Orchid germination depends on their fungal partner; however, there are no broadscale analyses evaluating the actual overlap between orchids and their mycorrhizal symbionts. The aim of this research was to evaluate the importance of mycorrhizal fungi for the occurrence of two species of orchids using ecological niche modeling (ENM). Two sets of future orchid distribution models were created – the first one was based on bioclimatic data only, and the second one included information about the distribution of fungal symbionts. The jackknife test indicated that for both mixotrophic and mycoheterotrophic orchids, the presence of symbiotic fungi is crucial for their occurrence, and ENM analyses revealed that both orchids face habitat loss as a result of predicted changes in climate. In the case of the mixotrophic orchid, the presence of symbiotic fungi can compensate for unfavorable climatic conditions. Problems and limitations in modeling the distributions of species are discussed in terms of the symbiotic relationship.
{"title":"The long-term survival and climatic distribution of mixotrophic and mycoheterotrophic orchids","authors":"Marta Kolanowska, M. Ruszkiewicz-Michalska","doi":"10.5586/asbp/175378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/175378","url":null,"abstract":"Orchid germination depends on their fungal partner; however, there are no broadscale analyses evaluating the actual overlap between orchids and their mycorrhizal symbionts. The aim of this research was to evaluate the importance of mycorrhizal fungi for the occurrence of two species of orchids using ecological niche modeling (ENM). Two sets of future orchid distribution models were created – the first one was based on bioclimatic data only, and the second one included information about the distribution of fungal symbionts. The jackknife test indicated that for both mixotrophic and mycoheterotrophic orchids, the presence of symbiotic fungi is crucial for their occurrence, and ENM analyses revealed that both orchids face habitat loss as a result of predicted changes in climate. In the case of the mixotrophic orchid, the presence of symbiotic fungi can compensate for unfavorable climatic conditions. Problems and limitations in modeling the distributions of species are discussed in terms of the symbiotic relationship.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Common broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link is a native shrub, common both in Europe and Poland and in many other areas of the world, it is considered an invasive plant. e size of the organs of generative reproduction and the factors determining it are still poorly understood. The study of the size of broom flowers, fruits, seeds and leaves was carried out on 16 plots in western Poland. Habitats were described using Ellenberg’s index values, which allowed us to divide the study into two types: warm, rich in nitrogen, and moister with higher pH. It has been shown that a significant part of the variability in the size of flowers and their elements is conditioned by inter-individual differences. Some features (wings and keel area, number of seeds, or nitrogen content in stems) are also dependent on the type of habitat. Probably the key factor influencing the size of generative organs and the number of seeds is the availability of water in the environment. In more moist habitats and with a higher pH, the organs of generative reproduction are larger, and the nitrogen content is lower. The size of individual elements of the perianth is significantly correlated with each other, and the number of seeds depends on the size of the keel. Depending on environmental factors, the size of the generative organs may affect the efficiency of pollination, which in turn determines the size and number of seeds. The ability of C. scoparius to adapt to various edaphic conditions, the ability to establish symbiosis with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the production of size-diverse flowers that can be pollinated by insects of various sizes determine its invasive success.
{"title":"Factors determining the variability of the size of generative reproduction organs and leaves of Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link in western Poland","authors":"Małgorzata Maj, M. Giertych","doi":"10.5586/asbp/174333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/174333","url":null,"abstract":"Common broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link is a native shrub, common both in Europe and Poland and in many other areas of the world, it is considered an invasive plant. e size of the organs of generative reproduction and the factors determining it are still poorly understood. The study of the size of broom flowers, fruits, seeds and leaves was carried out on 16 plots in western Poland. Habitats were described using Ellenberg’s index values, which allowed us to divide the study into two types: warm, rich in nitrogen, and moister with higher pH. It has been shown that a significant part of the variability in the size of flowers and their elements is conditioned by inter-individual differences. Some features (wings and keel area, number of seeds, or nitrogen content in stems) are also dependent on the type of habitat. Probably the key factor influencing the size of generative organs and the number of seeds is the availability of water in the environment. In more moist habitats and with a higher pH, the organs of generative reproduction are larger, and the nitrogen content is lower. The size of individual elements of the perianth is significantly correlated with each other, and the number of seeds depends on the size of the keel. Depending on environmental factors, the size of the generative organs may affect the efficiency of pollination, which in turn determines the size and number of seeds. The ability of C. scoparius to adapt to various edaphic conditions, the ability to establish symbiosis with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the production of size-diverse flowers that can be pollinated by insects of various sizes determine its invasive success.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"14 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lina Yang, Yike Liu, Zhanjun Xue, Qingyun Li, Bingbing Cai
Aldolase exhibits multiple functions in a variety of organisms, including fungi, unicellular algae and plants, and so on. Furthermore, different isoforms of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) exhibit significantly different characteristics and functions. This review describes the structures, characteristics, and functions of FBAs derived from diverse organisms, including FBA II in pathogen microorganisms, as well as FBA I mainly in unicellular algae and plants. Differences between FBA and FBP aldolase-phosphatase bifunctional enzyme (FBA/P) are also discussed. Finally, we suggest several potential research questions regarding the functions of FBA in higher plants.
