National Academy Science Letters最新文献

Deepfake videos have become a growing concern in the digital age, presenting a substantial risk to the genuineness and trustworthiness of visual material. As these sophisticated manipulations continue to proliferate, there is a pressing need for advanced tools and techniques to detect and combat them effectively. In this article, we introduce a novel hybrid deep-learning model designed to enhance the accuracy of deepfake video detection using a Transfer Learning approach. Unlike traditional approaches, our hybrid model utilizes smart computer learning to carefully analyze videos for any signs of tampering. It's akin to having a digital detective to safeguard the truth of videos.

During the study of the alpine flora of Roopkund of Chamoli district which lies in lap of Trishul massif, and a part of Indian Western Himalaya, collected many rare, threatened and botanically interesting species of highly biodiverse himalayan hot spot. In the present communication, authors deals the occurrence of Himalayan gentian, Comastoma urnigera first time from Indian Western Himalaya. Earlier, it was reported from Sikkim, a part of Indian Eastern Himalaya. A well detailed morphology, distribution map and photo-plate is provided for easy identification in the field for future taxonomists and students.

Golden anchovy, Coilia dussumieri is a unique fishery with characteristic discrete distribution. The distribution and its abundance are known to be linked with environmental variables. Three of the five selected environmental variables were found to significantly correlate with its abundance along the Gujarat coast. Sea Surface Height (SSH) was the most significantly correlated (r = -0.63; p < 0.05) environmental variable with the Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) of the golden anchovies. The SSH was used as a covariate in the surplus production model to arrive at maximum sustainable yield (MSY). The estimated MSY was much less than what is estimated using a conventional model without environmental variables. Further, the incorporation of environmental covariates improves the model fit significantly. Considering the importance of environmental variables, especially in the climate change scenario, a more conservative estimates from the present study would be adopted for formulating its harvest strategies.

The present study reports the parasitism of cymothoid isopod Renocila bijui Aneesh & Bruce, 2020 from two host fish species, Chrysiptera unimaculata (Cuvier, 1830) and Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835; for the first time. It was also observed and collected from its originally described host species, A. triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) during the study period, confirming its host-specificity to the acanthurid fish group. The observation of R. bijui from C. unimaculata, a pomacentrid fish, indicates its preference for another coral-reef associated fish species as host. Further studies may give more insight into the distribution and behaviour of this isopod species in Indian waters.

Symbiosis, a mutualistic association, involves close interactions between two or more organisms. This relationship is particularly notable in clownfish, a commercially significant marine ornamental species, being played a major role in marine aquarium trade. In the wild, clownfish form species-specific symbiotic bonds with their host sea anemones. Of course, it is a well-documented interaction, however, the underlying mechanisms remain a mystery to researchers. The current study explores the symbiotic relationship between the sebae clownfish (Amphiprion sebae) and its host anemone (Stichodactyla haddoni), as well as a non-host anemone (Heteractis magnifica) in captive condition. Remarkably, this study is the first documentation about the successful association of sebae clownfish with a non-host anemone in captivity. The findings could enhance the marketability of sebae clownfish in the marine aquarium trade, offering new opportunities for enthusiasts and researchers alike.

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) plays a vital role in healthcare applications, where sensor nodes collect and transmit patient data securely. However, ensuring the security and reliability of data in IoMT remains a significant challenge. This research work presents a Trusted Secure Routing Protocol (TSRP) that enhances the security and reliability of data transmission within IoMT and other IoT environments. TSRP focuses on reducing threats such as denial-of-service attacks, unauthorized data interception, and data tampering, thereby strengthening trust and security in routing path selection. The proposed routing protocol comprises network design, routing table formation, and data transmission phases. Simulation results indicate that TSRP outperforms existing protocols, providing a high packet delivery ratio and lesser energy consumption. This proposed routing protocol aims to create a patient-centred, secure, and efficient IoMT environment, ensuring patient safety and healthcare system reliability, while also providing a flexible approach for broader IoT applicability. This adaptable framework can be extended to support other IoT applications such as smart homes, industrial IoT, and smart cities by transmitting the data via secure and trusted routing path.

Litchi produces difficult-to-store seeds, which is generally thought to be limited by desiccation sensitivity and cold intolerance. Experiments on effect of storage conditions on germination of Shahi, China and Bedana cultivar were conducted at ICAR- National Research Centre on Litchi in 2018 and 2019. Fruits of each cultivar were harvested at maturity and separated into three sub-lots: freshly extracted seeds which were sown immediately; the second and third lots comprised extracted and non-extracted seeds respectively, which were further divided into four sub-lots and stored at room temperature, 4 °C, 0 °C and − 20 °C. Stored seeds were sown for germination at weekly intervals. Fresh seeds exhibited more than 90% germination. More than 50% seeds were viable after 15 days at room temperature and at 4 °C. Freezing temperature storage, on the contrary, resulted in total loss of viability. Intact litchi seeds after 2 weeks fail to germinate.

This study presents an innovative High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for quantifying Kojic Acid (KA) in bulk and formulated products. Derived from various fungi, KA is widely used across industries, driving the need for efficient, eco-friendly analysis. The method, validated according to ICH guidelines, uses pre-coated silica gel 60F254 plates and a specific mobile phase, demonstrating excellent linearity (Y = 0.008x - 0.005, R² = 0.995) and high sensitivity (LOD: 0.48 μg/band, LOQ: 1.46 μg/band). It accurately quantifies KA in gel formulations with a concentration of 0.051 ± 0.056 μg/mL. Achieving a high greenness score of 0.81 on the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) scale, this method is cost-effective, precise, and environmentally sustainable, ideal for routine industrial applications.

Intensive use of agri-inputs may impact pollinators’ guild. Surveys conducted in six agro-climatic regions of the state resulted in the collection of total 49 bee specimens, out of which 34 were identified upto species level. Amegilla cingulata, Bombus haemorrhoidalis, Halictus propinquus, Lipotriches fulvinerva, Nomia crassipes and Megachile binghami were recorded for the first time from the state. The DNA barcode sequences of Ceratina hieroglyphica, Halictus propinquus, Nomia westwoodi, Lipotriches fulvinerva, Ceylalictus punjabensis, Coelioxys decipiens, Megachile binghami and Andrena aegyptiaca were registered for the first time in GenBank. Reduction in the number of bee species was observed when compared with the previous reports from the same area.