P. Sugier, D. Sugier, O. Sozinov, A. Kołos, D. Wołkowycki, A. Plak, Olha Budnyk
Mountain arnica, Arnica montana L., an herbaceous plant species critically endangered in Europe, is the source of raw material, which is abundant in its secondary metabolites. During the field investigation conducted in Augustow and Knyszyn forests (Poland) and in Grodno Forest (Belarus), the plant species composition and population characteristics were measured. Additionally, to evaluate the edaphic conditions of arnica populations, soil samples were taken and analyzed. The sandy and very nutrient-poor soils are characterized by strong acidity and a very low concentration of macro- and microelements. The analyzed characteristics of the studied populations indicate a good status of populations located in Grodno Forest. However, the very small number of individuals and the very small proportion of flowering individuals in the populations in Augustow Forest and Knyszyn Forest indicate the need for active protective actions. Calamagrostis arundinacea can play the role of a competitor; therefore, during planning active protection, individuals of this species should be eliminated, and particular attention should be paid to the frequency and coverage of this plant species and the plant height of the herb layer. The dependence between population characteristics, especially the proportion of flowering stems and the concentration of available phosphorus, may indicate the effect of the concentration of this macroelement on flowering and, in consequence, provide a greater chance for the generative propagation of this plant species.
{"title":"Characteristics of plant communities, population features, and edaphic conditions of Arnica montana L. populations in pine forests of mid-Eastern Europe","authors":"P. Sugier, D. Sugier, O. Sozinov, A. Kołos, D. Wołkowycki, A. Plak, Olha Budnyk","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3640","url":null,"abstract":"Mountain arnica, Arnica montana L., an herbaceous plant species critically endangered in Europe, is the source of raw material, which is abundant in its secondary metabolites. During the field investigation conducted in Augustow and Knyszyn forests (Poland) and in Grodno Forest (Belarus), the plant species composition and population characteristics were measured. Additionally, to evaluate the edaphic conditions of arnica populations, soil samples were taken and analyzed. The sandy and very nutrient-poor soils are characterized by strong acidity and a very low concentration of macro- and microelements. The analyzed characteristics of the studied populations indicate a good status of populations located in Grodno Forest. However, the very small number of individuals and the very small proportion of flowering individuals in the populations in Augustow Forest and Knyszyn Forest indicate the need for active protective actions. Calamagrostis arundinacea can play the role of a competitor; therefore, during planning active protection, individuals of this species should be eliminated, and particular attention should be paid to the frequency and coverage of this plant species and the plant height of the herb layer. The dependence between population characteristics, especially the proportion of flowering stems and the concentration of available phosphorus, may indicate the effect of the concentration of this macroelement on flowering and, in consequence, provide a greater chance for the generative propagation of this plant species.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46752390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Iziy, A. Majd, M. Vaezi-kakhki, T. Nejadsattari, S. K. Noureini
This report focuses on the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) carrying phycomolecule ligands as a novel plant growth promoter aimed at increasing the crop productivity of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.). Experiments were performed under controlled greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with nine replications. Purslane seeds were treated with four concentrations of ZnO NPs (0, 10, 100, and 500 mg L −1 ) and four concentrations of bulk ZnO (0, 10, 100, and 500 mg L −1 ). The ultrastructural characteristics of the leaves of the plants treated with of 500 mg L −1 ZnO NPs were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the treatment with ZnO NPs increased the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b , carotenoids, and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds significantly more than the treatment with bulk ZnO. Our findings also showed that the application of high concentrations of ZnO NPs is the most effective strategy to considerably induce the antioxidant capacity and enzymes of purslane plants. Furthermore, the seed germination percentage and sprout growth rates were significantly higher in the plants treated with 500 mg L −1 of ZnO NPs (100% ±0.00), compared to the control plants (93.33% ±1.66). The TEM images revealed the concentration of ZnO NPs and cell membrane rupture, as well as a deformation in the shape of chloroplasts and a decrease in their number in the plants treated with 500 mg L −1 ZnO NPs, compared to the control plants. Owing to their toxicity, high concentrations of ZnO NPs lead to oxidative stress in plants. Thus, our findings provide a new alternative strategy for increasing crop productivity, i.e., the application of ZnO NPs as a novel plant growth booster, in comparison with the bulk ZnO treatment.
