National Academy Science Letters最新文献

In this work, a miniaturized half-side dumbbell-shaped antenna with an asymmetric co-planar waveguide (CPW)—feed is designed and analyzed for the application of radio-frequency identification. This antenna was designed at 5.8 GHz band and operated across the frequency range from 5695 to 5945 MHz (for ({text {S}}_{11}) ≤ − 10 dB), providing the measured impedance bandwidth of 250 MHz. This is achieved within the antenna dimensions of 11.5 × 7 × 1.6 mm³. The simulated return loss characteristics of the antenna were in good agreement with the measured characteristics. The proposed antenna was designed with a miniaturization of about 43.7% compared to a symmetrical CPW-feed antenna and exhibited the same radiation characteristics.

Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White is newly recorded from temperate climatic conditions of Kashmir Valley, northern India, coinciding with the fruiting season of common host plants such as Cucumis sativus, Lagenaria siceraria, Cucurbita maxima, Momordica charantia, Luffa acutangular, Citrullus vulgaris (Cucurbitaceae)., Lycopersicon esculantum (Solanaceae)., Malus domestica, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus persica, Pyrus communis, Prunus domestica, Cydonia oblonga (Rosaceae). Methyl eugenol-baited traps revealed a relative abundance of 44% compared with other species, with maximum trap catches in Srinagar and Kupwara. In field-collected infested fruits and vegetables, B. invadens was highly polyphagous, showing a distinct preference for cucurbit vegetables. The presence of B. invadens poses a severe threat to agriculture and horticulture in temperate climatic conditions of Kashmir and its presence is a cause of concern to both fruit and vegetable growers.

Salinity has deleterious effects on both crops and livestock. The present study evaluated the impact of salinity on livestock-based farming systems by comparing the economics in saline and normal areas of West Bengal. The study also identified the factors affecting gross revenue in production function framework using CD function and resource use efficiency of different livestock-based farming systems. This will help the policy makers to frame policies enhancing livelihood in saline areas and help the farmers to adapt the ideal farming system. In saline area, S2 (1.116) and S3 (1.399) had increasing return to sale. In case of S2 farming system, both concentrate and veterinary services and for S3 concentrate, veterinary services and seed were under used and increasing their level to a optional level will raise the gross revenue. In normal areas, N1 (1.4045) farming system showed increasing return to scale and also there is a scope for further use of fodder, veterinary services and fertilizer efficiently. Based on both resource use efficiency and return to scale S2 should be recommended for landless farmers and S3 for land holders in saline areas and N1 farming system should be recommended for the farmers in normal areas.

Amanita sect. Validae is the most speciose section of subgenus Amanitina. However, to date, no species belonging to this section have been reported from Jammu & Kashmir. In the present study, we report Amanita orsonii for the first time in Jammu and Kashmir. The species has been found under Abies pindrow in a coniferous-dominated forest. Photographs and detailed morphological descriptions for this species are provided.

Statement.

As far as the diversity of macro fungi is concerned, significant research has been carried out throughout the world including India but very little has been done in the study area, which is a part of the North western Himalayas and considering the vegetation and climatic characteristics of the area, there is a huge scope that the area would be home to several unique and interesting macrofungal species with high edibility potential along with the need for research on determining the ethno-mycological aspects and extent of exploitation of these mushrooms as a source of food and traditional medicines.

Regular use of pesticides in farming practices has been a major concern regarding the contamination of drinking water sources. These pesticides are known to be injurious to the majority of aquatic organisms besides causing serious diseases in humans. With the increase in the usage of pesticides over the past few decades, the likelihood of humans being exposed to these chemicals has also increased. The objective of the current study was to ascertain the pesticide concentration i.e., Endosulfan, Aldrin and Dieldrin in various drinking water sources in a township of the hilly region of Uttarakhand. There are only a few isolated studies undertaken in Uttarakhand state to assess the pesticides in drinking water. The results of the present study revealed that these pesticides were recorded in very low concentrations and were well within the permissible limits of WHO and BIS. Nevertheless, the mere presence of pesticides in drinking water seeks urgent attention, especially considering the pristine environment of the mountain region, as these compounds are hazardous to human health and also bioaccumulate in the environment.

The main focus of this research paper is to investigate the properties of group completion within the framework of gyrogroups. Additionally, we establish a relationship between the category of groups and the category of gyrogroups, thereby providing a unified perspective on these two distinct mathematical structures.

Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP-11) belongs to the family of matrix metalloproteinases whose serum level has been reported to be elevated in dogs with mammary tumors. The present investigation focuses on assessing the tissue level expression of MMP-11 in various histotypes of canine mammary tumors (CMT). In this study, 20 CMT tissue paraffin blocks preserved in the laboratory were used. Slides were prepared for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. Hyperimmune serum raised against the canine recombinant MMP-11 (rMMP-11) in mice was used to standardize immunohistochemistry to assess expression of MMP-11 protein in various histotypes of CMT. Based on the histopathological examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections, the CMT tissues were classified into complex carcinoma, mixed mammary tumor, papillary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. A strong MMP-11 expression was observed in 75% of the histotypes of CMT under study. The findings suggest that MMP-11 could act as molecular marker for the immunohistochemistry-based diagnosis of mammary tumors in dogs.

Direct seeded rice (DSR) has several economic and environmental benefits over transplanted rice (TPR), such as ease of planting, less water and labour requirement, short crop period, and reduced methane emission. We studied the incidence of pests: brown plant hopper (BPH), white-backed planthopper (WBPH), leaf folder, whorl maggot, yellow stem borer, and natural enemies like spiders and rove beetles in rice under direct seeded and transplanting methods. Results indicated a significantly higher incidence of BPH and WBPH in TPR (4.81 ± 0.66; 0.24 ± 0.04 respectively) compared to DSR (3.22 ± 0.41; 0.006 ± 0.004 respectively). While the overall percent of leaf folder damage was significantly higher in TPR (1.01 ± 0.12), the percentage of white ears was high in DSR (2.83%) compared to TPR (1.87%). However, no significant difference was observed in the whorl maggot damage and natural enemy populations: spiders and rove beetles. The study also revealed a significantly higher yield in TPR (35.06 q/ha) than in DSR (31.13 q/ha). Our findings highlight the varying pest incidence in TPR and DSR with respect to pest species and emphasize the importance of management practices in DSR to maximize yield.