I. Żur, A. Adamus, T. Cegielska-Taras, S. Cichorz, E. Dubas, Monika Gajecka, Katarzyna Juzoń-Sikora, A. Kiełkowska, M. Malicka, S. Oleszczuk, E. Skrzypek, L. Szała, I. Szarejko, J. Zimny
Diverse processes leading to doubled haploid (DH) plant production, such as microspore embryogenesis, gynogenesis, and distant hybridization followed by genome elimination, are based on the unique ability of plant cells to form haploid embryos without fertilization. All of these are possible because of various in vitro culture systems that enable the growth and development of tissues or single cells outside of the parental organism. The possibility of re-directing cell development from its original pathway to embryogenesis brings several benefits to many research areas, but the most important is the possibility of its implementation in breeding programs. This review summarizes the achievements of Polish research groups in studies of the mechanisms of haploid/DH embryo development and demonstrates the practical applications of these systems in basic studies and plant breeding. It shows the results of studies on economically important crops including barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.), triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.), oat ( Avena sativa L.), rye ( Secale cereale L.), sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.), and some vegetable species, including carrot ( Daucus carota L.), onion ( Allium cepa L.), red beet ( Beta vulgaris L.), and members of the Brassicaceae.
{"title":"Doubled Haploids: Contributions of Poland’s Academies in Recognizing the Mechanism of Gametophyte Cell Reprogramming and Their Utilization in Breeding of Agricultural and Vegetable Species","authors":"I. Żur, A. Adamus, T. Cegielska-Taras, S. Cichorz, E. Dubas, Monika Gajecka, Katarzyna Juzoń-Sikora, A. Kiełkowska, M. Malicka, S. Oleszczuk, E. Skrzypek, L. Szała, I. Szarejko, J. Zimny","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Diverse processes leading to doubled haploid (DH) plant production, such as microspore embryogenesis, gynogenesis, and distant hybridization followed by genome elimination, are based on the unique ability of plant cells to form haploid embryos without fertilization. All of these are possible because of various in vitro culture systems that enable the growth and development of tissues or single cells outside of the parental organism. The possibility of re-directing cell development from its original pathway to embryogenesis brings several benefits to many research areas, but the most important is the possibility of its implementation in breeding programs.\u0000 This review summarizes the achievements of Polish research groups in studies of the mechanisms of haploid/DH embryo development and demonstrates the practical applications of these systems in basic studies and plant breeding. It shows the results of studies on economically important crops including barley (\u0000 Hordeum vulgare\u0000 L.), oilseed rape (\u0000 Brassica napus\u0000 L.), triticale (×\u0000 Triticosecale\u0000 Wittm.), oat (\u0000 Avena sativa\u0000 L.), rye (\u0000 Secale cereale\u0000 L.), sugar beet (\u0000 Beta vulgaris\u0000 ssp.\u0000 vulgaris\u0000 L.), and some vegetable species, including carrot (\u0000 Daucus carota\u0000 L.), onion (\u0000 Allium cepa\u0000 L.), red beet (\u0000 Beta vulgaris\u0000 L.), and members of the Brassicaceae.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49190723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter From the Editor","authors":"B. Zagórska-Marek","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48199770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute (IHAR), research on plant tissue cultures began in 1970s. Some in vitro methods, such as anther cultures or isolated microspore cultures, have been directly used to produce homozygous lines in plant breeding. These methods are also a prerequisite for genetic manipulation for both scientific and practical purposes. Here, we describe the achievements of the Department of Biotechnology and Cytogenetics over the last few decades in the area of somatic embryogenesis of cereals, genetic modifications, GMO detection and identification, and GMO legislation. This long-term research on plant regeneration systems has led to the development of the first transgenic triticale plants in the world and the first transgenic plants in Poland, which was followed by a multi-generation study of triticale transgene stability. The gene flow of transgenic triticale and transgenic maize investigated in field studies under Polish environmental conditions, as well as the evaluation of triticale pollen flow, provided scientific data for the development of coexistence measures and GMO risk assessment in case of plant authorization for cultivation. Based on the experience gained over the years, a GMO Controlling Laboratory was established to support the official control of GMOs in Poland and the EU. It was later nominated as one of the National Reference Laboratories collaborating with the Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Commission, providing scientific and technical support in areas related to health and consumer protection. The GMO Controlling Laboratory is accredited by the Polish Center for Accreditation according to the ISO 17025 standard, ensuring high-quality analyses and flexible accreditation scope. It participates in the ongoing debate in Poland and the EU on the legal aspects of new genomic techniques in plant breeding through publications, lectures at scientific conferences, and by providing expertise to relevant bodies.