{"title":"Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant content, germination, and biochemical and ultrastructural cell characteristics of Portulaca oleracea L.","authors":"E. Iziy, A. Majd, M. Vaezi-kakhki, T. Nejadsattari, S. K. Noureini","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3639","url":null,"abstract":"This report focuses on the application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) carrying phycomolecule ligands as a novel plant growth promoter aimed at increasing the crop productivity of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.). Experiments were performed under controlled greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with nine replications. Purslane seeds were treated with four concentrations of ZnO NPs (0, 10, 100, and 500 mg L −1 ) and four concentrations of bulk ZnO (0, 10, 100, and 500 mg L −1 ). The ultrastructural characteristics of the leaves of the plants treated with of 500 mg L −1 ZnO NPs were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the treatment with ZnO NPs increased the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b , carotenoids, and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds significantly more than the treatment with bulk ZnO. Our findings also showed that the application of high concentrations of ZnO NPs is the most effective strategy to considerably induce the antioxidant capacity and enzymes of purslane plants. Furthermore, the seed germination percentage and sprout growth rates were significantly higher in the plants treated with 500 mg L −1 of ZnO NPs (100% ±0.00), compared to the control plants (93.33% ±1.66). The TEM images revealed the concentration of ZnO NPs and cell membrane rupture, as well as a deformation in the shape of chloroplasts and a decrease in their number in the plants treated with 500 mg L −1 ZnO NPs, compared to the control plants. Owing to their toxicity, high concentrations of ZnO NPs lead to oxidative stress in plants. Thus, our findings provide a new alternative strategy for increasing crop productivity, i.e., the application of ZnO NPs as a novel plant growth booster, in comparison with the bulk ZnO treatment.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43402093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Trela, G. Silska, Marek Chyc, D. Latowski, J. Kruk, R. Szymańska
Flax, Linum usitatissimum, cultivars are grown throughout the world. Flax oil is a dietary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, as well as phospholipids, sterols, and phenolic acids. Linseed plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from oxidative damage associated diseases, i.e., atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and inflammation. In this study, two groups of L. usitatissimum seeds were used to evaluate and compare the content and composition of tocochromanols (vitamin E) and fatty acids. Group I included accessions originating from Poland and the Ukraine, while Group II encompassed worldwide flax cultivars (such as from the United States, Argentina, and Italy). A comparison of the tocochromanol profiles showed a higher content in Group I, although there were no significant differences in tocopherol content and composition between the genotypes within this group. All accessions in Groups I and II contained γ-tocotrienol and plastochromanol-8, which confirms the high nutritional value of flaxseeds. The composition of fatty acids varied depending on the varieties, with linolenic acid showing the greatest discrepancy. Based on the tocochromanol content and fatty acid composition, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, which revealed a greater similarity among the accessions in Group I. An analysis of the tocochromanol and fatty acid composition of flaxseeds is important from an agronomic and medicinal perspective and can be used to select the most appropriate flax cultivar.
{"title":"Tocochromanols and fatty acid composition in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) accessions","authors":"A. Trela, G. Silska, Marek Chyc, D. Latowski, J. Kruk, R. Szymańska","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3636","url":null,"abstract":"Flax, Linum usitatissimum, cultivars are grown throughout the world. Flax oil is a dietary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, as well as phospholipids, sterols, and phenolic acids. Linseed plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from oxidative damage associated diseases, i.e., atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and inflammation. In this study, two groups of L. usitatissimum seeds were used to evaluate and compare the content and composition of tocochromanols (vitamin E) and fatty acids. Group I included accessions originating from Poland and the Ukraine, while Group II encompassed worldwide flax cultivars (such as from the United States, Argentina, and Italy). A comparison of the tocochromanol profiles showed a higher content in Group I, although there were no significant differences in tocopherol content and composition between the genotypes within this group. All accessions in Groups I and II contained γ-tocotrienol and plastochromanol-8, which confirms the high nutritional value of flaxseeds. The composition of fatty acids varied depending on the varieties, with linolenic acid showing the greatest discrepancy. Based on the tocochromanol content and fatty acid composition, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, which revealed a greater similarity among the accessions in Group I. An analysis of the tocochromanol and fatty acid composition of flaxseeds is important from an agronomic and medicinal perspective and can be used to select the most appropriate flax cultivar.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71055194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kochan, G. Szymańska, Izabela Grzegorczy-Karolak, P. Szymczyk, Monika Sienkiewicz
The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of callus and suspension culture extracts of Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng). The ginsenoside content and the total phenolic content (TPC) in these cultures were also examined. The total amount of the nine studied saponins was found to be 2.08, 1.69, and 0.202 mg g −1 dry weight in red callus line (RCL), green callus line (GCL), and suspension cultures, respectively, by HPLC analysis. The TPC was estimated using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The TPC of the suspension culture extracts was approximately 36.7% and 17.6% higher than that of the RCL and GCL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the in vitro ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays; the methanolic P. quinquefolium suspension culture extracts demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity than that of the callus cultures.
