Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research最新文献

Biopolymers from renewable bio-based resources provide a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived plastics, but limitations like brittleness and cost restrict applicability. Blending offers an affordable route to combine the advantages of different biopolymers for tailored performance. However, most biopolymer pairs are intrinsically immiscible, necessitating compatibilization to obtain optimal blend morphology, interfacial interaction, and properties. This review summarizes key compatibilization strategies and recent advances in tailoring biopolymer blends. Non-reactive techniques using block or graft copolymers can increase compatibility, though property enhancements are often modest. More impactful are reactive methods, which functionalize and form compatibilizing copolymers in-situ during melt-blending. Nanoparticle incorporation also effectively compatibilizes through interface localization and morphology control. These strategies enable significant toughening and compatibilization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and other brittle biopolyesters by blending with ductile polymers such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)((PBAT) or elastomers like natural rubber. Properly compatibilized PLA blends exhibit major simultaneous improvements in elongation, strength, and impact resistance. Using inexpensive starch decreases cost but requires compatibilization to maintain adequate properties. Nanoparticles additionally impart functionality like barrier and flame retardance. However, quantitatively correlating interaction, processing, morphology, and properties will enable further blend optimization. Developing tailored reactive chemistries and nanoparticles offers potential beyond conventional techniques, and retaining biodegradability is also crucial. Overall, compatibilization facilitates synergistic property combinations from complementary biopolymers, providing eco-friendly, high-performance, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional plastics across diverse applications.

In recent decades, demand for sustainable materials in place of low cost and high strength materials has been trigged globally, which has motivated researchers towards biocomposites/green composites. The PLA has been the most promising matrix material for suistanable biocomposites owing to its biodegradability, good availability, eco-friendliness, antibacterial property, and good mechanical and thermal properties. The PLA-based biocomposites are economical, full/partial biodegradable depends upon types of reinforcement, light in weight, and also offer good thermal and mechanical properties. A number of research works have been performed on PLA and its biocomposites to explore their potential for sustainable products. However, no comprehensive review with up-to-date research data on PLA and its biocomposites are reported so far. This fact motivated to summerize the reported studies on PLA and its biocomposites. The aim of present review is to highlight the current and past trends in the research of PLA and its biocomposites. This review article covers current and past efforts reported by researchers on the synthesis and sustainability of PLA, processing, characterization, applications and future scope of its biocomposites. This study observed that PLA-based composites are the most emerging materials that can replace existing non-biodegradable and non-renewable synthetic materials. The PLA-based biocomposites could be considered as the best source of sustainable products. PLA's mechanical and thermal properties can be enhanced by reinforcing the nano and micro sizes of natural fibers and cellulose.

Polymers have proven to be a successful alternative to conventional toxic corrosion inhibitors. Because they have a lot of electron-rich donor sites, they can effectively adsorb on metallic surfaces, offering excellent surface coverage and protection. They have a large number of applications in coating and anti-corrosion solution phases. Currently, corrosion science and engineering strongly encourage the invention and utilization of biodegradable, nonbioaccumulative, and eco-friendly materials because of the increasing demand for green chemistry and sustainable developments. This prompts the widespread use of natural polymers. Unfortunately, they frequently experience physiochemical changes that negatively impact their performance, especially at high temperatures and electrolyte concentrations. The extraction, purification, characterization, and application of natural polymers are typically laborious, drawn-out and not cost-effective approaches. Therefore, biodegradable synthetic polymers (BDSPs) have emerged as ideal substitutes for sustainable corrosion protection. There are numerous studies that cover the various facets of corrosion inhibition, but they rarely discuss BDSPs' overall corrosion inhibition potential. The current report discusses the potential of common BDSPs to inhibit corrosion. The obstacles and potential of using biodegradable synthetic polymers in sustainable corrosion mitigation have also been discussed.

Plastics are the most utilized materials for product packaging in most manufacturing industries, from electronics to food and fashion accessories. However, numerous challenges surround plastics because of their non-biodegradability, which poses a severe threat to the environment. This study has uncovered the possibilities of replacing and discouraging the use of plastics in the packaging of products. A few scholarly articles have successfully proven that biopolymers which are valuable polymers obtained from plant-based and organic materials are better for packaging products. Unlike plastics, biopolymers are biocompatible and biodegradable within a short period, which would help preserve the ecosystem and are healthier for humans. More specifically, biopolymers have found valuable applications in consumer products, medical, electrical, and structural products. Numerous studies on plastic are still ongoing, owing to the increasing demand and quest for removing plastics from human communities, making this area of study very prolific and grey.

Researchers frequently turn to the adaptable material known as elastomers for various industrial products, including soft robotics, astronautics equipment, vehicles, tissue engineering, self-healing, and constructional materials. The typical lower modulus of popular elastomers is accompanied by weak resistance to chemicals and abrasion. Most commonly, the rubbery polymers are called elastomers and may be readily expanded to lengths several times longer than they were originally. Although the polymeric chains continue to have some mobility, the cross-linkers keep them from wandering indefinitely in relation to one another. The material could become stiff, hard, and more similar in qualities to a thermoset if there were a lot of cross-links. Elastomers have inherent apparent, thermal processing, and mechanical properties, making additive manufacturing (AM) challenging. The advent of additive manufacturing, formerly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, inspired academic and industrial researchers to combine elastomeric properties with design freedom and the potential for straightforward mass customization. Elastomers are employed in the adhesive industry because they have high adherence qualities. The elastomers may also be utilized extensively in daily applications due to their excellent adherence to various filler kinds and other characteristics. This review article explores current advancements in diverse elastomer types, 3D printing advances, functional elastomers, and applications in several sectors in the context of these developments. The discussions also include the present-day difficulties from the perspective of product development.