{"title":"Somatic Embryogenesis, Genetic Modification, and GMOs at the Department of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics at the IHAR","authors":"J. Zimny, S. Sowa","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9129","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 At the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute (IHAR), research on plant tissue cultures began in 1970s. Some in vitro methods, such as anther cultures or isolated microspore cultures, have been directly used to produce homozygous lines in plant breeding. These methods are also a prerequisite for genetic manipulation for both scientific and practical purposes. Here, we describe the achievements of the Department of Biotechnology and Cytogenetics over the last few decades in the area of somatic embryogenesis of cereals, genetic modifications, GMO detection and identification, and GMO legislation. This long-term research on plant regeneration systems has led to the development of the first transgenic triticale plants in the world and the first transgenic plants in Poland, which was followed by a multi-generation study of triticale transgene stability. The gene flow of transgenic triticale and transgenic maize investigated in field studies under Polish environmental conditions, as well as the evaluation of triticale pollen flow, provided scientific data for the development of coexistence measures and GMO risk assessment in case of plant authorization for cultivation. Based on the experience gained over the years, a GMO Controlling Laboratory was established to support the official control of GMOs in Poland and the EU. It was later nominated as one of the National Reference Laboratories collaborating with the Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Commission, providing scientific and technical support in areas related to health and consumer protection. The GMO Controlling Laboratory is accredited by the Polish Center for Accreditation according to the ISO 17025 standard, ensuring high-quality analyses and flexible accreditation scope. It participates in the ongoing debate in Poland and the EU on the legal aspects of new genomic techniques in plant breeding through publications, lectures at scientific conferences, and by providing expertise to relevant bodies.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49324390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research on Polish Mesozoic macroflora has remarkably changed over the last 100 years. Compared with traditional nineteenth-century taxonomical and evolutionary studies, modern research also investigates of fossil plant diversity, plant interactions with the environment and animals, and deep changes in vegetation influenced by environmental and climate change. In this review, we present the most important turning points in Polish Mesozoic macroflora research and the development of cognitive techniques by discussing selected studies carried out by Polish palaeobotanists.
{"title":"Polish Palaeobotany: 750 Million Years of Plant History as Revealed in a Century of Studies. Mesozoic Macroflora","authors":"M. Barbacka, Grzegorz Pacyna, Adam T. Halamski","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research on Polish Mesozoic macroflora has remarkably changed over the last 100 years. Compared with traditional nineteenth-century taxonomical and evolutionary studies, modern research also investigates of fossil plant diversity, plant interactions with the environment and animals, and deep changes in vegetation influenced by environmental and climate change. In this review, we present the most important turning points in Polish Mesozoic macroflora research and the development of cognitive techniques by discussing selected studies carried out by Polish palaeobotanists.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42763140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All the palynological studies of the Polish Paleozoic were conducted during the last 100 years. The investigations regarded the oldest microflora remains, acritarchs reaching up to Precambrian, and spores, and pollen grains which appeared later. The main benefits of palynological analyses are their stratigraphic significance, usage for age determination, correlation of stratigraphic horizons, detection of climatic changes, and information on plant cover, often providing supplementary data for macroflora records. The most important results of Polish palynology demonstrate the multifaceted character of studies and their significance in science.