{"title":"Ginsenoside and phenolic compounds in hydromethanolic extracts of American ginseng cell cultures and their antioxidant properties","authors":"E. Kochan, G. Szymańska, Izabela Grzegorczy-Karolak, P. Szymczyk, Monika Sienkiewicz","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3638","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of callus and suspension culture extracts of Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng). The ginsenoside content and the total phenolic content (TPC) in these cultures were also examined. The total amount of the nine studied saponins was found to be 2.08, 1.69, and 0.202 mg g −1 dry weight in red callus line (RCL), green callus line (GCL), and suspension cultures, respectively, by HPLC analysis. The TPC was estimated using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The TPC of the suspension culture extracts was approximately 36.7% and 17.6% higher than that of the RCL and GCL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the in vitro ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays; the methanolic P. quinquefolium suspension culture extracts demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity than that of the callus cultures.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42884432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arable fields are among the most widespread habitats in Slovakia, but recently, there have been no studies regarding species composition and structure of weed vegetation in these fields. Therefore, we studied the structure of arable weed vegetation and detected α- and β-diversity. The dataset of 507 phytosociological releves in different crop types contains 407 plant taxa in 46 plant families. Native plants dominated over aliens, archaeophytes dominated over neophytes, and 14 plants belonged to invasive taxa. The most common species in the dataset were Tripleurospermum perforatum , Cirsium arvense , and Viola arvensis . Weeds were mostly therophytes, b- and a-euhemerobic, competitors, and ruderals, reproducing by seeds and pollinated by insects. The β-diversity of weed vegetation decreased with elevation and temperature and was higher in the Pannonicum than the Carpaticum region. The highest β-diversity was established in fodder+fallow fields, followed by that in cereals and root-crop fields, and the smallest diversity was found in stubble. Beta-diversity increased from spring to summer and slightly decreased again in fall. Detrended correspondence analysis indicated that the major compositional turnover of weed vegetation was related to light, temperature, moisture, and elevation. Weed vegetation constitutes an important habitat in the landscape that provides refuge to many threatened plants, and this vegetation has important functions in the agro-ecosystem food chain.
{"title":"Weed vegetation of arable land in Slovakia: diversity and species composition","authors":"J. Májeková, M. Zaliberová, I. Škodová","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3637","url":null,"abstract":"Arable fields are among the most widespread habitats in Slovakia, but recently, there have been no studies regarding species composition and structure of weed vegetation in these fields. Therefore, we studied the structure of arable weed vegetation and detected α- and β-diversity. The dataset of 507 phytosociological releves in different crop types contains 407 plant taxa in 46 plant families. Native plants dominated over aliens, archaeophytes dominated over neophytes, and 14 plants belonged to invasive taxa. The most common species in the dataset were Tripleurospermum perforatum , Cirsium arvense , and Viola arvensis . Weeds were mostly therophytes, b- and a-euhemerobic, competitors, and ruderals, reproducing by seeds and pollinated by insects. The β-diversity of weed vegetation decreased with elevation and temperature and was higher in the Pannonicum than the Carpaticum region. The highest β-diversity was established in fodder+fallow fields, followed by that in cereals and root-crop fields, and the smallest diversity was found in stubble. Beta-diversity increased from spring to summer and slightly decreased again in fall. Detrended correspondence analysis indicated that the major compositional turnover of weed vegetation was related to light, temperature, moisture, and elevation. Weed vegetation constitutes an important habitat in the landscape that provides refuge to many threatened plants, and this vegetation has important functions in the agro-ecosystem food chain.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Spalik, A. Wojewódzka, T. Constantinidis, S. R. Downie, Michał Gierek, Ł. Banasiak
Laserpitium pseudomeum is an endemic umbellifer of Greece occurring in the mountains of Sterea Ellas and northern Peloponnese. Molecular data indicate that it is not related to its putative congeners, but instead constitutes an isolated lineage. The nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS tree places it as a weakly supported sister group to Portenschlagiella ramosissima, the sole species in its genus, whereas the tree inferred from three noncoding cpDNA loci does not confirm this relationship. Portenschlagiella ramosissima is sometimes placed in Athamanta, an affinity supported neither by molecular data nor by fruit morphology. Laserpitium pseudomeum notably differs from P. ramosissima in vegetative, flower, and fruit characteristics, and no obvious morphological synapomorphies indicate their close relationship. Therefore, we place L. pseudomeum in the newly described genus Laserocarpum and lectotypify the species with the specimen Orphanides 2019 (G00766460) at G-Boiss.