{"title":"Structures, characteristics and functions of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in various tissues","authors":"Lina Yang, Yike Liu, Zhanjun Xue, Qingyun Li, Bingbing Cai","doi":"10.5586/asbp/174253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/174253","url":null,"abstract":"Aldolase exhibits multiple functions in a variety of organisms, including fungi, unicellular algae and plants, and so on. Furthermore, different isoforms of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) exhibit significantly different characteristics and functions. This review describes the structures, characteristics, and functions of FBAs derived from diverse organisms, including FBA II in pathogen microorganisms, as well as FBA I mainly in unicellular algae and plants. Differences between FBA and FBP aldolase-phosphatase bifunctional enzyme (FBA/P) are also discussed. Finally, we suggest several potential research questions regarding the functions of FBA in higher plants.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"114 46","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135138238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandra Grabowska-Joachimiak, Dagmara Kwolek, Elżbieta Pięta, Zbigniew Szeląg, Andrzej J. Joachimiak
Polyploid species of Hieracium s.str. are near-obligatory apomicts capable of producing non-reduced pollen grains and intrageneric crossing with sexual diploid species. Most probably, such a mating system leads to the emergence of separate lineages of apomictic plants with increased ploidy levels, each of which has a complete set of genomes of its putative (most probably triploid) apomictic parent. The correct identification of such lineages could facilitate taxonomic and phylogenetic research in Hieracium. In this paper, we analyzed the distribution of the 5S and 45S rDNA segments in the karyotypes of six selected Hieracium taxa, representing all ploidy levels reported in the genus: H. alpinum 2x, H. alpinum 3x, H. schustleri 4x, H. chrysostyloides 5x (H. sect. Alpina) and H. bifidum 3x, H. levicaule 3x (H. sect. Bifida). The analyzed rDNA markers suggest that two taxa of the higher ploidy level (4x and 5x) belonging to H. sect. Alpina inherited three genomes from the triploid H. alpinum, which has 2:1 genomic composition with two genomes from diploid H. alpinum and one genome with an untypical 5S rDNA-bearing chromosome of unknown origin. H. bifidum and H. levicaule differ from each other in the rDNA distribution pattern, which suggests that H. sect. Bifida may be a less homogenous group of species.
{"title":"rDNA-FISH pattern in selected <i>Hieracium</i> species representing different ploidy levels","authors":"Aleksandra Grabowska-Joachimiak, Dagmara Kwolek, Elżbieta Pięta, Zbigniew Szeląg, Andrzej J. Joachimiak","doi":"10.5586/asbp/172418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/172418","url":null,"abstract":"Polyploid species of <i>Hieracium</i> s.str. are near-obligatory apomicts capable of producing non-reduced pollen grains and intrageneric crossing with sexual diploid species. Most probably, such a mating system leads to the emergence of separate lineages of apomictic plants with increased ploidy levels, each of which has a complete set of genomes of its putative (most probably triploid) apomictic parent. The correct identification of such lineages could facilitate taxonomic and phylogenetic research in <i>Hieracium</i>. In this paper, we analyzed the distribution of the 5S and 45S rDNA segments in the karyotypes of six selected <i>Hieracium</i> taxa, representing all ploidy levels reported in the genus: <i>H. alpinum</i> 2x, <i>H. alpinum</i> 3x, <i>H. schustleri</i> 4x, <i>H. chrysostyloides</i> 5x (<i>H</i>. sect. <i>Alpina</i>) and <i>H. bifidum</i> 3x, <i>H. levicaule</i> 3x (<i>H</i>. sect. <i>Bifida</i>). The analyzed rDNA markers suggest that two taxa of the higher ploidy level (4x and 5x) belonging to <i>H</i>. sect. <i>Alpina</i> inherited three genomes from the triploid <i>H. alpinum</i>, which has 2:1 genomic composition with two genomes from diploid <i>H. alpinum</i> and one genome with an untypical 5S rDNA-bearing chromosome of unknown origin. <i>H. bifidum</i> and <i>H. levicaule</i> differ from each other in the rDNA distribution pattern, which suggests that <i>H</i>. sect. <i>Bifida</i> may be a less homogenous group of species.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cuiping Guan, Xiang Li, Wenlan Mu, Hong Mu, Shujuan Yang
