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ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (Cornus mas L.) FROM MONTENEGRO 山茱萸的抗氧化潜力从黑山
4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/169374
Nada Blagojevic, Mara Kandic, Vesna Vukasinovic Pesic, Snezana Brasanac Vukanovic, Vanja Tadic, Dragica Bojovic
Abstract: In this work, total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanins, the antioxidant capacity (by the DPPH and FRAP method) were determined in the juice and pomice of cornelian cherry from the area of Montenegro. Also, content of microelements and macroelements in the juice, pomice and fruit of cornelian cherry were investigated. In the studied cornelian cherry samples, the content of phenols ranged from 159.57 to 244.93 mg GAE/100 g, flavonoids from 71.74 to 165.5 mg QE/100 g, tannins from 0.33 to 0.81 %, total anthocyanins 0.057-0.310 %. HPLC analysis identified anthocyanins: delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonin-3-O-glucoside and its derivative. The most abundant essential microelement in the studied cornelian cherry samples was Fe (23.44-37.69 mg/kg), followed by Zn (3.14-6.25 mg/kg), Cu (1.50-1.80 mg/kg) and Mn (0.58-0.78 mg/kg). The most abundant essential macroelement in the examined samples was K (2427.8-3276.2 mg/kg), followed by Ca (361.5-475.7), Mg (95.41-146.5 mg/kg) and Na (8.347-16.59 mg/kg). Pb, Cd and Ni were not detected in the tested samples. A high degree of correlation was obtained between the content of total flavonoids and antioxidant value measured by the FRAP method (R = 0.96), as well as between the content of total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH method (R = 0.89). Of individual anthocyanins, high correlation values were shown by cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (R = 0.96), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (R = 0.95) and pelargonin-3-O-glucoside (R = 0.94) with antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH method.
摘要:本研究采用DPPH法和FRAP法测定了黑山地区山药樱桃汁和果渣中总酚、总黄酮、单宁、花青素和抗氧化能力。并对山茱萸果汁、果渣和果实中微量元素和大量元素的含量进行了研究。山茱萸中酚类含量为159.57 ~ 244.93 mg QE/100 g,黄酮类含量为71.74 ~ 165.5 mg QE/100 g,单宁含量为0.33 ~ 0.81%,总花青素含量为0.057 ~ 0.310%。HPLC分析鉴定花青素:飞燕草苷-3- o -葡萄糖苷、花青素-3- o -半乳糖苷、花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷、天竺葵苷-3- o -葡萄糖苷及其衍生物。山茱萸样品中必需微量元素含量最高的是铁(23.44 ~ 37.69 mg/kg),其次是锌(3.14 ~ 6.25 mg/kg)、铜(1.50 ~ 1.80 mg/kg)和锰(0.58 ~ 0.78 mg/kg)。微量元素含量最高的是K (2427.8 ~ 3276.2 mg/kg),其次是Ca (361.5 ~ 475.7 mg/kg)、mg (95.41 ~ 146.5 mg/kg)和Na (8.347 ~ 16.59 mg/kg)。样品中未检出铅、镉和镍。FRAP法测定的总黄酮含量与抗氧化值呈高度相关(R = 0.96), DPPH法测定的总花青素含量与抗氧化活性呈高度相关(R = 0.89)。单种花青素中,花青素-3- o -半乳糖苷(R = 0.96)、花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷(R = 0.95)和天竺葵-3- o -葡萄糖苷(R = 0.94)与DPPH法测定的抗氧化活性具有较高的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Protective effect of the extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the kidney: A study in an in vivo experimental model 黑桫椤浆果提取物对镉诱导的肾脏氧化应激的保护作用:体内实验模型研究
4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/169782
Małgorzata Michalina Brzóska, Nazar Michał Smereczański, Joanna Rogalska
The destructive impact of cadmium (Cd) on the oxidative/antioxidative status of the kidney, as well as the possible beneficial effect of co-administration of a 0.1% aqueous extract from Aronia melanocarpa L. berries (AM), were studied in a rat model of low-level and moderate general population exposure to this heavy metal (1 and 5 mg Cd/kg feed, respectively, for up to 24 months). Total antioxidative status (TAS) of the kidney and the main indices of the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione and thioredoxin) antioxidative barrier were assessed. The total oxidative status (TOS) and concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, and oxidized glutathione were measured as markers of oxidative status. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated (TOS/TAS) to estimate the intensity of oxidative stress in the kidney. The exposure to Cd, dose- and duration-dependently, weakened the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative potential of the kidney leading to a decrease in its TAS, as well as enhanced oxidative status of this organ resulting in the development of oxidative stress. The administration of AM during the low-level and moderate intoxication with Cd significantly protected from this xenobiotic-induced disruption of the oxidative/antioxidative balance and development of oxidative stress in the kidney. In summary, even low-level long-term exposure to Cd may result in the occurrence of oxidative stress in the kidney, whereas supplementation with chokeberry products may improve the oxidative/antioxidative balance preventing oxidative stress in this organ.