{"title":"Laserocarpum, a new genus of Apiaceae endemic to Greece","authors":"K. Spalik, A. Wojewódzka, T. Constantinidis, S. R. Downie, Michał Gierek, Ł. Banasiak","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3635","url":null,"abstract":"Laserpitium pseudomeum is an endemic umbellifer of Greece occurring in the mountains of Sterea Ellas and northern Peloponnese. Molecular data indicate that it is not related to its putative congeners, but instead constitutes an isolated lineage. The nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS tree places it as a weakly supported sister group to Portenschlagiella ramosissima, the sole species in its genus, whereas the tree inferred from three noncoding cpDNA loci does not confirm this relationship. Portenschlagiella ramosissima is sometimes placed in Athamanta, an affinity supported neither by molecular data nor by fruit morphology. Laserpitium pseudomeum notably differs from P. ramosissima in vegetative, flower, and fruit characteristics, and no obvious morphological synapomorphies indicate their close relationship. Therefore, we place L. pseudomeum in the newly described genus Laserocarpum and lectotypify the species with the specimen Orphanides 2019 (G00766460) at G-Boiss.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47607301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasankeyf is an ancient city located on the shores of the Tigris River in Batman Province, southeast Turkey. The town and some of its surrounding villages will be soon submerged, due to the construction of Ilısu Dam, which will force the residents to move to new settlements. The aim of the present study was to collect and record the traditional knowledge regarding the indigenous wild plants that will be submerged by this flooding. The study was carried out between March 2017 and April 2019. Interviews were conducted with 72 women and 53 men in the town center and 22 rural settlements, with a focus on the five villages that are due to be submerged. Information about a total of 86 wild edible plants belonging to 32 families was recorded. Interviewees reported that these were used as green vegetables (45 taxa), ripe fruits and seeds (25 taxa), seasoning and preservatives (16 taxa), beverages (nine taxa), and children’s snacks (seven taxa). In addition, the data were analyzed on the basis of the cultural importance index to determine the cultural significance of these wild edible plants and the informants’ knowledge about them. Culturally, the most significant species included Mentha longifolia, Polygonum cognatum, Rosa canina, Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Malva neglecta. In addition, the data were compared with relevant data in the ethnobotanical literature of Turkey and its neighboring countries. Several uses mentioned here are documented here for the first time. Our research highlights the importance of wild edible plants in the daily lives of inhabitants and their potential for economic use. The present study also provides information for future archaeobotanical studies in this region.
{"title":"Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants in Hasankeyf (Batman Province, Turkey)","authors":"Y. Yeşil, İlyas İnal","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3633","url":null,"abstract":"Hasankeyf is an ancient city located on the shores of the Tigris River in Batman Province, southeast Turkey. The town and some of its surrounding villages will be soon submerged, due to the construction of Ilısu Dam, which will force the residents to move to new settlements. The aim of the present study was to collect and record the traditional knowledge regarding the indigenous wild plants that will be submerged by this flooding. The study was carried out between March 2017 and April 2019. Interviews were conducted with 72 women and 53 men in the town center and 22 rural settlements, with a focus on the five villages that are due to be submerged. Information about a total of 86 wild edible plants belonging to 32 families was recorded. Interviewees reported that these were used as green vegetables (45 taxa), ripe fruits and seeds (25 taxa), seasoning and preservatives (16 taxa), beverages (nine taxa), and children’s snacks (seven taxa). In addition, the data were analyzed on the basis of the cultural importance index to determine the cultural significance of these wild edible plants and the informants’ knowledge about them. Culturally, the most significant species included Mentha longifolia, Polygonum cognatum, Rosa canina, Chenopodium album, Urtica dioica, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Malva neglecta. In addition, the data were compared with relevant data in the ethnobotanical literature of Turkey and its neighboring countries. Several uses mentioned here are documented here for the first time. Our research highlights the importance of wild edible plants in the daily lives of inhabitants and their potential for economic use. The present study also provides information for future archaeobotanical studies in this region.