National Academy Science Letters最新文献

Bacterial diversity of fresh and traditional sun-dried Bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus), an economically important aquatic species have been analyzed through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using Illumina’s MiSeq platform. Culture-independent analysis of DNA extracted from the fish flesh showed that fresh (F1) and traditional sun-dried (D2) Bombay duck exhibited little different bacterial diversity (Shannon alpha diversity 9.03 for F1 and 9.62 for D2), although the sample were collected from separate markets. Rhodobacter (136 OTU) and Pseudomonas (125 OTU) were the dominant bacteria. In contrast to fresh Bombay duck, the absence of phylum Chrysiogenetes and Caldithrix in a dry Bombay duck suggests that these gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to sun drying temperature. The co-occurrence of members of the Campylobacterales and Helicobacteraceae, as well as species of Clostridium, Arcobacter, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, indicates the possibility of cross-contamination. Our work has led us to conclude that the association of bacteria of public health significance with densely populated urban markets makes people vulnerable to microbial threats. The study recommends an effective quality assurance program for the production of safe dry fish for domestic consumption as well as for export.

One of the biggest problems in civil engineering is the failure of earth dams, which has a number of root causes, including the dam’s base and core that are subject to unregulated seepage. As a result, numerous safety measures are taken to guard dams against this occurrence. One of the dam protection techniques is the construction of horizontal, inclined, trapezoidal, or pipe filters. Additionally, to lessen seepage flow that travels more toward the downward side of the dam, cutoffs might be constructed. An earth dam’s footing, pore pressures in the cross–sectional area, and phreatic line, the exit gradient at the dam’s downstream face, and the potential volume of seepage flow may all be calculated using seepage analysis. In recent years, it has been normal practice to employ numerical techniques, analytical techniques, and other modeling techniques to handle the pressure of pore water and dam’s groundwater flow problems. The current article offers in-depth study on the use of GeoStudio (Seep/w) for simulating the seepage analysis problem.

The present work encompasses macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical, preliminary and phytochemical analysis of Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl. The coarse powder of Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl was subjected to cold maceration. The extract was concentrated and subjected to various chemical tests to detect the presence of different phytoconstituents. The physicochemical analysis was also performed. Which includes total ash, water-soluble ash, and acid-insoluble ash values. Alcohol-soluble extractive values. Macroscopical and microscopical study of the stem, root and leaves of N. cordifolia (L.) C. Presl was characterized by standard methods. Methanolic extract showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, carbohydrates, steroids and tannins. The transverse section (TS) of stem revealed the presence of cork, cortex, vascular bundles and pith region and the TS of root showed presence of cork, cortex, vascular bundles and TS of a leaf revealed the presence of dorsiventral nature of a leaf. Powder characters showed the presence of trichomes and scalariform xylem vessels. This study gives a detailed account of the pharmacognostic features of the stem, root and leaf and preliminary phytochemical screening of Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl.

Graphical abstract

The alpine ecosystem plays a significant role in the climatic fitness of the Himalayas. The zone sustains biotic and abiotic factors while keeping human influence at bay. We witnessed a high demographic load in this ecologically sensitive region with an increase in cattle breeding frequency and enhanced tourism activity, which led to the genetic depletion of the threatened Ophiocordyceps sinensis. In this context, climatic factors revealed significant variation across the geographical sites of the northern Himalayas. Further, Principal Coordinates Analysis showed a significant level of fluctuation in cumulative average precipitation and temperature range (TRan), which contained 83.58% of the variation. In the long run, these factors may significantly contribute to the temperature rise and subsequent melting of glaciers. The present study highlights the importance of geospatial monitoring of human and cattle movements, besides focusing on regulating the tourist influx in the eco-fragile zones of the Himalayas.

Chagunius nicholsi (Myers, 1924) was recorded for the first time in the Torsa River of the Jaldapara National Park complex. Two C. nicholsi specimens were collected from the flowing water in the Kodalbasti area of the River Torsa using gill nets with a mesh size of 30 mm. The species is endemic and has only been reported from a few north-eastern regions of India. The current research widens the species' geographic range from its original habitat in the River Torsa of West Bengal, India.

An AI interactive robot can identify human faces, determine the emotions of the person it is chatting with, and then pick appropriate replies using algorithms that analyze facial expressions and recognize faces. One example of these algorithms is facing recognition and emotion recognition algorithms. Deep learning is currently the most effective method for carrying out tasks. We have developed a real-time system that can recognize human faces, determine human emotions, and even provide users with music recommendations by utilizing deep learning and a few Python modules. The OAHEGA and FER-2013 datasets train the models presented in this article. The accuracy of our suggested model was compared to several baseline approaches, and the results were quite affirmative. Anger, fear, pleasure, neutral, sorrow, and surprise are the six feelings that our CNN model can predict.

The Himalayan water shrew, Chimarrogale himalayica, is widely distributed in South and East Asia. However, their distribution and ecology are not properly understood due to the elusive foraging techniques like hiding underwater in streams of riparian evergreen forests. The restricted habitat and food requirement of the species makes it challenging to study. Habitat loss due to anthropogenic pressure is the major concern as the species is more prone to habitat disturbances. The old records are sparse and are sporadically reported in surveys from specific locations worldwide forming its current distribution range. Although the species has a scattered distribution in India, we report the first video graphic evidence of Chimarrogale himalayica's semi-aquatic foraging behavior while attempting to feed on a cascade frog Amolops sp. in a stream. Our finding remains unique and adds information on the extended distribution range of the species from our new record in Jaintia hills, Meghalaya, and helps further understand the shrews’ feeding behavior.

Quality is the essential aspect of pharmaceuticals for both synthetic and herbal products. The quality assessment of the herbals is the most challenging task. In this study, analytical method is developed for simultaneous estimation of the three different standards. The separation method known as high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is very adaptable and economical. The method developed on HPTLC system where in the stationary phase used is tlc silica gel G F254 with aluminum backing and the mobile phase finalized was ethyl acetate: hexane: formic acid (5:5:1) v/v/v. The developed method was then validated in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization and United State Pharmacopeia guidelines. After validation, the developed method was found to be easy, simple, precise and specific. The greenness of the method was evaluated using the AGREE scale.

The objective of bit plane slicing (BPS) is to split the original image into different bit planes. The pixel values are first transformed into binary form and then split into bit planes. The research letter focuses on the concept of realizing the hardware chip for the BPS concept in which (8 × 8) image is configured into 8 planes. The realization is followed using the parallel processing in Xilinx ISE14.7 and functional verification of the planes is done in Modelsim 10.0.