{"title":"Polish Palaeobotany: 750 Million Years of Plant History as Revealed in a Century of Studies. Palaeozoic Microflora","authors":"M. Barbacka, Grzegorz Pacyna","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 All the palynological studies of the Polish Paleozoic were conducted during the last 100 years. The investigations regarded the oldest microflora remains, acritarchs reaching up to Precambrian, and spores, and pollen grains which appeared later. The main benefits of palynological analyses are their stratigraphic significance, usage for age determination, correlation of stratigraphic horizons, detection of climatic changes, and information on plant cover, often providing supplementary data for macroflora records. The most important results of Polish palynology demonstrate the multifaceted character of studies and their significance in science.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mikuła, P. Chmielarz, T. Hazubska-Przybył, D. Kulus, M. Maślanka, B. Pawłowska, E. Zimnoch-Guzowska
Cryopreservation of vegetatively propagated plant material is an increasingly widely used method for the efficient and safe storage of germplasm resources around the world. In Poland, there are currently four cryobanks in use for long-term plant protection programs. However, plant tissues propagated in vitro constitute only a small portion of the accessions stored in them. To date, cryogenic storage techniques have been developed and adopted in this country for ornamental plants (roses, chrysanthemums, and geophytes), crop species (potato and garlic), forest tree species (the genera Quercus and Fraxinus ), and some ferns. Polish researchers have used suspension cultures of Gentiana spp. and shoot tips of Lamprocapnos spectabilis to improve cryopreservation knowledge. A better understanding of the benefits of cryopreservation and its widespread implementation in plant biodiversity conservation programs is required. The objective of this review is to provide a concise synthesis of the scientific contributions, current status, and applications of cryogenic techniques for the conservation of in vitro culture-derived plant tissues in Poland. First, the results contributing to research that has been achieved using cell suspensions and advances related to the use of nanoparticles and plant extracts to improve cryopreservation efficiency are discussed. Then, the applications and advances in cryopreservation of ornamental plants (roses, radiomutants, plant chimeras, Lamprocapnos spp., and geophytes), crop species (potato and garlic), forest trees, and ferns are summarized.
{"title":"Cryopreservation of Plant Tissues in Poland: Research Contributions, Current Status, and Applications","authors":"A. Mikuła, P. Chmielarz, T. Hazubska-Przybył, D. Kulus, M. Maślanka, B. Pawłowska, E. Zimnoch-Guzowska","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cryopreservation of vegetatively propagated plant material is an increasingly widely used method for the efficient and safe storage of germplasm resources around the world. In Poland, there are currently four cryobanks in use for long-term plant protection programs. However, plant tissues propagated in vitro constitute only a small portion of the accessions stored in them. To date, cryogenic storage techniques have been developed and adopted in this country for ornamental plants (roses, chrysanthemums, and geophytes), crop species (potato and garlic), forest tree species (the genera\u0000 Quercus\u0000 and\u0000 Fraxinus\u0000 ), and some ferns. Polish researchers have used suspension cultures of\u0000 Gentiana\u0000 spp. and shoot tips of\u0000 Lamprocapnos spectabilis\u0000 to improve cryopreservation knowledge. A better understanding of the benefits of cryopreservation and its widespread implementation in plant biodiversity conservation programs is required. The objective of this review is to provide a concise synthesis of the scientific contributions, current status, and applications of cryogenic techniques for the conservation of in vitro culture-derived plant tissues in Poland. First, the results contributing to research that has been achieved using cell suspensions and advances related to the use of nanoparticles and plant extracts to improve cryopreservation efficiency are discussed. Then, the applications and advances in cryopreservation of ornamental plants (roses, radiomutants, plant chimeras,\u0000 Lamprocapnos\u0000 spp., and geophytes), crop species (potato and garlic), forest trees, and ferns are summarized.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42957919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On overview of over a hundred years of history of Polish palaeobotanical research on the Paleogene and Neogene (formerly Tertiary) is provided. Profiles of the researchers who laid the foundations for the development of paleofloristic research are presented. In particular, we describe individuals who have made significant research contributions, including M. Raciborski, J. Zabłocki, M. Kostyniuk, H. Czeczott, and W. Szafer. Research centers that were revived after World War II gathered scientists who continued and extended work in the field, including M. Łańucka-Środońowa, J. Oszast, A. Skirgiełło, J. Doktorowicz-Hrebnicka, J. Stachurska, and J. Mamczar. This tradition was maintained and developed by researchers of the next generation: L. Stuchlik, E. Zastawniak, A. Sadowska, M. Ziembińska-Tworzydło, I. Grabowska, H. Ważyńska, A. Hummel, Z. Baranowska-Zarzycka, and A. Kohlman-Adamska. Currently, the fourth generation of Polish palaeobotanists, including B. Słodkowska, E. Worobiec, G. Worobiec, P. Gedl, M. Garecka, E. Durska, and R. Kowalski, conduct multifaceted palaeobotanical research, with links to various fields of knowledge, including botany, geology, and palaeoclimatology. Studies of past changes in plant cover provide important insight current climate change.
