Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.87
Yonggang Xu, Xiangmei Yan, Jing Xiang, Hanwen Ou, Wenzhuo Yang
Cathode optimization is vital for improving the performance of Li-S batteries. Various carbon materials with special morphologies have been proposed and verified to form optimized sulfur/carbon (S/C) cathodes owning high cycling and rate performances. However, the high cost and complexity of material preparation processes hinder their commercialization. Herein, graphitized mesocarbon microbeads (g-MCMB) were used to form sulfur/carbon cathodes for Li-S battery. By simply dry-mixing sulfur powder with g-MCMB, S/g-MCMB cathodes were formed and characterized by galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with S/C cathodes using acetylene black, S/g-MCMB cathodes show better cycling performance, but worse rate performance, which can be attributed to the size and morphologies of g-MCMB particles.
{"title":"Characterization of Sulfur/Graphitized Mesocarbon Microbeads Composite Cathodes for Li-S Batteries","authors":"Yonggang Xu, Xiangmei Yan, Jing Xiang, Hanwen Ou, Wenzhuo Yang","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.87","url":null,"abstract":"Cathode optimization is vital for improving the performance of Li-S batteries. Various carbon materials with special morphologies have been proposed and verified to form optimized sulfur/carbon (S/C) cathodes owning high cycling and rate performances. However, the high cost and complexity of material preparation processes hinder their commercialization. Herein, graphitized mesocarbon microbeads (g-MCMB) were used to form sulfur/carbon cathodes for Li-S battery. By simply dry-mixing sulfur powder with g-MCMB, S/g-MCMB cathodes were formed and characterized by galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with S/C cathodes using acetylene black, S/g-MCMB cathodes show better cycling performance, but worse rate performance, which can be attributed to the size and morphologies of g-MCMB particles.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"28 1","pages":"87 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89584191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.95
Xiao Min Wang, Delong Yang, Yang Su, Na Chen, Lihong Guo, Zhen Li, Hong Gang Li
ZIF-67@Ta2O5 graded hetero-structure material was designed and prepared using F-Ta2O5 as a raw material and Zeolite imidazole ester(ZIF-67) as framework structure material. The hetero-structure Ta2O5 and ZIF-67@Ta2O5 were annealing 6 hours at 900°C in nitrogen ambience. The photolysis properties of the Ta2O5 and ZIF-67@Ta2O5 materials as catalysts for photocatalytic decomposition of water to hydrogen were characterized. The results show that the heterogeneous composite structure formed by cobalt-tantalum oxide and tantalum pentoxide can significantly improve the hydrogen production performance of tantalum pentoxide samples, and the properties of samples obtained under nitrogen atmosphere are better. Among them, the N-50 sample (F-Ta2O5 is 50mg, Cobalt nitrate dosage is 6ml, annealing 6 hours at 900°C in nitrogen ambience) has the best hydrogen production performance, and the hydrogen production rate is 116μmol/g/h.
{"title":"Preparation and Photo-Catalytic Performance of ZIF-67@F-Ta2O5 Hetero-Structure","authors":"Xiao Min Wang, Delong Yang, Yang Su, Na Chen, Lihong Guo, Zhen Li, Hong Gang Li","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.95","url":null,"abstract":"ZIF-67@Ta2O5 graded hetero-structure material was designed and prepared using F-Ta2O5 as a raw material and Zeolite imidazole ester(ZIF-67) as framework structure material. The hetero-structure Ta2O5 and ZIF-67@Ta2O5 were annealing 6 hours at 900°C in nitrogen ambience. The photolysis properties of the Ta2O5 and ZIF-67@Ta2O5 materials as catalysts for photocatalytic decomposition of water to hydrogen were characterized. The results show that the heterogeneous composite structure formed by cobalt-tantalum oxide and tantalum pentoxide can significantly improve the hydrogen production performance of tantalum pentoxide samples, and the properties of samples obtained under nitrogen atmosphere are better. Among them, the N-50 sample (F-Ta2O5 is 50mg, Cobalt nitrate dosage is 6ml, annealing 6 hours at 900°C in nitrogen ambience) has the best hydrogen production performance, and the hydrogen production rate is 116μmol/g/h.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"12 1","pages":"95 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86546895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.119
D. F. dos Santos, Matheus Dos Reis Tayt-Sohn, R. Simão
In this study, it was possible to evidence the efficiency of the use of carbon fiber coating in concrete structures and its application to promote the protection and maintenance of these materials, seeking to prolong the useful life of this type of structure. From mechanical tests, such as compressive strength, it was possible to observe an increase of 37% in the breaking load, as well as an increase of about 40% in compressive strength, when compared to tests with pure concrete. Therefore, the results pointed to the optimization of the mechanical properties of the structure, coated with carbon fiber and cured with epoxy resin. In other words, the use of this external load combined with epoxy resin was an important element in concrete reconstruction and reinforcement. Another interesting point was the issue of the high fiber rigidity observed in the AFM, allowing an excellent interaction with the resin in the coating of the specimen. The study showed that this type of coating can be used for the recovery of structures, as well as a reinforcement element, since many projects have difficulties with the high maintenance cost, as well as the daily monitoring of concrete structures.