研究了镉(Cd)对肾脏氧化/抗氧化状态的破坏性影响,以及同时服用0.1%黑栎莓(AM)水提取物可能产生的有益作用,在低水平和中等水平暴露于这种重金属的大鼠模型中(分别为1和5 mg Cd/kg饲料,长达24个月)。评估肾脏总抗氧化状态(TAS)及酶促(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)和非酶促(还原性谷胱甘肽和硫氧还蛋白)抗氧化屏障的主要指标。测定总氧化状态(TOS)和过氧化氢、黄嘌呤氧化酶、髓过氧化物酶和氧化谷胱甘肽的浓度作为氧化状态的标志。通过计算氧化应激指数(TOS/TAS)来估计肾脏氧化应激的强度。暴露于Cd(剂量依赖性和持续时间依赖性)会削弱肾脏的酶促和非酶促抗氧化潜能,导致其TAS降低,并增强该器官的氧化状态,导致氧化应激的发展。在低水平和中度镉中毒期间,AM的施用显著地保护了这种外源性诱导的氧化/抗氧化平衡的破坏和肾脏氧化应激的发展。总之,即使长期低水平暴露于Cd也可能导致肾脏氧化应激的发生,而补充蔓越莓产品可以改善氧化/抗氧化平衡,防止肾脏氧化应激。
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引用次数: 0
Additional degradants in the impurity profile of atropine low-dose ophthalmic solution 阿托品低剂量眼科溶液杂质谱中的附加降解物
4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/169907
Ewelina Cebulska, Katarzyna Malik, Kamila Czarnecka, Paweł Szymański
WHO has identified the increase in myopia as the world's greatest threat to vision health due to its association with vision-threatening complications like myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment, cataract and open angle glaucoma. Pharmacological treatment with atropine is assessed as one of the best option in op-tical approaches to the control and inhibit of myopia progression. The aim of this study was to develop analytical method for quality control of 0.1 mg/mL atropine ophthalmic solution. UPLC analytical method for simultaneous determination of atropine sulfate monohydrate and its related substances described in Eur. Ph. and for additional impurities was developed. For method development low-dose of atropine formulations with a wide range of pH 4.5-6.6 were tested and the impact of formulation pH on the impurity profile was noted. The ionized form of tropic acid was observed in our studies in all buffered formulations with pH above 5. Additionally two isomers of atropine N-oxide were observed in the tested preparation with pH 6.6 in the presence of an oxidizing agent and were just possible to integrate with our new developed UPLC method. The ionized form of tropic acid was already defined in Berton et al. publication (1) and observed in the buffered formulation with pH 6.0. Our result complement and extend the impurity profile of atropine in wider pH range of atropine ophthalmic solutions.