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45481298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first reliable information on the occurrence of Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Karkonosze Mts (excluding spots of directly acknowledged anthropogenic origin) was provided by A. Boratyński in 1983, but the status and origin of the plants were unknown. A recent phylogeographical study proved the natural character and relict status of the aforementioned population, which makes it the northernmost and most isolated site within the whole distribution of the species. In this study, we characterized the basic aspects of the ecology and conservation status of the population and, more specifically, focused on assessing the size of the population, general health of individuals, generative propagation ability, habitat conditions, and potential threats for the species. The population persists in the Sowia Dolina (east part of the Karkonosze Mts), in a microtopographically controlled, treeless microrefugium. Shrubs of R. ferrugineum are part of an acidophilous dwarf-heath plant community, similar to those occurring in the Alps and the Pyrenees, although less species-diverse. The plant community in the Karkonosze Mts has been preliminarily classified into the Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion alliance. The R. ferrugineum population consists of 68 individuals: 57 fully grown and juvenile and 11 seedlings. In 2017, 10 individuals flowered, seven of which developed fruits, while in 2018, 15 individuals produced flowers and eight developed mature fruits. Seeds collected in 2017 germinated in high numbers. Plants in the Karkonosze population hosted some fungal parasites typically found in Rhododendron species, but no intense disease symptoms strongly influencing plant fitness were observed. A combination of significant isolation, genetic distinctness, and high genetic diversity implies a high conservation priority for the R. ferrugineum population in Karkonosze. Despite the theoretical threats, including stochastic risks, the R. ferrugineum population seems to have been stable for a long time and, importantly, it is composed of individuals of different ages, from large flowering plants to seedlings.
{"title":"Population characteristics, habitat, and conservation status of Rhododendron ferrugineum L. (Ericaceae), a glacial relict new to Poland","authors":"M. Malicki, W. Pusz, M. Ronikier, Tomasz Suchan","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3634","url":null,"abstract":"The first reliable information on the occurrence of Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Karkonosze Mts (excluding spots of directly acknowledged anthropogenic origin) was provided by A. Boratyński in 1983, but the status and origin of the plants were unknown. A recent phylogeographical study proved the natural character and relict status of the aforementioned population, which makes it the northernmost and most isolated site within the whole distribution of the species. In this study, we characterized the basic aspects of the ecology and conservation status of the population and, more specifically, focused on assessing the size of the population, general health of individuals, generative propagation ability, habitat conditions, and potential threats for the species. The population persists in the Sowia Dolina (east part of the Karkonosze Mts), in a microtopographically controlled, treeless microrefugium. Shrubs of R. ferrugineum are part of an acidophilous dwarf-heath plant community, similar to those occurring in the Alps and the Pyrenees, although less species-diverse. The plant community in the Karkonosze Mts has been preliminarily classified into the Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion alliance. The R. ferrugineum population consists of 68 individuals: 57 fully grown and juvenile and 11 seedlings. In 2017, 10 individuals flowered, seven of which developed fruits, while in 2018, 15 individuals produced flowers and eight developed mature fruits. Seeds collected in 2017 germinated in high numbers. Plants in the Karkonosze population hosted some fungal parasites typically found in Rhododendron species, but no intense disease symptoms strongly influencing plant fitness were observed. A combination of significant isolation, genetic distinctness, and high genetic diversity implies a high conservation priority for the R. ferrugineum population in Karkonosze. Despite the theoretical threats, including stochastic risks, the R. ferrugineum population seems to have been stable for a long time and, importantly, it is composed of individuals of different ages, from large flowering plants to seedlings.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43055481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Pusz, M. Malicki, Katarzyna Patejuk, M. Ronikier, Tomasz Suchan
We report here the first wild locality of Exobasidium rhododendri (Fuckel) C. E. Cramer in Poland. This peculiar species is an obligatory pathogenic basidiomycete, which induces formation of galls on leaves of Rhododendron. It was found for the first time in Poland in 2017 on Rhododendron ferrugineum L. plants in a population of this shrub in the Karkonosze Mts (the Sudetes range). The species was recently shown to be native and a relict. We also present a basic description of the species based on the specimens from the abovementioned locality.