{"title":"Evaluation of Mechanical Properties in Concrete Structure Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Coating","authors":"D. F. dos Santos, Matheus Dos Reis Tayt-Sohn, R. Simão","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.119","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was possible to evidence the efficiency of the use of carbon fiber coating in concrete structures and its application to promote the protection and maintenance of these materials, seeking to prolong the useful life of this type of structure. From mechanical tests, such as compressive strength, it was possible to observe an increase of 37% in the breaking load, as well as an increase of about 40% in compressive strength, when compared to tests with pure concrete. Therefore, the results pointed to the optimization of the mechanical properties of the structure, coated with carbon fiber and cured with epoxy resin. In other words, the use of this external load combined with epoxy resin was an important element in concrete reconstruction and reinforcement. Another interesting point was the issue of the high fiber rigidity observed in the AFM, allowing an excellent interaction with the resin in the coating of the specimen. The study showed that this type of coating can be used for the recovery of structures, as well as a reinforcement element, since many projects have difficulties with the high maintenance cost, as well as the daily monitoring of concrete structures.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"33 1","pages":"119 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83104581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.73
Nur Şişman, M. Sofuoğlu, N. Aras, H. Aras
Energy is one of the most important inputs to maintain social and economic improvement in the countries. It is necessary that energy demand should be performed at the right time economically and be of good quality and respectful if increasing environmental consciousness in order to preserve national development and a high standard of living. Turkey's energy use is expected to increase by 50% over the next decade. Turkey's installed capacity has exceeded 88 GW as of January 2019, representing a threefold increase in 15 years. For this reason, an accurate prediction of the consumed energy is critical. Predictions of energy demand in developing countries show more deviations than in developed countries. The essential scope of this study is to develop a new electricity prediction model for Turkey, which has not been used in the literature before. In the study, the global system for mobile communications (gsm) subscribers, fertility rate and cultivated land per capita have been used for the first time in the literature as variables. Factors resulting from health-ecological problems as well as cultural, social and economic changes and differences in Turkey were included in the model to obtain more realistic results. The model was developed between 1975 and 2016, and 73 different economic and social variables were evaluated using artificial neural networks (ANN). The model was established by reducing the number of variables according to the weight ratio. Then, two different cases have been created and tested. Turkey’s electricity consumption has been predicted accurately until 2023 using SPSS Clementine software.
{"title":"Modelling of Turkey’s Energy Consumption Using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"Nur Şişman, M. Sofuoğlu, N. Aras, H. Aras","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.73","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is one of the most important inputs to maintain social and economic improvement in the countries. It is necessary that energy demand should be performed at the right time economically and be of good quality and respectful if increasing environmental consciousness in order to preserve national development and a high standard of living. Turkey's energy use is expected to increase by 50% over the next decade. Turkey's installed capacity has exceeded 88 GW as of January 2019, representing a threefold increase in 15 years. For this reason, an accurate prediction of the consumed energy is critical. Predictions of energy demand in developing countries show more deviations than in developed countries. The essential scope of this study is to develop a new electricity prediction model for Turkey, which has not been used in the literature before. In the study, the global system for mobile communications (gsm) subscribers, fertility rate and cultivated land per capita have been used for the first time in the literature as variables. Factors resulting from health-ecological problems as well as cultural, social and economic changes and differences in Turkey were included in the model to obtain more realistic results. The model was developed between 1975 and 2016, and 73 different economic and social variables were evaluated using artificial neural networks (ANN). The model was established by reducing the number of variables according to the weight ratio. Then, two different cases have been created and tested. Turkey’s electricity consumption has been predicted accurately until 2023 using SPSS Clementine software.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"15 1","pages":"73 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78373648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.127
R. H. Adekar, A. K. Kureshi