世卫组织已将近视的增加确定为世界上对视力健康的最大威胁,因为它与近视黄斑变性、视网膜脱离、白内障和开角型青光眼等视力威胁并发症有关。阿托品的药物治疗被认为是控制和抑制近视进展的最佳选择之一。建立0.1 mg/mL阿托品眼液的质量控制方法。UPLC同时测定一水硫酸阿托品及其有关物质的方法。ph和额外的杂质被开发。为了开发方法,测试了pH范围为4.5-6.6的低剂量阿托品配方,并注意了配方pH对杂质谱的影响。在我们的研究中,在pH值高于5的所有缓冲配方中观察到热带酸的电离形式。此外,在pH为6.6的测试制剂中,在氧化剂的存在下,观察到阿托品n -氧化物的两个异构体,并且正好可以与我们新开发的UPLC方法相结合。在Berton等人的出版物(1)中已经定义了热带酸的电离形式,并在pH为6.0的缓冲配方中观察到。我们的结果补充和扩展了阿托品在更大pH范围内的眼科溶液的杂质谱。
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引用次数: 0
GC-MS evaluation of the essential oils from the newly developed cultivars of Satureja montana grown in southern Ukraine 气相色谱-质谱法评价乌克兰南部新开发的蒙大拿Satureja栽培品种的精油
4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/169373
Katarzyna Pokajewicz, Mariia Shanaida, Nataliia Hudz, Liudmyla Svydenko, Oksana Yezerska, Piotr Pawieł Wieczorek, Jacek Lipok
Satureja montana L. is widely used in traditional medicine and culinary. New varieties of this species are created and grown with different purposes. The essential oil (EsO) samples were obtained from the fresh flowering shoots of four new Ukrainian cultivars of S. montana: 'Krymski smaragd', 'Lunata', '697-1', and 'N3-18'. The EsO of cultivars ''Lunata' and 'Krymski smaragd' were studied in two following harvest years (2019 and 2020). The EsO samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). More than 60 components were identified in the studied EsO. Carvacrol was the principal component of all the samples (58.3-87.0% (as GC-MS relative abundances). p-Cymene was the second predominant component (5.0–8.8%) in the EsO of all the cultivars collected in the 2020 year, while cultivars ''Lunata' and 'Krymski smaragd' gathered in 2019 contained it in much fewer amounts (1.7% and 0.5%, respectively). γ-Terpinene was the third main component of EsO of the most studied varieties (0.9% to 6.6%). Only cultivar 'N697-1' contained carvacrol methyl ether at a significant level (11.7%). All the tested samples met the requirements of International Standard Organization (ISO) 79284:1991(E), supposing that the qualitative composition of the S. montana EsO should comprise the following main constituents: γ-terpinene, p-cymene, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, and carvacrol. It can be concluded that we dealt with the carvacrol chemotypes of S. montana. It was also revealed that growth year influenced the EsO composition of 'Krymski smaragd' and 'Lunata' cultivars. Our results afforded to compare the EsO of the S. montana new cultivars
Satureja montana L.被广泛用于传统医学和烹饪。这个物种的新品种被创造出来,并以不同的目的生长。精油(EsO)样品取自4个乌克兰蒙大拿新栽培品种:‘Krymski smaragd’、‘Lunata’、‘697-1’和‘N3-18’。研究了“Lunata”和“Krymski smaragd”两个品种在收获后的两个年份(2019年和2020年)的EsO。EsO样品采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析。在所研究的EsO中鉴定出60多种成分。Carvacrol是所有样品的主成分(58.3-87.0% (GC-MS相对丰度))。2020年采收品种对伞花花的EsO含量为第二大成分(5.0 ~ 8.8%),而2019年采收品种“Lunata”和“Krymski smaragd”的EsO含量较低(分别为1.7%和0.5%)。γ-松油烯是研究品种EsO的第三大主要成分(0.9% ~ 6.6%)。只有品种‘N697-1’的香芹酚甲醚含量达到显著水平(11.7%)。所有被测样品均符合国际标准组织(ISO) 79284:1991(E)的要求,假设S. montana EsO的定性组成应包括以下主要成分:γ-萜烯、对花香烃、芳樟醇、萜烯-4-醇和香芹酚。可以得出结论,我们处理了蒙大拿葡萄的香芹酚化学型。生长年份也影响了‘Krymski smaragd’和‘Lunata’品种的EsO组成。我们的研究结果为比较蒙大拿葡萄新品种的EsO提供了依据
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引用次数: 0
Studies on the formulation and functionality of an innovative line of topical products for atopic skin 特应性皮肤局部产品创新系列的配方和功能研究
4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/170202
Joanna Matysiak, Natalia Rzetecka, Weronika Klimczak, Bożena Michniak-Kohn, Jan Matysiak, Daria Szymanowska