The exhaustion of available natural resources and rising concerns about the environment have prompted a growing desire to discover innovative ways to produce environmentally friendly materials. In an effort to alleviate environmental issues connected to the disposal of agricultural waste, many studies have engaged on research pertaining to agricultural waste management. Every year, there are enormous amounts of agro based waste created, which is a major issue from an economic and environmental standpoint. These wastes can be utilized as secondary raw materials to create value-added products in accordance with the circular economy's guiding principles. The exploitation of natural agricultural wastes has become critical for the development of sustainable biopolymer-based composites for lightweight applications. To this extent, this review presents an overview of the development and utilization of agricultural wastes to create biopolymers building blocks to be coupled with natural reinforcements for the fabrication of sustainable bio composites for lightweight applications. Common agricultural derived biopolymers are discussed. This review also highlights major bio composite fabrication methodologies and potential applications including challenges and opportunities in the development of sustainable biopolymer-based composites from agricultural waste biomass. It was concluded that the development of sustainable biopolymer-based composites from agricultural biomass offers a promising route towards a more environmentally friendly future.

Due to the deleterious environmental consequences resulting from a broad spectrum of synthetic polymers during use or post-application disposal, interest in biomaterials obtained from eco-friendly and sustainable sources is growing. This review first examines some of the fundamental concepts regarding biologically-derived nanoparticles (“bionanoparticles”) extracted from the two most prevalent polymers on the planet: natural cellulose and chitin. With this background established, we turn our attention to several advances in this expanding field. Recent rheological studies have established that a “kink” often reported in steady-shear tests of fibrous nanocellulose suspensions is related to anisotropic flocs. Thorough analysis of this observation demonstrates the existence of dual yield points that pinpoint the processing conditions over which these flocs form. Another advance is isothermal titration calorimetry, which relates the formation of structure to viscous heating and provides a uniquely quick and precise analysis tool for measuring the concentration of cellulose nanocrystals responsible for the onset of mesomorphism in aqueous suspensions. In addition, the incorporation of various electrolytes in aqueous nanocellulose or nanochitin suspensions is capable of promoting cellulose or chitin nanocrystal (de)swelling or suspension templating of solid films, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy can be used to follow changes in nanoscale free volume upon swelling in the presence of moisture, which can be independently used in conjunction with CO₂-philic ionic liquids to achieve highly selective carbon capture in hybrid gas-separation membranes.

Magnesium (Mg) & its alloys are favourable for orthopaedic & cardiovascular medical device fabrication applications, but holds a natural ability to degrade biologically when put with aqueous solution of the substances and/or water-saturated tissue in the context of a living organism. Mg alloys nature to corrode inside the living organism body is mainly attributed to the excessive rates of corrosion of Mg. Poor corrosion resistance possessed by Mg decreases the mechanical properties of the implants, and adds toxic effects on the bone metabolism. A potential method for increasing Mg alloy resistance to corrosion without changing its properties is by the protective polymeric deposit coatings. Moreover, to impart better mechanical and biocompatible aspects to Mg based materials biopolymers have been used as a composite constituent. This review is based on such composite materials constituting Mg and biopolymers. Their resulting favourable mechanical and osteopromotive properties in conjunction with biocompatibility may help the clinicians to fix the existing orthopaedic related issues.

Polymer-based drug delivery systems have been extensively studied for decades. These systems must be degradable, capable of controlling drug release kinetics, and of reaching a precise target organ. While degradability is an intrinsic property of the material, controlled and targeted drug delivery is achieved with proper system design. The Molecular Imprinting technique can be used successfully to control the drug release kinetics and to achieve drug targeting. To date, the literature reports a very limited number of studies related to molecularly imprinted polymers for nanomedicine. The lack of applications is mainly due to the difficulties of obtain degradable materials with this technique. The present review reports a summary of the applications and characteristics of molecularly imprinted polymers, with a focus on their potential in nanomedicine. The advantages of their use and any limitations will be highlighted. Finally, the applications of the molecular imprinting technique, developed so far, to the preparation of degradable materials will be reported.

One of the most widespread versions of additive manufacturing technologies (AM) is fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling (FDM), using polymer melts to print freeform structures. Due to specific rheological and processing conditions, interlayer adhesion, shrinkage, and warpage problems, standard polymer grades do not always meet all requirements, so more polymers must be combined to achieve the optimum solution. These combinations include traditional blending technologies (with or without compatibilizer additives), reactive extrusion, and mixing incompatible phases with mechanical interlocking. Combining layers of different polymers in laminated structures, improving the interlayer strength of one-component prints, and developing core-shell filaments also require solving compatibility problems. This mini-review shows representative examples from blending engineering polymers, high-performance polymers, multilayer and coextruded structures, and biodegradable polymers and discusses the solutions characterizing the extrusion-based additive manufacturing technologies, which sometimes differ from multicomponent materials used in injection molding.