Lycium barbarum L. (L. barbarum), an important medicinal and food crop from the Solanaceae family, is known for excellent tolerance to saline–alkaline and drought stresses. Therefore, it has significant research and application value. The nuclear and chloroplast genomes of L. barbarum have been previously reported; however, its mitochondrial genome is still unexplored. In this study, mitochondrial DNA sequencing and assembly in L. barbarum were studied via second- and third-generation sequencing technologies using the anthers collected from the main cultivars “Ningqi No.1” (fertile line) and its male-sterile natural mutant “Ningqi No.5” from Ningxia, China. The results revealed that “Ningqi No.1” and “Ningqi No.5” have the same mitochondrial circular genome structure with a total length of 413,881 bp. In total, 61 genes were annotated, including 35 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2,242 open reading frames with unknown functions. The repeat sequences in mtDNA were analyzed, in which short repeats (30–59 bp) exhibited the highest number. Overall, 23 protein-coding genes in “Ningqi No.1” and “Ningqi No.5” exhibited RNA-editing phenomenon, with different RNA-editing site number and distribution position. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that L. barbarum has the closest relationship with Hyoscyamus niger. These results provided a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the mitochondrial genome of L. barbarum and the relevant data for omics studies on L. barbarum.
{"title":"Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of a unique economic plant <i>Lycium barbarum</i> L.","authors":"Cuiping Guan, Xiang Li, Wenlan Mu, Hong Mu, Shujuan Yang","doi":"10.5586/asbp/170979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/170979","url":null,"abstract":"Lycium barbarum L. (L. barbarum), an important medicinal and food crop from the Solanaceae family, is known for excellent tolerance to saline–alkaline and drought stresses. Therefore, it has significant research and application value. The nuclear and chloroplast genomes of L. barbarum have been previously reported; however, its mitochondrial genome is still unexplored. In this study, mitochondrial DNA sequencing and assembly in L. barbarum were studied via second- and third-generation sequencing technologies using the anthers collected from the main cultivars “Ningqi No.1” (fertile line) and its male-sterile natural mutant “Ningqi No.5” from Ningxia, China. The results revealed that “Ningqi No.1” and “Ningqi No.5” have the same mitochondrial circular genome structure with a total length of 413,881 bp. In total, 61 genes were annotated, including 35 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2,242 open reading frames with unknown functions. The repeat sequences in mtDNA were analyzed, in which short repeats (30–59 bp) exhibited the highest number. Overall, 23 protein-coding genes in “Ningqi No.1” and “Ningqi No.5” exhibited RNA-editing phenomenon, with different RNA-editing site number and distribution position. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that L. barbarum has the closest relationship with Hyoscyamus niger. These results provided a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the mitochondrial genome of L. barbarum and the relevant data for omics studies on L. barbarum.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ewa Szczęśniak, Edyta M. Gola, Wojciech J. Szypuła
Two species of the Selaginella genus were noted in Poland up to date, i.e. S. selaginoides and S. helvetica. The first species occurs in the Western Carpathians and the Western Sudetes, however, its Sudeten sites were less numerous than previously reported. The second species was one of the rarest elements in Polish flora. Two populations were reported in Silesia (SW Poland), but after 1945 the species was not confirmed in the nature and thus currently it is regarded in Poland as extinct. Its occurrence and locations were given in the literature based on the historical sources, yet without revision of herbarium materials. Our research on Selaginella vouchers, collected from the sites in Silesia and primarily identified as S. helvetica, showed that only one population represented S. helvetica, whereas the second one was identified by us as an alien American species, S. apoda. This is the first record of S. apoda occurrence in Poland out of cultivation, and the second in Europe. Accordingly, corrected maps of S. selaginoides, S. helvetica and S. apoda distribution in Poland together with the identification key to the species are presented.