Dermocosmetics are products intended for sensitive and problematic skin. They are a good solution for additional care of skin affected by conditions such as atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, or for couperose skin. The compounds of particular importance in the care of atopic skin include ceramides, ectoine, hyaluronic acid, vitamins A and E, as well as natural vegetable oils. The aim of this work was to develop a qualitative and quantitative approach and to investigate the characteristics of formulations such as a face cream, a topical cream, a body lotion, and a cleansing foam, dedicated to patients with atopic dermatitis. The newly developed cosmetic formulations showed good physical and chemical characteristics, typical of this type of product. They were also structurally and microbiologically stable during storage at various temperatures. Dermatological tests did not reveal any irritating or allergenic properties. The best data were obtained for the face cream, namely improvement of skin hydration by 21.88%, reduction of transepidermal water loss by 15.86%, alleviation of erythema by 15.77%, and of skin sensitivity by 17.20%. This work resulted in the preparation of innovative dermocosmetics to be used for atopic skin. The cosmetics have a unique composition and delicate formula, show high biofunctionality, and meet all the requirements for cosmetic products intended for marketing.
皮肤化妆品是为敏感和有问题的皮肤设计的产品。对于受特应性皮炎、痤疮、牛皮癣等皮肤病影响的皮肤,它们是一种很好的额外护理解决方案。在特应性皮肤护理中特别重要的化合物包括神经酰胺、外托因、透明质酸、维生素A和E,以及天然植物油。这项工作的目的是开发一种定性和定量的方法,并调查配方的特点,如面霜、局部面霜、身体乳和清洁泡沫,专门用于特应性皮炎患者。新开发的化妆品配方具有良好的物理和化学特性,是该类产品的典型。在不同的温度下,它们在结构和微生物方面也很稳定。皮肤测试没有发现任何刺激或过敏特性。结果显示,该面霜效果最佳,改善皮肤水合作用21.88%,减少经皮失水15.86%,减轻红斑15.77%,改善皮肤敏感性17.20%。这项工作导致了用于特应性皮肤的创新皮肤化妆品的制备。该化妆品具有独特的成分和精致的配方,具有很高的生物功能性,满足市场对化妆品的所有要求。
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引用次数: 0
Honokiol and magnolol - comparison of inhibitory activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and antioxidant properties in in vitro studies 厚朴酚和厚朴酚-体外研究中碳水化合物和脂质代谢酶抑制活性和抗氧化性能的比较
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/168699
Katarzyna Szałabska-Rąpała, Weronika Borymska, M. Zych, Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Żebrowska
Oxidative stress is the basis of the pathogenesis of diabetes, obesity and their complications. Under its influence, free radicals that have not been neutralized or removed from the cell environment lead to damage to cellular macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Honokiol and magnolol are neolignans derived from magnolia bark, which may be promising candidates in the fight against oxidative stress-related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of structural isomers - honokiol and magnolol - in vitro, taking into account their effect on radicals and the potential possibility of protecting biomolecules against oxidative damage, as well as to analyze their capability to inhibit the activity of enzymes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The abilities of neolignans to neutralize ABTS and DPPH radicals and also to prevent the formation of markers of oxidative damage - advanced oxidation protein products and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were tested. The inhibitory properties of the compounds against the activity of enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase) were also examined. The conducted analyzes indicate that in vitro honokiol possesses much better antioxidant properties and inhibits enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism than magnolol. It neutralized model radicals and prevented oxidative damages almost as effectively as the reference compounds, with even better ability to inhibit enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. None of the neolignans significantlly affected the reduction of lipase activity. The effectiveness of honokiol and magnolol as free radical scavengers and α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors requires further confirmation in in vivo models.
