867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1100549
Mirjam Metsare, Aigi Ilves, M. Haldna, T. Kull, Kadri Tali
Abstract The number of seeds is an indicator of plant fitness. We compared four quality measures – seed number, abortion, viability and germination. To test as wide a span of seed variability as possible, we cross-pollinated and self-pollinated one nectarless and one nectar-rewarding orchid species, assuming that nectariferous species should be more adapted to geitonogamous selfing than the cheating one and that seed quality should reflect that. Seed number for both species was lowest in selfed fruits. Viability and germination did not show any difference in deceptive Orchis militaris treatments, but the trend was different in rewarding Platanthera bifolia. Seed number and seed abortion correlated well as did viability and germination in vitro. This shows that these two stages are controlled by different mechanisms. Therefore, seed number or seed abortion rate alone cannot be proxies for reproductive output.
{"title":"Four seed-quality measures in orchids with different pollination systems","authors":"Mirjam Metsare, Aigi Ilves, M. Haldna, T. Kull, Kadri Tali","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1100549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1100549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The number of seeds is an indicator of plant fitness. We compared four quality measures – seed number, abortion, viability and germination. To test as wide a span of seed variability as possible, we cross-pollinated and self-pollinated one nectarless and one nectar-rewarding orchid species, assuming that nectariferous species should be more adapted to geitonogamous selfing than the cheating one and that seed quality should reflect that. Seed number for both species was lowest in selfed fruits. Viability and germination did not show any difference in deceptive Orchis militaris treatments, but the trend was different in rewarding Platanthera bifolia. Seed number and seed abortion correlated well as did viability and germination in vitro. This shows that these two stages are controlled by different mechanisms. Therefore, seed number or seed abortion rate alone cannot be proxies for reproductive output.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"263 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1100549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1108868
Bruno de Foucault
Abstract Within the framework of the prodromous of French vegetations, under the sponsorship of French Society of plant sociology, the author presents the Adiantetea capilli-veneris: declination at the European level, then presentation of cards by known association at the French level. Only one order is recognized, Adiantetalia capilli-veneris, with three alliances (Adiantion capilli-veneris, Pinguiculion longifoliae, and Polysticho setiferi – Phyllitidion scolopendrii). Some systematic structures are also defined which imply several species in Pinguicula, Primula, and Hypericum genera.
{"title":"Contribution au prodrome des végétations de France : les Adiantetea capilli-veneris Braun-Blanq. ex Braun-Blanq., Roussine & Nègre 1952","authors":"Bruno de Foucault","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1108868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1108868","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within the framework of the prodromous of French vegetations, under the sponsorship of French Society of plant sociology, the author presents the Adiantetea capilli-veneris: declination at the European level, then presentation of cards by known association at the French level. Only one order is recognized, Adiantetalia capilli-veneris, with three alliances (Adiantion capilli-veneris, Pinguiculion longifoliae, and Polysticho setiferi – Phyllitidion scolopendrii). Some systematic structures are also defined which imply several species in Pinguicula, Primula, and Hypericum genera.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"375 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1108868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1105148
E. Véla, J. Viglione
Since the publication of the last Lebanese and Syrian classical flora, the only complete work on Lebanese flora is an illustrated book based on the same taxonomy and nomenclature with a few exceptions and some additions. Specifically on the Lebanese orchids, one book has illustrated orchids in the field with an unusual taxonomic point of view. Several Euro-Mediterranean monographs propose a conflicting taxonomy that is not always useful in identifying living specimens. Several years of exploration throughout Lebanon allowed the authors to build considerable knowledge of the orchid flora and its taxonomy. Other works made on adjacent areas completed the investigations and provided some useful indications to build taxonomic understanding and compile a preliminary checklist of Orchidaceae. Historical nomenclature was reanalysed from a modern point of view; recent critical appellations were confronted with biogeography and integrative evolutionary taxonomy, and some poorly known taxa are highlighted and their taxonomy is reinvestigated. A total of 51 species and subspecies are listed for Lebanon. Two new chorological records for Lebanon (Epipactis helleborine “subsp. praecox” nom. provis.; Ophrys alasiatica) and four new nomenclatural combinations (Androrchis × ehdenica, Epipactis helleborine subsp. turcica, Ophrys episcopalis subsp. libanotica, Serapias vomeracea subsp. levantina) are presented. At least 14 taxa are regionally endemic, seven of which are limited to two border countries, the other seven being too poorly known for conclusions about their biogeography.