{"title":"The genus <i>Selaginella</i> P. BEAUV. (Selaginellaceae, Lycopodiopsida) in Poland: The occurrence of three species as a result of the historical material verification","authors":"Ewa Szczęśniak, Edyta M. Gola, Wojciech J. Szypuła","doi":"10.5586/asbp/171688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/171688","url":null,"abstract":"Two species of the <i>Selaginella</i> genus were noted in Poland up to date, i.e. <i>S. selaginoides</i> and <i>S. helvetica</i>. The first species occurs in the Western Carpathians and the Western Sudetes, however, its Sudeten sites were less numerous than previously reported. The second species was one of the rarest elements in Polish flora. Two populations were reported in Silesia (SW Poland), but after 1945 the species was not confirmed in the nature and thus currently it is regarded in Poland as extinct. Its occurrence and locations were given in the literature based on the historical sources, yet without revision of herbarium materials. Our research on <i>Selaginella</i> vouchers, collected from the sites in Silesia and primarily identified as <i>S. helvetica</i>, showed that only one population represented <i>S. helvetica</i>, whereas the second one was identified by us as an alien American species, <i>S. apoda</i>. This is the first record of S. apoda occurrence in Poland out of cultivation, and the second in Europe. Accordingly, corrected maps of <i>S. selaginoides</i>, <i>S. helvetica</i> and <i>S. apoda</i> distribution in Poland together with the identification key to the species are presented.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136098132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miroslav Zeidler, Václav Husek, Marek Banaš, František Krahulec
Subalpine and alpine plant communities are considered highly sensitive and hence endangered by global changes. In central Europe, the highly sensitive habitats are also influenced by human activities: land use, industrial pollution, and tourism. That is especially true for subalpine plant communities formed on mid-latitude mountains during specific postglacial development. Our study aimed to (1) document changes in cover and plant species diversity between the past (1950s and 1970s) and present (2019) and (2) reveal differences in the functional composition of the species among the studied periods. In 2019, quasi-permanent marked plots originally surveyed in the 1950s and 1970s were resurveyed at Králický Sněžník (Śnieżnik Kłodski) Mountains, the High Sudetes Mts.. We assessed temporal changes in plant species composition, species cover, functional groups, growth forms, and degree of specialization. We found homogenization of the vegetation over time and changes in the cover of specific functional groups that were attributed to environmental factors connected with the cessation of historical land use, atmospheric deposition, and climate change. Implementing a suitable combination of mowing and grazing to support diversity, and to prevent homogenization of vegetation is highly recommended.
亚高山和高山植物群落被认为是高度敏感的，因此受到全球变化的威胁。在中欧，高度敏感的栖息地也受到人类活动的影响:土地利用、工业污染和旅游业。对于在特定的冰川后发育期间在中纬度山脉上形成的亚高山植物群落来说，情况尤其如此。我们的研究旨在(1)记录过去(20世纪50年代至70年代)和现在(2019年)的植被覆盖和植物物种多样性的变化;(2)揭示不同研究时期物种功能组成的差异。2019年，在Králický Sněžník (Śnieżnik Kłodski) Mountains, High sudees Mts..我们评估了植物物种组成、物种覆盖、功能类群、生长形式和专业化程度的时间变化。我们发现，随着时间的推移，植被的同质化和特定功能群的覆盖变化归因于与历史土地利用停止、大气沉积和气候变化相关的环境因素。强烈建议实施适当的割草和放牧组合，以支持多样性，并防止植被同质化。
{"title":"Homogenization and species compositional shifts in subalpine vegetation during the 60-year period","authors":"Miroslav Zeidler, Václav Husek, Marek Banaš, František Krahulec","doi":"10.5586/asbp/171689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/171689","url":null,"abstract":"Subalpine and alpine plant communities are considered highly sensitive and hence endangered by global changes. In central Europe, the highly sensitive habitats are also influenced by human activities: land use, industrial pollution, and tourism. That is especially true for subalpine plant communities formed on mid-latitude mountains during specific postglacial development. Our study aimed to (1) document changes in cover and plant species diversity between the past (1950s and 1970s) and present (2019) and (2) reveal differences in the functional composition of the species among the studied periods. In 2019, quasi-permanent marked plots originally surveyed in the 1950s and 1970s were resurveyed at Králický Sněžník (Śnieżnik Kłodski) Mountains, the High Sudetes Mts.. We assessed temporal changes in plant species composition, species cover, functional groups, growth forms, and degree of specialization. We found homogenization of the vegetation over time and changes in the cover of specific functional groups that were attributed to environmental factors connected with the cessation of historical land use, atmospheric deposition, and climate change. Implementing a suitable combination of mowing and grazing to support diversity, and to prevent homogenization of vegetation is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Łukasz Grewling, Dorota Myszkowska, Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko, Aneta Sulborska-Różycka, Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Aerobiology is a scientific discipline that focuses on investigating biological particles (bioaerosols) passively transported in the atmosphere, mainly fungal spores and pollen grains. Due to the allergic and pathogenic properties of these particles, aerobiological data is widely used in allergology, plant pathology, and agriculture. In addition, the results of aerobiological monitoring have found applications in biogeography, paleoecology, forestry, veterinary medicine, forensic science, and climate change research, as well as in the assessment of threats to the deterioration of cultural heritage. In this review, the contribution of Polish scientists to the development of worldwide aerobiology is presented. The most important results on the atmospheric dispersion of bioaerosols, spatiotemporal modeling, and novel methods used in aerobiological research are described. Moreover, the cooperation at the national and international levels as part of scientific programs and the perspectives for further development of aerobiology in Poland are discussed.