氧化应激是糖尿病、肥胖及其并发症发病的基础。在它的影响下,未被中和或从细胞环境中清除的自由基导致细胞大分子——碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质的破坏。厚朴酚和厚朴酚是从厚朴树皮中提取的新木质素,可能是对抗氧化应激相关疾病的有希望的候选人。本研究的目的是评估结构异构体-厚朴酚和厚朴酚-的体外抗氧化潜力,考虑它们对自由基的影响和保护生物分子免受氧化损伤的潜在可能性,以及分析它们抑制碳水化合物和脂质代谢相关酶活性的能力。测试了新木质素对ABTS和DPPH自由基的中和能力,以及对氧化损伤标志物——高级氧化蛋白产物和硫代巴比妥酸反应物质的抑制能力。并考察了化合物对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、脂肪酶活性的抑制作用。结果表明,与厚朴酚相比,厚朴酚具有更好的体外抗氧化性能和抑制碳水化合物代谢相关酶的活性。它中和模型自由基和防止氧化损伤几乎与对照化合物一样有效,甚至具有更好的抑制碳水化合物代谢酶的能力。没有一种新木质素显著影响脂肪酶活性的降低。厚朴酚和厚朴酚作为自由基清除剂和α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制剂的有效性有待进一步的体内模型验证。
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引用次数: 0
High glucose reduces anti-tumor activity of aromatase inhibitors in a hormone-dependent breast cancer cell model 在激素依赖性乳腺癌细胞模型中,高葡萄糖降低芳香化酶抑制剂的抗肿瘤活性
4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/168363
Kamila Boszkiewicz, Agnieszka Piwowar
One third of breast cancer patients also suffer from diabetes, which is associated with a 40% higher risk of mortality. Patients undergoing anti-cancer treatment are also exposed to xenoestrogens present in everyday life, which may affect the effectiveness of the therapies used. The purpose of our study was to analyzed the effect of metalloestrogens (Al, Cr[III]) on the effectiveness of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) under high glucose conditions prevailing in the cellular model. On two human breast cancer cell lines—MCF-7 and MCF-7/DOX—a cell viability assay, a flow cytometer analysis of apoptosis, and protein activity of BAX, Bcl-2, and VEGF-A by ELISA were carried out. Results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed post hoc by Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests. High glucose conditions reduced the effectiveness of AIs in both cell lines (decreased cytotoxicity, inhibition of apoptosis, increase in Bcl-2/BAX ratio and angiogenesis), regardless of the combination with metalloestrogens. Hyperglycemia may affect the effectiveness of AIs to a greater extent than metalloestrogens alone - the activity of drugs in the presence of high glucose concentrations was significantly lower, regardless of the combination with metalloestrogens, which indicates the key role of hyperglycemia in attenuating their activity. Therefore controlling hyperglycemia and individualized treatment regimens in cancer patients with diabetes may have important therapeutic implications.