After the advent of cellular standards for mobile wireless voice telephony and data transfer, IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 standards evolved for wireless broadband data transfer. The IEEE 802.11 replaced the wired LAN and IEEE 802.16 was to wireless point-to-point provide broadband data transfer. IEEE 802.11 operates in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands whereas IEEE 802.11, which was initially designed to operate on a licensed band, later switched to a 2-11 GHz band. However, both these standards used a 5 GHz unlicensed band for transmission causing the possible overlap of channels. The designed protocols fairly allow the sharing on an ad-hoc basis. IEEE 802.11 operated in distributed coordination mode using Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and point coordinated mode using a dedicated coordinator node called Point Coordination Function (PCF). However, DCF mode allows spectrum sharing for multiple users. Both standards were not designed for coexistence and thereby they may cause interference to each other, degrading their performance. Mechanisms can be designed at various layers such as MAC or PHY to enable the coexistence with desired QoS. In this paper, a performance analysis of the impact of possible interference between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 devices is presented. Therefore, this paper presents the approaches for allowing a reliable operation between IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 when both are sharing unlicensed spectrum 5GHz. In this paper, we propose advancements to the MAC of IEEE 802.16 Base Station (BS) where IEEE 802.11 frame transmissions are not required by an IEEE 802.16 system. Here, Co-existence between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 is permitted without any exchange of data between both standards, and also it provides quality of service for both systems operating at unlicensed spectrum 5GHz.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Heterogeneous Systems Ieee 802.11 and Ieee 802.16 Using Spectrum Sharing Mechanism","authors":"R. H. Adekar, A. K. Kureshi","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.127","url":null,"abstract":"After the advent of cellular standards for mobile wireless voice telephony and data transfer, IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 standards evolved for wireless broadband data transfer. The IEEE 802.11 replaced the wired LAN and IEEE 802.16 was to wireless point-to-point provide broadband data transfer. IEEE 802.11 operates in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands whereas IEEE 802.11, which was initially designed to operate on a licensed band, later switched to a 2-11 GHz band. However, both these standards used a 5 GHz unlicensed band for transmission causing the possible overlap of channels. The designed protocols fairly allow the sharing on an ad-hoc basis. IEEE 802.11 operated in distributed coordination mode using Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and point coordinated mode using a dedicated coordinator node called Point Coordination Function (PCF). However, DCF mode allows spectrum sharing for multiple users. Both standards were not designed for coexistence and thereby they may cause interference to each other, degrading their performance. Mechanisms can be designed at various layers such as MAC or PHY to enable the coexistence with desired QoS. In this paper, a performance analysis of the impact of possible interference between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 devices is presented. Therefore, this paper presents the approaches for allowing a reliable operation between IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 when both are sharing unlicensed spectrum 5GHz. In this paper, we propose advancements to the MAC of IEEE 802.16 Base Station (BS) where IEEE 802.11 frame transmissions are not required by an IEEE 802.16 system. Here, Co-existence between IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 is permitted without any exchange of data between both standards, and also it provides quality of service for both systems operating at unlicensed spectrum 5GHz.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"59 1","pages":"127 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87045670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.17
Hadia Aounallah, M. Zaabat, Abdelouahab Noua, Tarek Diab Ounis
In this study, Aluminum (Al) and Manganese (Mn) co-doped ZnO thin films were successfully synthesized into glass substrates by the sol-gel dip-coating method with different Al concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%). The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the obtained thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–VIS spectroscopy. XRD pattern revealed that the films have a polycrystalline hexagonal structure with a preferred orientation along (101) for undoped ZnO thin films, further the co-doped ZnO thin films show a shift in the preferred orientation to (002) direction without any Mn or Al related phases. The morphological analysis showed that the films have a uniform and dense ZnO grains, without any voids and cracks, and it was found that the surface roughness (RMS) increases from 8,27 to 14,43 nm when the Al doping concentration increased from 1% to 3%; however, when Al doping concentration is 5%, the RMS value decreased to 2,80 nm. From the optical analysis, the higher average transmittance was found to be corresponding to 5% Al doping concentration.