{"title":"First record of Exobasidium rhododendri (Fuckel) C. E. Cramer in Poland","authors":"W. Pusz, M. Malicki, Katarzyna Patejuk, M. Ronikier, Tomasz Suchan","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3632","url":null,"abstract":"We report here the first wild locality of Exobasidium rhododendri (Fuckel) C. E. Cramer in Poland. This peculiar species is an obligatory pathogenic basidiomycete, which induces formation of galls on leaves of Rhododendron. It was found for the first time in Poland in 2017 on Rhododendron ferrugineum L. plants in a population of this shrub in the Karkonosze Mts (the Sudetes range). The species was recently shown to be native and a relict. We also present a basic description of the species based on the specimens from the abovementioned locality.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49353529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mixed-decomposition effects are commonly observed in natural and planted forests and affect nutrient cycling in a forest ecosystem. However, how one litter type affects the decomposition of another is still poorly understood. In this study, Pinus armandii litter was mixed with Betula albosinensis, Catalpa fargesii, Populus purdomii, Eucommia ulmoides, and Acer tsinglingense litter. The mixtures were placed in litterbags and buried in soil with consistent moisture for a 180-day indoor simulated decomposition experiment. The litterbags were periodically harvested during decomposition; the litter residues of different species were separated, and the biomass dynamics of each litter type were simulated. In addition, the soil sucrase, cellulase and polyphenol oxidase activities were also detected three times. The mutual effects of needle and broadleaf litter during mixed decomposition and the possible underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results indicated that (i) during the decomposition experiment, P. armandii needles significantly inhibited the decomposition of broadleaf litter in the first 3 months, while the broadleaf litter accelerated the decomposition of P. armandii needles in only approximately 40% of the cases. However, the inhibitory effects of needles on broadleaf litter decomposition subsequently exhibited significant weakening, while the accelerating effects of broadleaf litter were significantly enhanced. The effects of mixed decomposition on the activities of three enzymes can only partially explain the interactions between different litter types; (ii) the prediction by the decomposition model showed that most of the broadleaf litter types could continuously accelerate the decomposition of P. armandii needles throughout the mixed decomposition process, while the decomposition of broadleaf litter would be significantly inhibited at least in the short term. In general, four of the five broadleaf litter types (excluding E. ulmoides) could accelerate the early decomposition of P. armandii needles and consequently accelerate nutrient cycling in P. armandii pure forests. These species could be used for the transformation of pure P. armandii pure forests to mixed forests.
{"title":"Mutual effects between Pinus armandii and broadleaf litter during mixed decomposition","authors":"Xiaoxi Zhang, Boya Wang, Zengwen Liu","doi":"10.5586/asbp.3629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3629","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-decomposition effects are commonly observed in natural and planted forests and affect nutrient cycling in a forest ecosystem. However, how one litter type affects the decomposition of another is still poorly understood. In this study, Pinus armandii litter was mixed with Betula albosinensis, Catalpa fargesii, Populus purdomii, Eucommia ulmoides, and Acer tsinglingense litter. The mixtures were placed in litterbags and buried in soil with consistent moisture for a 180-day indoor simulated decomposition experiment. The litterbags were periodically harvested during decomposition; the litter residues of different species were separated, and the biomass dynamics of each litter type were simulated. In addition, the soil sucrase, cellulase and polyphenol oxidase activities were also detected three times. The mutual effects of needle and broadleaf litter during mixed decomposition and the possible underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results indicated that (i) during the decomposition experiment, P. armandii needles significantly inhibited the decomposition of broadleaf litter in the first 3 months, while the broadleaf litter accelerated the decomposition of P. armandii needles in only approximately 40% of the cases. However, the inhibitory effects of needles on broadleaf litter decomposition subsequently exhibited significant weakening, while the accelerating effects of broadleaf litter were significantly enhanced. The effects of mixed decomposition on the activities of three enzymes can only partially explain the interactions between different litter types; (ii) the prediction by the decomposition model showed that most of the broadleaf litter types could continuously accelerate the decomposition of P. armandii needles throughout the mixed decomposition process, while the decomposition of broadleaf litter would be significantly inhibited at least in the short term. In general, four of the five broadleaf litter types (excluding E. ulmoides) could accelerate the early decomposition of P. armandii needles and consequently accelerate nutrient cycling in P. armandii pure forests. These species could be used for the transformation of pure P. armandii pure forests to mixed forests.","PeriodicalId":7157,"journal":{"name":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45853969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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