三分之一的乳腺癌患者还患有糖尿病,这与死亡率高出40%的风险有关。接受抗癌治疗的患者在日常生活中也会接触到异种雌激素,这可能会影响所使用治疗的有效性。我们的研究目的是分析金属雌激素(Al, Cr[III])在细胞模型中普遍存在的高糖条件下对芳香化酶抑制剂(AIs)有效性的影响。对2个人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和MCF-7/ DOX-a进行细胞活力测定、流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡、ELISA检测BAX、Bcl-2和VEGF-A蛋白活性。结果采用单因素方差分析,事后采用Tukey多重比较检验。无论是否与金属雌激素联合使用,高糖条件都会降低AIs在两种细胞系中的有效性(降低细胞毒性、抑制细胞凋亡、增加Bcl-2/BAX比率和血管生成)。高血糖可能比单独使用金属雌激素更大程度地影响AIs的有效性——在高葡萄糖浓度存在时,药物活性显著降低,无论是否与金属雌激素联合使用,这表明高血糖在降低其活性方面起着关键作用。因此,控制高血糖和个体化治疗方案对癌症合并糖尿病患者可能具有重要的治疗意义。
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引用次数: 0
Synergistic effects of trastuzumab and gambogic acid on MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell line 曲妥珠单抗与甘贝母酸对MDA-MB-453乳腺癌症细胞系的协同作用
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/166509
Abdullah Alpkan, M. Cankaya
Trastuzumab is one of the most commonly used monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of breast cancer. It is effective because it binds to the HER2 receptor and inhibits the signaling pathways for proliferation and metastasis. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance resulting from the various signaling pathways of heterogeneous breast cancer reduces its efficacy. To increase its efficacy, it is combined with different agents in the treatment. In this study, the synergistic effect of the combination of trastuzumab and gambogic acid on the breast cell line MDA-MB -453 was investigated in vitro. At the end of 12-, 24-, 48-, and 72-hour incubation, their antiproliferative effects were determined by XTT method. Combination Index (CI) values of the study were calculated using CompuSyn.exe software. The highest synergistic effect was obtained with 12.5 µg/mL trastuzumab + 1.25 µM gambogic acid (CI-4) at the 72nd hour. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) was also measured for the applications. We observed that combination of trastuzumab and gambogic acid decreased CAT activity at 24, 48 and 72nd hours. It was concluded that gambogic acid may be a good candidate for combination with other agents in targeted drug design.
曲妥珠单抗是治疗乳腺癌最常用的单克隆抗体之一。它是有效的,因为它与HER2受体结合并抑制增殖和转移的信号通路。然而,异质性乳腺癌的各种信号通路导致的内在或获得性耐药降低了其疗效。为提高疗效,可与不同药物联合治疗。本研究通过体外实验研究曲妥珠单抗联合甘草酸对乳腺细胞系MDA-MB -453的协同作用。孵育12、24、48、72 h时,采用XTT法测定其抗增殖作用。使用CompuSyn.exe软件计算本研究的综合指数(CI)值。在第72小时,12.5µg/mL曲妥珠单抗+ 1.25µM甘草酸(CI-4)获得最高的协同效应。同时测定了抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。我们观察到曲妥珠单抗和甘草酸联合用药可在24、48和72小时降低CAT活性。结果表明,在靶向药物设计中,藤黄酸可能与其他药物联合使用。
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引用次数: 0
Protective effect of gallic acid on muscle atrophy and grip strength in diabetic mice 没食子酸对糖尿病小鼠肌肉萎缩及握力的保护作用
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/167031
Xianchu Liu, Ming-xue Liu
Muscle atrophy is a common complication in diabetes mellitus. Gallic acid (GA) possesses multiple biologic effects in hyperglycemia and muscle functions. However, whether GA can ameliorate muscular dystrophy during diabetes is unknown. Our data demonstrated GA alleviated muscle dysfunction by promoting myocyte area and grip strength. In serum, GA enhanced T-AOC, SOD and CAT levels, and reduced MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In gastrocnemius, GA restrained protein degradation by mitigating F-box protein 32 (FBXO-32) and tripartite motif-containing 63 (TRIM-63) expressions. The mechanism of GA against diabetes-associated muscle atrophy is closely linked to its regulations on endoplasmic reticulum stress by attenuating DDIT-3 (DNA-damage inducible transcript 3) and heat shock protein 5 (HSPA-5) expressions. Moreover, GA improved mitochondria bioactivity by enhancing nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) expressions. Lastly, GA suppressed apoptosis by increasing BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) expressions and decreasing BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL-2) expressions. In conclusion, GA prevented from diabetic myopathy via its regulations of endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondria function and apoptosis. These data suggested GA could be a newer strategy against diabetic muscle atrophy.