{"title":"Polish Palaeobotany: 750 Million Years of Plant History as Revealed in a Century of Studies. Research on the Paleogene and Neogene (Tertiary)","authors":"B. Słodkowska, M. Ziembińska-Tworzydło","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9122","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 On overview of over a hundred years of history of Polish palaeobotanical research on the Paleogene and Neogene (formerly Tertiary) is provided. Profiles of the researchers who laid the foundations for the development of paleofloristic research are presented. In particular, we describe individuals who have made significant research contributions, including M. Raciborski, J. Zabłocki, M. Kostyniuk, H. Czeczott, and W. Szafer. Research centers that were revived after World War II gathered scientists who continued and extended work in the field, including M. Łańucka-Środońowa, J. Oszast, A. Skirgiełło, J. Doktorowicz-Hrebnicka, J. Stachurska, and J. Mamczar. This tradition was maintained and developed by researchers of the next generation: L. Stuchlik, E. Zastawniak, A. Sadowska, M. Ziembińska-Tworzydło, I. Grabowska, H. Ważyńska, A. Hummel, Z. Baranowska-Zarzycka, and A. Kohlman-Adamska. Currently, the fourth generation of Polish palaeobotanists, including B. Słodkowska, E. Worobiec, G. Worobiec, P. Gedl, M. Garecka, E. Durska, and R. Kowalski, conduct multifaceted palaeobotanical research, with links to various fields of knowledge, including botany, geology, and palaeoclimatology. Studies of past changes in plant cover provide important insight current climate change.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41703397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palynological studies of the Mesozoic era in Poland began in the 1950s. These investigations developed in many directions, including stratigraphy, systematics of spores and pollen grains and their botanical affinities, as well as paleoecological and paleoclimatic interpretations. In this study, we provide an overview of the most important achievements in Mesozoic terrestrial palynology in Poland.
{"title":"Polish Palaeobotany: 750 Million Years of Plant History as Revealed in a Century of Studies. Mesozoic Terrestrial Palynology and Flora Reconstruction","authors":"J. Ziaja, Anna Fijałkowska-Mader","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9124","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Palynological studies of the Mesozoic era in Poland began in the 1950s. These investigations developed in many directions, including stratigraphy, systematics of spores and pollen grains and their botanical affinities, as well as paleoecological and paleoclimatic interpretations. In this study, we provide an overview of the most important achievements in Mesozoic terrestrial palynology in Poland.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46969686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilona Jukonien˙e, Aurika Ričkien˙e, Monika Kalvaitien˙e, Mindaugas Rasimavičius
Zapiski bryologiczne , a book written by Kazimierz Szafnagel, is a report on the author’s bryological studies conducted between 1882 and 1885 in the territories of present-day Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine. The book was published in 1908 by the Society of Friends of Science in Vilnius after a long period of publishing stagnation caused by the closure of Vilnius University in 1832. Amateur botanist Szafnagel was among the first members to establish the society and was responsible for its botanical collections. In Zapiski bryologiczne , Szafnagel provided 245 moss species from the study areas. In 2018, Szafnagel’s bryophyte collection, comprising 667 moss specimens, was found at the Vilnius University Herbarium. These voucher specimens cover all the collection sites described in Szafnagel’s work. The majority of herbarium specimens (88%) were collected in the territory of Belarus. Szafnagel recognized 225 species in his original collection, but as a result of the current revision, their number decreased to 211 species. This set opened up new possibilities for evaluating the results of Szafnagel’s study, such as confirming the exact specimen referred to in his publication, clarifying the species according to modern nomenclatural concepts, and assessing the impact of landscape changes on the distribution and conservation status of rare species. Szafnagel’s published work and his herbarium can be considered as common heritage of the history of the natural sciences in Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine.