{"title":"Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of (Mn, Al) Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Dip Coating Method","authors":"Hadia Aounallah, M. Zaabat, Abdelouahab Noua, Tarek Diab Ounis","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Aluminum (Al) and Manganese (Mn) co-doped ZnO thin films were successfully synthesized into glass substrates by the sol-gel dip-coating method with different Al concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%). The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the obtained thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–VIS spectroscopy. XRD pattern revealed that the films have a polycrystalline hexagonal structure with a preferred orientation along (101) for undoped ZnO thin films, further the co-doped ZnO thin films show a shift in the preferred orientation to (002) direction without any Mn or Al related phases. The morphological analysis showed that the films have a uniform and dense ZnO grains, without any voids and cracks, and it was found that the surface roughness (RMS) increases from 8,27 to 14,43 nm when the Al doping concentration increased from 1% to 3%; however, when Al doping concentration is 5%, the RMS value decreased to 2,80 nm. From the optical analysis, the higher average transmittance was found to be corresponding to 5% Al doping concentration.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"36 1","pages":"17 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74758131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.105
Gofaone Mogosetso, C. Lebekwe, N. Ditshego
Germanium (Ge) is envisioned as a suitable channel candidate for field-effect transistors (FET). Properties of Ge such as high carrier mobility, compatibility with Si and adaptability with high-k materials makes it comparable to silicon. This paper presents a detailed design of a 30 nm Ge based FinFET by parameter optimization using Silvaco software. Poisson and Schrodinger equation is used to come up with an analytical quantum model. The quantum model is developed based on theory of a double gate (DG) FET but the final design is a trigate (TG) device since they are more scalable. The quantum attributes of DG MOSFET are acquired by adopting the coupled Poisson–Schrodinger equation with the aid of the variational approach. The ratio of channel length (LC) to fin height (Hfin) to fin thickness (tfin) is 4:2:1. The channel length is taken as the gate length (LG) although they are slightly differ mathematically due to side diffusion of the implanted ions. Simulation results show that physical parameters such as dimensions influence electrical characteristics of the device such as threshold voltage (VTH). Much focus is on optimization of the on/off current ratio (ION/OFF) and VTH performances. ION/OFF≈ 106 is achieved at carrier concentration in the range 1 × 1018≤ nd≤ 1.22 × 1018 and in this scenario, VTH = 0.4V . Systematical investigation is presented using IV characteristics to demonstrate the sensitivity or how critical design parameters of Ge FinFET are to the device’s figure of merits. Device performs well at low voltages but breaks down at higher drain voltages (VDS≥ 4V). Gate source voltages (VGS) range between 0.05V≤ VGS ≤ 1V and conductance is dependent on it. Effects of DIBL, which is around 0.031, and velocity saturation are studied to determine how they can be suppressed during the design process.
{"title":"Design of a 30 nm Germanium FinFET by Parameter Optimization","authors":"Gofaone Mogosetso, C. Lebekwe, N. Ditshego","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.105","url":null,"abstract":"Germanium (Ge) is envisioned as a suitable channel candidate for field-effect transistors (FET). Properties of Ge such as high carrier mobility, compatibility with Si and adaptability with high-k materials makes it comparable to silicon. This paper presents a detailed design of a 30 nm Ge based FinFET by parameter optimization using Silvaco software. Poisson and Schrodinger equation is used to come up with an analytical quantum model. The quantum model is developed based on theory of a double gate (DG) FET but the final design is a trigate (TG) device since they are more scalable. The quantum attributes of DG MOSFET are acquired by adopting the coupled Poisson–Schrodinger equation with the aid of the variational approach. The ratio of channel length (LC) to fin height (Hfin) to fin thickness (tfin) is 4:2:1. The channel length is taken as the gate length (LG) although they are slightly differ mathematically due to side diffusion of the implanted ions. Simulation results show that physical parameters such as dimensions influence electrical characteristics of the device such as threshold voltage (VTH). Much focus is on optimization of the on/off current ratio (ION/OFF) and VTH performances. ION/OFF≈ 106 is achieved at carrier concentration in the range 1 × 1018≤ nd≤ 1.22 × 1018 and in this scenario, VTH = 0.4V . Systematical investigation is presented using IV characteristics to demonstrate the sensitivity or how critical design parameters of Ge FinFET are to the device’s figure of merits. Device performs well at low voltages but breaks down at higher drain voltages (VDS≥ 4V). Gate source voltages (VGS) range between 0.05V≤ VGS ≤ 1V and conductance is dependent on it. Effects of DIBL, which is around 0.031, and velocity saturation are studied to determine how they can be suppressed during the design process.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"33 1","pages":"105 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87136147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.49
Medewou Mawuena, P. Chetangny, J. Aredjodoun, D. Chamagne, G. Barbier, S. Houndedako, A. Vianou
Within the framework of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries power networks interconnection project carried by the West African Power Pool (WAPP), operating guidelines have been defined by WAPP and ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERERA) to ensure efficient operation of the interconnected network. Each operator is obliged to comply with these directives to guarantee the stability and reliability of energy supply to ECOWAS countries. The purpose of this paper is to carry out the study of the power flow on the existing Togo and Benin power transmission network and to propose solutions for compliance with the requirements relating to the voltage level required on the interconnection lines or at connection points with neighboring power network operators. The dynamic stability of generators will also be studied to assess the behavior of the network during major disturbances. CEB (Communauté Electrique du Bénin in french) is the power transmission network operator of the Republic of Togo and the Republic of Benin. After the inventory of CEB transmission and production infrastructure and the consumption report, the model of CEB power network is produced as well as the single-line diagram. The power flow calculation is performed with the Newton-Raphson algorithm and the node voltages were calculated using the Cyme software. From the voltage values obtained at the various nodes and depending on the behavior of each generator, solutions are proposed to improve the voltage plan of the power network in accordance with the recommendations of the Regulatory Authority.