{"title":"Recent inputs to the Lebanese orchid flora and proposal of a national checklist for Orchidaceae family","authors":"E. Véla, J. Viglione","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1105148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1105148","url":null,"abstract":"Since the publication of the last Lebanese and Syrian classical flora, the only complete work on Lebanese flora is an illustrated book based on the same taxonomy and nomenclature with a few exceptions and some additions. Specifically on the Lebanese orchids, one book has illustrated orchids in the field with an unusual taxonomic point of view. Several Euro-Mediterranean monographs propose a conflicting taxonomy that is not always useful in identifying living specimens. Several years of exploration throughout Lebanon allowed the authors to build considerable knowledge of the orchid flora and its taxonomy. Other works made on adjacent areas completed the investigations and provided some useful indications to build taxonomic understanding and compile a preliminary checklist of Orchidaceae. Historical nomenclature was reanalysed from a modern point of view; recent critical appellations were confronted with biogeography and integrative evolutionary taxonomy, and some poorly known taxa are highlighted and their taxonomy is reinvestigated. A total of 51 species and subspecies are listed for Lebanon. Two new chorological records for Lebanon (Epipactis helleborine “subsp. praecox” nom. provis.; Ophrys alasiatica) and four new nomenclatural combinations (Androrchis × ehdenica, Epipactis helleborine subsp. turcica, Ophrys episcopalis subsp. libanotica, Serapias vomeracea subsp. levantina) are presented. At least 14 taxa are regionally endemic, seven of which are limited to two border countries, the other seven being too poorly known for conclusions about their biogeography.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"271 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1105148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2015.1106683
S. Wagner, E. Dodinet, M. Selosse
The International Conference about Temperate Orchids Research and Conservation (TORC’15) was held on the island of Samos, Greece, from 14 to 18 April 2015. It was organized by the Sails-For-Science Foundation (a non-profit organization based in Germany, promoting a sustainable balance between nature and society for small island communities worldwide) under a sponsorship by the Société Botanique de France and several other societies. In this issue, we publish three papers spanning from this international meeting. The plant family Orchidaceae emerged on our planet 112 million years ago branching out to over 25,000 species with compatible populations of dazzling diversity comprising almost 8% of all vascular plants, unlike any other plant family (Pridgeon et al. 2001–2014). Their resilience to extremes reaches from tropical abundance to remote places in high latitudes and from sea level to high altitudes into the upper limit of continuous vegetation, with colonization of outstanding niches such as epiphytic habitats or heterotrophic nutrition in forests (Givnish et al. 2015). Moreover, they display tight interactions, sometimes mutualistic, sometimes parasitic, with their associated pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi (Selosse 2014). Why did this angiosperm family become so dominant during the race for the tree of life? What innovative mechanisms, behaviours and physiological processes have made its conquest so successful? Although a number of intriguing phenomena of the orchid life cycle, relating to mycorrhiza, pollination, epiphytism, crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), among others, has been unveiled, vast gaps in understanding of this success story of ecology and evolution remain. (A) On the molecular level, what are the physiological modes of action of the orchid plant itself and its choices for a thriving environment in respect to the geochemical, microbiota, embryophyta, insect and herbivore cross-signalling? (B) On the ecological level, what networks of co-evolutionary processes and which implications from abiotic change alter the homeostasis of orchid populations? Land abandonment for economic reasons and global climate change are the assumed main factors for the change or even the irretrievable decline of orchid biodiversity (e.g. Robbirt et al. 2014). The greatest challenge facing anybody interested in these charismatic plants is the vanishing of valuable orchid species in human-sculpted landscapes (Swarts, and Dixon 2009). Europe has now less than 1% land remaining in intact wilderness vegetation (Gillespie 2013). In Australia alone, 25% of the global orchid biodiversity has disappeared. Valuable secondary metabolites of orchids providing original potentials as therapeutics may be lost forever. (C) Therefore, the application of orchid research for their conservation needs to become mainstream. Only concerted interdisciplinary research and the involvement of the general public, starting with the orchid enthusiasts, all united by the passio
2015年4月14日至18日，温带兰花研究与保护国际会议(TORC’15)在希腊萨摩斯岛举行。它是由Sails-For-Science基金会(一个总部设在德国的非营利组织，促进全世界小岛屿社区在自然与社会之间的可持续平衡)在法国植物学会和其他几个学会的赞助下组织的。在本期中，我们发表了三篇关于这次国际会议的论文。兰科植物家族在1.12亿年前出现在我们的星球上，分支出超过25,000种，具有令人眼花缭乱的多样性，几乎占所有维管植物的8%，不像任何其他植物家族(Pridgeon et al. 2001-2014)。从丰富的热带到高纬度的偏远地区，从海平面到高海拔，再到连续植被的上限，它们对极端环境的适应能力达到了极限，并在森林中定植了出色的生态位，如附生栖息地或异养营养(Givnish et al. 2015)。此外，它们与相关的传粉媒介和菌根真菌表现出紧密的相互作用，有时是互惠的，有时是寄生的(Selosse 2014)。为什么这个被子植物家族在生命之树的竞争中占据如此大的优势?是什么创新机制、行为和生理过程使它的征服如此成功?尽管兰花生命周期中许多有趣的现象，包括菌根、授粉、附生、天冬酸代谢(CAM)等，已经被揭示出来，但对这一生态学和进化的成功故事的理解仍然存在巨大差距。(A)在分子水平上，在地球化学、微生物群、胚胎群、昆虫和草食动物的交叉信号方面，兰花植物本身的生理作用模式和对繁荣环境的选择是什么?(B)在生态水平上，哪些共同进化过程的网络和非生物变化的哪些影响改变了兰花种群的动态平衡?经济原因导致的土地荒废和全球气候变化被认为是导致兰花生物多样性变化甚至不可挽回的下降的主要因素(例如robert et al. 2014)。对这些有魅力的植物感兴趣的人面临的最大挑战是，在人类雕刻的景观中，珍贵的兰花物种正在消失(Swarts, and Dixon, 2009)。欧洲现在只有不到1%的土地保留完整的荒野植被(Gillespie 2013)。仅在澳大利亚，全球25%的兰花生物多样性已经消失。兰花中具有原始治疗潜力的次生代谢产物可能永远丢失。(C)因此，兰花保护研究应用需要成为主流。只有跨学科的协同研究和公众的参与，从兰花爱好者开始，所有人都对这一花卉家族充满热情，才能加深我们的理解。这次会议的目的是为这一多样化的人群提供一个令人兴奋的论坛，并解决上述基石(a)， (B)和(C)。来自五大洲30多个国家的植物学家，生物学家，保护主义者，化学家，生态学家，药剂师，遗传学家，兰花学家和其他人聚集在萨莫斯岛，在七个会议上贡献了最前沿的科学:(i)希腊和世界兰花区系的更新，(ii)系统学和群体遗传学，(iii)菌根研究，(iv)授粉，花的欺骗和繁殖成功，(v)民族植物学和繁殖，(vi)种群动态和决定因素，以及(vii)保护。萨摩斯岛位于小亚细亚附近的一个群岛中。岛上的这些生物地理条件维持了大量的兰花分类群，特别是在Ophrys属(见下面的列表)。会议包括在岛上开花季节对迷人的植物群进行广泛的实地考察。会议的成功与否取决于会议的结果。刺激和欢乐的环境加强了现有的合作，并在全球范围内启动了许多新的研究和保护计划。举几个例子，目前正在建立一个迫切需要的欧洲兰花保护中心，以经验为基础，并与北美兰花保护中心等其他大陆保护中心协调。爱琴海和小亚细亚地区密切相关的兰花种群正遭受巨大的栖息地破坏，特别是由于传统salep的不可持续生产。这次会议的结果是，来自希腊、德国和土耳其的几个研究和保护组织组成了一个联盟，并与国际兰花保护协会制定了一个国际兰花保护计划
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