{"title":"Aerobiology in Poland: Achievements and challenges","authors":"Łukasz Grewling, Dorota Myszkowska, Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko, Aneta Sulborska-Różycka, Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska","doi":"10.5586/asbp/172278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/172278","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobiology is a scientific discipline that focuses on investigating biological particles (bioaerosols) passively transported in the atmosphere, mainly fungal spores and pollen grains. Due to the allergic and pathogenic properties of these particles, aerobiological data is widely used in allergology, plant pathology, and agriculture. In addition, the results of aerobiological monitoring have found applications in biogeography, paleoecology, forestry, veterinary medicine, forensic science, and climate change research, as well as in the assessment of threats to the deterioration of cultural heritage. In this review, the contribution of Polish scientists to the development of worldwide aerobiology is presented. The most important results on the atmospheric dispersion of bioaerosols, spatiotemporal modeling, and novel methods used in aerobiological research are described. Moreover, the cooperation at the national and international levels as part of scientific programs and the perspectives for further development of aerobiology in Poland are discussed.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large part of the civilizational progress has been achieved at the expense of the natural environment, which recently reached the stages that threaten its creator. Plants play an important role in various areas of our lives, and it turned out that we can rely on them to reduce this threat. The ability of living organisms and the systems they create to protect and restore the environment is at the core of a technology called environmental biotechnology. Advances in science and technology have created a plant-based discipline known as phytoremediation. This technology allows us to remove or reduce the level of pollutants in our surroundings. We can phytoextract heavy metals from contaminated soil and water with the help of resistant plant species and recover noble metals and rare elements. When the soil or water is contaminated with organic compounds, we try to eliminate them completely with the help of plants and their microbiome. Phytoextraction from water is related to the accumulation of pollutants in water and sediments, in which macrophytes from all water groups participate, including free-floating submerged and emerged plants. The task of these plants, apart from the accumulation of metals or organic toxins, is also the uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen to prevent the eutrophication of water. In recent years, the quality of air has deteriorated. Nowadays, 90% of the population breathes air that does not meet WHO standards. It should be emphasized that in the case of outdoor air, there is no industrial system for removing pollutants. In fact, we can only count on nature: rainfall and plants. Indoor air is sometimes even more polluted than outside and, therefore, we should be safe in it with the help of plants that are able to create a refuge. Additionally, it fulfills biofilling desires and improves our mood.