{"title":"Load Flow Study of Togo and Benin Transmission Power Network by the Newton-Raphson Method","authors":"Medewou Mawuena, P. Chetangny, J. Aredjodoun, D. Chamagne, G. Barbier, S. Houndedako, A. Vianou","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.44.49","url":null,"abstract":"Within the framework of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries power networks interconnection project carried by the West African Power Pool (WAPP), operating guidelines have been defined by WAPP and ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERERA) to ensure efficient operation of the interconnected network. Each operator is obliged to comply with these directives to guarantee the stability and reliability of energy supply to ECOWAS countries. The purpose of this paper is to carry out the study of the power flow on the existing Togo and Benin power transmission network and to propose solutions for compliance with the requirements relating to the voltage level required on the interconnection lines or at connection points with neighboring power network operators. The dynamic stability of generators will also be studied to assess the behavior of the network during major disturbances. CEB (Communauté Electrique du Bénin in french) is the power transmission network operator of the Republic of Togo and the Republic of Benin. After the inventory of CEB transmission and production infrastructure and the consumption report, the model of CEB power network is produced as well as the single-line diagram. The power flow calculation is performed with the Newton-Raphson algorithm and the node voltages were calculated using the Cyme software. From the voltage values obtained at the various nodes and depending on the behavior of each generator, solutions are proposed to improve the voltage plan of the power network in accordance with the recommendations of the Regulatory Authority.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"12 1","pages":"49 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85263914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.43.137
F. Kehinde, Adediji Victor Adebowale, Olaniyan Olatunji Sunday, Babatola Olumide
The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential impacts of 8.5 MW thermal power plant on soil and water quality within its location, Lekki area, Lagos State. The study area was geo-referenced using the existing map and Geographical Positioning System. Auger was used to sample soil at three different locations within the power plant. The soil samples were prepared and analyzed for the following parameters using standard analytical methods. The parameters include soil texture, Exchangeable cations and anions (H+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42-) Nutrients compounds (NO3-, Total Nitrogen (TN), Organic Carbon (OC) and heavy metals (Fe, Cd, As, and Mn). Surface and groundwater samples were collected within the power plant in triplicate and analyzed for true colour, turbidity, conductivity, salinity, THC and Coliform. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), BOD5, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Organic Matter (OM) and heavy metals (As, Ag, Fe and Mn) of water samples were also analyzed. The soil from the study area is loamy-sand in texture. The average As, Ag, Fe and Mn in surface and groundwater samples were 0.055, 0.025, 3.150, 0.735 and 0.12, 0.080, 6.440 and 0.180 mg/L, respectively. The gas-fired power plant has contaminated the soil and water within its premises with petroleum and heavy metals. The engine stack should be modified to minimize the pollution effects of the power plant on the environment.