肌肉萎缩是糖尿病的常见并发症。没食子酸(GA)对高血糖和肌肉功能具有多种生物学作用。然而,GA是否能改善糖尿病期间的肌营养不良尚不清楚。我们的数据表明,GA通过增加肌细胞面积和握力来减轻肌肉功能障碍。在血清中,GA提高了T-AOC、SOD和CAT水平,降低了MDA、TNF-α和IL-6水平。在腓肠肌中,GA通过减轻F-box蛋白32(FBXO-32)和含三元基序63(TRIM-63)的表达来抑制蛋白质降解。GA对抗糖尿病相关肌肉萎缩的机制与其通过减弱DDIT-3(DNA损伤诱导型转录物3)和热休克蛋白5(HSPA-5)的表达来调节内质网应激密切相关。此外,GA通过增强核呼吸因子1(NRF-1)和PPARG共激活因子1α(PGC-1α)的表达来提高线粒体的生物活性。最后,GA通过增加BCL2相关X蛋白(BAX)的表达和降低BCL2凋亡调节因子(BCL-2)的表达来抑制细胞凋亡。总之,GA通过调节内质网应激、线粒体功能和细胞凋亡来预防糖尿病肌病。这些数据表明GA可能是一种新的治疗糖尿病肌肉萎缩的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Reliable HPLC-UV method for therapeutic levetiracetam monitoring in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with epilepsy 可靠的HPLC-UV法监测癫痫患者血清和脑脊液中左乙拉西坦浓度
IF 0.4 4区 医学 Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.32383/appdr/168230
A. Wesołowska, Elżbieta Szczygieł-Pilut, Łukasz Hońdo, Kinga Wojewodzic, S. Kozłowska, Anna Zajączkowska-Dutkiewicz, Daniel Pilut, M. Michalski, A. Cios
The present study was to develop and validate a rapid analytical method of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV (HPLC/UV) detection for the determination of levetiracetam (LEV) concentration in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The newly developed method was used to measure LEV concentration in the serum/CSF of 29 patients with different types of epilepsy; 52% (group I, n = 15) were treated with LEV in monotherapy, 48% (group II, n = 14) were co-administered with other AEDs. Serum and CSF levels of LEV were correlated with patients dosage, concomitant AEDs, therapeutic effect, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs).The calibration curves for serum and CSF were linear in the range 0.5-100 and 0.5-50 mg/L, respectively, with a coefficient correlation (R) value > 0.998 in each case. The quantitation limit was 0.5 mg/L in serum and CSF. The validated method was found to be selective, precise, and accurate. Optimal Cssmin values according to International League Against Epilepsy (12-46 mg/L) were achieved in 40 and 50% of patients in group I and II, and did not correlate with treatment efficacy in 27 and 21% patients, respectively. The ratio of serum LEV to CSF concentration (Kp) after 2 h administration LEV ranged in group I from 0.31 to 0.92 and in group II from 0.18 to 0.65. These findings indicate that the developed simple and rapid HPLC/UV method may be useful for monitoring serum/CSF LEV concentrations in patients receiving standard doses.
本研究旨在建立高效液相色谱-紫外(HPLC/UV)快速测定人血清和脑脊液(CSF)样品中左乙拉西坦(LEV)浓度的方法。采用新方法测定了29例不同类型癫痫患者血清/脑脊液中LEV浓度;52%(第一组,n = 15)的患者单独使用LEV治疗,48%(第二组,n = 14)的患者与其他AEDs合用。血清和脑脊液LEV水平与患者用药剂量、伴用aed、治疗效果和药物不良反应(adr)相关。血清和脑脊液在0.5 ~ 100 mg/L和0.5 ~ 50 mg/L范围内均呈线性关系,相关系数(R)均为> 0.998。血清和脑脊液的定量限为0.5 mg/L。经验证的方法选择性好、精密度高、准确度高。根据国际抗癫痫联盟(International League Against Epilepsy)的标准,I组和II组中40%和50%的患者达到了最佳的Cssmin值(12-46 mg/L),分别有27%和21%的患者与治疗效果无关。给药2 h后血清LEV与脑脊液浓度之比(Kp) I组为0.31 ~ 0.92,II组为0.18 ~ 0.65。这些结果表明,所建立的简单快速的HPLC/UV方法可用于监测接受标准剂量患者的血清/CSF LEV浓度。
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Acta poloniae pharmaceutica
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