{"title":"Plants for saving the environment- Phytoremediation","authors":"Gawroński Stanisław","doi":"10.5586/asbp/171278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/171278","url":null,"abstract":"A large part of the civilizational progress has been achieved at the expense of the natural environment, which recently reached the stages that threaten its creator. Plants play an important role in various areas of our lives, and it turned out that we can rely on them to reduce this threat. The ability of living organisms and the systems they create to protect and restore the environment is at the core of a technology called environmental biotechnology. Advances in science and technology have created a plant-based discipline known as phytoremediation. This technology allows us to remove or reduce the level of pollutants in our surroundings. We can phytoextract heavy metals from contaminated soil and water with the help of resistant plant species and recover noble metals and rare elements. When the soil or water is contaminated with organic compounds, we try to eliminate them completely with the help of plants and their microbiome. Phytoextraction from water is related to the accumulation of pollutants in water and sediments, in which macrophytes from all water groups participate, including free-floating submerged and emerged plants. The task of these plants, apart from the accumulation of metals or organic toxins, is also the uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen to prevent the eutrophication of water. In recent years, the quality of air has deteriorated. Nowadays, 90% of the population breathes air that does not meet WHO standards. It should be emphasized that in the case of outdoor air, there is no industrial system for removing pollutants. In fact, we can only count on nature: rainfall and plants. Indoor air is sometimes even more polluted than outside and, therefore, we should be safe in it with the help of plants that are able to create a refuge. Additionally, it fulfills biofilling desires and improves our mood.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Sawicki, Katarzyna Krawczyk, Mateusz Kurzyński, Mateusz Maździarz, Łukasz Paukszto, Paweł Sulima, Monika Szczecińska
Membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, have played a crucial role in the evolution of plant cells. In this study, we investigate the presence of heteroplasmy and genomic variation in liverworts, a group of non-vascular plants, using nanopore sequencing technology. We selected four liverwort species representing different lineages: Riccia fluitans, Apopellia endiviifolia, Aneura pinguis, and Scapania undulata. Through nanopore sequencing, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the organellar genomes of selected liverwort species. The plastid genomes of Riccia fluitans, Apopellia endiviifolia, Aneura pinguis, and Scapania undulata exhibited high conservation with previously published genomes, while the mitogenome of Scapania undulata represents the first report for this species. The analysis of the liverwort organellar genomes revealed conserved gene content, structure, and order. We further investigated heteroplasmy within the liverwort species. The plastome analysis did not detect structural heteroplasmy, which is observed in some angiosperms but seems limited to seed plants. However, in the mitogenomes, we found evidence of heteroplasmy in Aneura pinguis, Apopellia endiviifolia, and Scapania undulata. The heteroplasmic sites in the mitogenomes were mainly represented by substitutions, indels, and short tandem repeat polymorphisms. Some of the identified substitutions resembled RNA editing patterns observed in liverworts. This study highlights the utility of nanopore sequencing for studying organellar genomes and detecting heteroplasmy in liverworts. The findings expand our understanding of organellar genomic variation in non-vascular plants and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying heteroplasmy in liverwort mitogenomes. Further research is needed to explore the functional significance of heteroplasmy and its implications for liverwort evolution and adaptation.
{"title":"Nanopore sequencing of organellar genomes revealed heteroplasmy in simple thalloid and leafy liverworts","authors":"Jakub Sawicki, Katarzyna Krawczyk, Mateusz Kurzyński, Mateusz Maździarz, Łukasz Paukszto, Paweł Sulima, Monika Szczecińska","doi":"10.5586/asbp/172516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp/172516","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, have played a crucial role in the evolution of plant cells. In this study, we investigate the presence of heteroplasmy and genomic variation in liverworts, a group of non-vascular plants, using nanopore sequencing technology. We selected four liverwort species representing different lineages: Riccia fluitans, Apopellia endiviifolia, Aneura pinguis, and Scapania undulata. Through nanopore sequencing, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the organellar genomes of selected liverwort species. The plastid genomes of Riccia fluitans, Apopellia endiviifolia, Aneura pinguis, and Scapania undulata exhibited high conservation with previously published genomes, while the mitogenome of Scapania undulata represents the first report for this species. The analysis of the liverwort organellar genomes revealed conserved gene content, structure, and order. We further investigated heteroplasmy within the liverwort species. The plastome analysis did not detect structural heteroplasmy, which is observed in some angiosperms but seems limited to seed plants. However, in the mitogenomes, we found evidence of heteroplasmy in Aneura pinguis, Apopellia endiviifolia, and Scapania undulata. The heteroplasmic sites in the mitogenomes were mainly represented by substitutions, indels, and short tandem repeat polymorphisms. Some of the identified substitutions resembled RNA editing patterns observed in liverworts. This study highlights the utility of nanopore sequencing for studying organellar genomes and detecting heteroplasmy in liverworts. The findings expand our understanding of organellar genomic variation in non-vascular plants and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying heteroplasmy in liverwort mitogenomes. Further research is needed to explore the functional significance of heteroplasmy and its implications for liverwort evolution and adaptation.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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