{"title":"Assessment of Capacity and Impacts of 8.5 MW Gas Fired Power Plant on Soil and Water Quality in Lekki, Lagos State Nigeria","authors":"F. Kehinde, Adediji Victor Adebowale, Olaniyan Olatunji Sunday, Babatola Olumide","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.43.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.43.137","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential impacts of 8.5 MW thermal power plant on soil and water quality within its location, Lekki area, Lagos State. The study area was geo-referenced using the existing map and Geographical Positioning System. Auger was used to sample soil at three different locations within the power plant. The soil samples were prepared and analyzed for the following parameters using standard analytical methods. The parameters include soil texture, Exchangeable cations and anions (H+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42-) Nutrients compounds (NO3-, Total Nitrogen (TN), Organic Carbon (OC) and heavy metals (Fe, Cd, As, and Mn). Surface and groundwater samples were collected within the power plant in triplicate and analyzed for true colour, turbidity, conductivity, salinity, THC and Coliform. Dissolved Oxygen (DO), BOD5, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Organic Matter (OM) and heavy metals (As, Ag, Fe and Mn) of water samples were also analyzed. The soil from the study area is loamy-sand in texture. The average As, Ag, Fe and Mn in surface and groundwater samples were 0.055, 0.025, 3.150, 0.735 and 0.12, 0.080, 6.440 and 0.180 mg/L, respectively. The gas-fired power plant has contaminated the soil and water within its premises with petroleum and heavy metals. The engine stack should be modified to minimize the pollution effects of the power plant on the environment.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"14 1","pages":"137 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82978167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.43.45
Mohammed Nebbache, A. Youcefi
Using the appropriate procedure, Computational Fluid Dynamics allows predicting many things in several fields, and especially in the field of renewable energies, which has become a promising research axis. The present study aims at highlighting the influence of the curvature correction on turbulence models for the prediction of the aerodynamic coefficients of the S809 airfoil using the Computational Fluid Dynamics code ANSYS Fluent 17.2. Three turbulence models are used: Spalart-Allmaras, Shear Stress Transport k-ω and Transition SST. Experimental results of the 1.8 m × 1.25 m low-turbulence wind tunnel at the Delft University of Technology are used in this work for comparison with the numerical results for a Reynolds number of 106. The results show that the use of the curvature correction improves the prediction of the aerodynamic coefficients for all the turbulence models used. A comparison of the three models is also made using curvature correction since it gave better results. The Transition SST model is the one that gives the best results for the lift coefficient, followed by the Shear Stress Transport kω model, and finally the Spalart-Allmaras model. For the drag coefficient, Transition SST model is the best, followed by the Spalart-Allmaras model, and finally the Shear Stress Transport kω model.
使用适当的程序，计算流体动力学可以预测许多领域的事情，特别是在可再生能源领域，这已经成为一个有前途的研究轴。利用计算流体动力学软件ANSYS Fluent 17.2，研究了曲率修正对S809翼型气动系数预测湍流模型的影响。采用了三种湍流模型:Spalart-Allmaras、剪切应力输运k-ω和过渡海温。本文采用代尔夫特理工大学1.8 m × 1.25 m低湍流风洞的实验结果与雷诺数为106时的数值结果进行了比较。结果表明，曲率修正的使用改善了所使用的所有湍流模型的气动系数预测。由于曲率修正的结果较好，对三种模型进行了比较。对升力系数的计算结果最好的是过渡海温模型，其次是剪切应力输运kω模型，最后是Spalart-Allmaras模型。对于阻力系数而言，Transition SST模式最佳，其次是Spalart-Allmaras模式，最后是剪切应力输运kω模式。
{"title":"Influence of the Curvature Correction on Turbulence Models for the Prediction of the Aerodynamic Coefficients of the S809 Airfoil","authors":"Mohammed Nebbache, A. Youcefi","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.43.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.43.45","url":null,"abstract":"Using the appropriate procedure, Computational Fluid Dynamics allows predicting many things in several fields, and especially in the field of renewable energies, which has become a promising research axis. The present study aims at highlighting the influence of the curvature correction on turbulence models for the prediction of the aerodynamic coefficients of the S809 airfoil using the Computational Fluid Dynamics code ANSYS Fluent 17.2. Three turbulence models are used: Spalart-Allmaras, Shear Stress Transport k-ω and Transition SST. Experimental results of the 1.8 m × 1.25 m low-turbulence wind tunnel at the Delft University of Technology are used in this work for comparison with the numerical results for a Reynolds number of 106. The results show that the use of the curvature correction improves the prediction of the aerodynamic coefficients for all the turbulence models used. A comparison of the three models is also made using curvature correction since it gave better results. The Transition SST model is the one that gives the best results for the lift coefficient, followed by the Shear Stress Transport kω model, and finally the Spalart-Allmaras model. For the drag coefficient, Transition SST model is the best, followed by the Spalart-Allmaras model, and finally the Shear Stress Transport kω model.","PeriodicalId":7184,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Engineering Forum","volume":"79 1","pages":"45 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81256864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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