Kazimierz Szafnagel撰写的一本书《Zapiski bryologizne》是作者在1882年至1885年间在当今白俄罗斯、立陶宛、波兰和乌克兰境内进行的苔藓学研究的报告。这本书于1908年由维尔纽斯科学之友协会出版，1832年维尔纽斯大学关闭导致出版停滞了很长一段时间。业余植物学家萨夫纳格尔是最早成立该学会的成员之一，并负责其植物收藏。在Zapiski苔藓学zne，Szafnagel提供了来自研究区域的245种苔藓。2018年，在维尔纽斯大学植物标本馆发现了Szafnagel的苔藓植物收藏，其中包括667个苔藓标本。这些凭证标本涵盖了萨夫纳格尔作品中描述的所有收藏地点。大多数植物标本馆标本（88%）是在白俄罗斯境内采集的。Szafnagel在他的原始收藏中识别了225个物种，但由于目前的修订，它们的数量减少到211个。这一集合为评估萨夫纳格尔的研究结果开辟了新的可能性，例如确认其出版物中提到的确切标本，根据现代命名概念澄清物种，以及评估景观变化对稀有物种分布和保护状况的影响。萨夫纳格尔出版的作品和他的植物标本馆可以被认为是白俄罗斯、立陶宛、波兰和乌克兰自然科学史上的共同遗产。
{"title":"Zapiski bryologiczne by Kazimierz Szafnagel and His Herbarium in the Historical Context of Bryological Studies in Lithuania and Adjacent Regions","authors":"Ilona Jukonien˙e, Aurika Ričkien˙e, Monika Kalvaitien˙e, Mindaugas Rasimavičius","doi":"10.5586/asbp.9127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.9127","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Zapiski bryologiczne\u0000 , a book written by Kazimierz Szafnagel, is a report on the author’s bryological studies conducted between 1882 and 1885 in the territories of present-day Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine. The book was published in 1908 by the Society of Friends of Science in Vilnius after a long period of publishing stagnation caused by the closure of Vilnius University in 1832. Amateur botanist Szafnagel was among the first members to establish the society and was responsible for its botanical collections. In\u0000 Zapiski bryologiczne\u0000 , Szafnagel provided 245 moss species from the study areas. In 2018, Szafnagel’s bryophyte collection, comprising 667 moss specimens, was found at the Vilnius University Herbarium. These voucher specimens cover all the collection sites described in Szafnagel’s work. The majority of herbarium specimens (88%) were collected in the territory of Belarus. Szafnagel recognized 225 species in his original collection, but as a result of the current revision, their number decreased to 211 species. This set opened up new possibilities for evaluating the results of Szafnagel’s study, such as confirming the exact specimen referred to in his publication, clarifying the species according to modern nomenclatural concepts, and assessing the impact of landscape changes on the distribution and conservation status of rare species. Szafnagel’s published work and his herbarium can be considered as common heritage of the history of the natural sciences in Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42781451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan J. Rybczyński, M. Podwyszyńska, Wojciech Tomaszewicz, A. Mikuła
In nature, the tree fern Cyathea smithii lacks meristem multiplication; therefore, a system of vegetative propagation in vitro is required to protect the species’ gene resources. Experiments were carried out on the apical dome of C. smithii J. D. Hooker (soft tree fern, Katote) to determine its morphogenic potential using 1/2 strength of Murashige and Skoog medium containing various concentration of thidiazuron [TDZ; 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea)] (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 µM) supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (0.25 µM). The success of the treatments was determined by the number of regenerants per explant, level of regenerant development, and nuclear DNA content in the green mesophyll cells. The highest number of regenerants was achieved in the presence of 5.0 µM TDZ and the lowest at 0.01 µM TDZ. The quality of development of the regenerants was expressed as the number of formed leaves and their growth per individual plantlet. The highest growth and development of regenerants occurred at the lowest concentration of TDZ (0.01 µM), and the lowest growth and development of regenerants occurred at the highest TDZ concentration (5.0 µM); however, the number of regenerants showed the opposite. In gametophytes, the nuclear DNA content ranged from 4.74–4.78 pg representing haploid level, whereas in sporophytes it ranged from 8.45–9.13 pg and was diploid. These results prove the stability of the regenerant genome after TDZ treatment of meristematic cells.
在自然界中，树蕨Cyathea smithii缺乏分生组织增殖;因此，需要一种体外无性繁殖系统来保护该物种的基因资源。采用1/2强度的含不同浓度噻脲[TDZ]的Murashige和Skoog培养基，对C. smithii J. D. Hooker(软树蕨，Katote)的顶丘进行了形态发生电位测定;1-苯基-3-(1,2,3-噻二唑-5-基)-尿素)](0.01,0.1,1.0和5.0µM)，添加萘乙酸(0.25µM)。处理的成功取决于每个外植体的再生体数量、再生体发育水平和绿色叶肉细胞的核DNA含量。再生剂数量在5.0µM TDZ存在时达到最高，在0.01µM TDZ存在时达到最低。再生体的发育质量表示为形成叶片的数量和每个植株的生长。TDZ浓度最低(0.01µM)时再生体的生长发育最高，TDZ浓度最高(5.0µM)时再生体的生长发育最低;然而，再生体的数量则相反。配子体的核DNA含量为4.74 ~ 4.78 pg，为单倍体，孢子体的核DNA含量为8.45 ~ 9.13 pg，为二倍体。这些结果证明了TDZ处理分生细胞后再生基因组的稳定性。
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