Acta radiologica open最新文献

Background: Risk factors are traits or behaviors that have an influence on the development of breast cancer (BC). Awareness of the prevalent risk factors can guide in developing prevention interventions.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between the breast density, body mass index, and the risk of breast cancer development in relation to the menopausal status in a native African-Arab population.

Material and methods: The study included 30,443 screened females who were classified into cancer and non-cancer groups and each group was further sub-classified into pre- and postmenopausal groups. The breast density (BD) was reported and subjectively classified according to the 2013 ACR BI-RADS breast density classification. The weight and height were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to the WHO BMI classification.

Results: A statistically significant difference was calculated between the mean BMI in the cancer and non-cancer groups (p: .027) as well as between the pre- and postmenopausal groups (p < .001). A positive statistically insignificant correlation was calculated between the breast density and the risk of breast cancer in the premenopausal group (OR: 1.062, p: .919) and a negative highly significant correlation was calculated in the postmenopausal group (OR: 0.234, p < .001).

Conclusion: BMI and BD are inversely associated with each other. The current studied population presented unique ethnic characteristics, where a decreased BD and an increased BMI were found to be independent risk factors for developing breast cancer.

Background: Systemic air embolism is a rare, however potentially fatal, low incidence, complication to CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of lung lesions.

Purpose: The purpose of this review of case reports and series was to pool data about this rare complication and glance for a pattern or similarities in the patients' initial symptoms and course, as well as the management of the patients in relation to current guidelines.

Material and methods: PubMed was searched for case reports and case series about systemic air embolisms following CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of lung lesions from inception to November 2021. A reviewer screened the results for eligibility and included studies which reported at least two outcomes of interest. Data was extracted by one author and a descriptive analysis was conducted.

Results: Of 1,136 studies screened, 83 were eligible for inclusion involving 97 patients. The mean age was 64.8±11.7 years and ≈60% of the patients were men. In 15 cases the outcome was fatal, and most of the fatal cases (n = 12) had cardiac arrest as the primary initial symptom. In addition to conventional oxygen therapy, 34 patients received hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and in 30 cases the physician in charge chose to change the patient from standard supine position to - most often - Trendelenburg position.

Conclusion: No similarities were found that could lead to more rapid diagnosis or more correct management. The staff should keep systemic air embolisms in mind, when more common complications are ruled out, and consider hyperbaric oxygen therapy in case of suspicion.

Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a dangerous condition that results from disruption of the intimal part of the wall of the internal carotid artery. It is a rare disease that may occur spontaneously or as a result of a trauma. Spontaneous dissections of the carotid artery are rare but important causes of ischemic stroke because they usually affect young and middle-aged patients. Up to date, only a few cases were described in the literature about ICA dissection causing isolated cranial nerve palsies, with the Hypoglossal nerve being the most affected. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old man presenting with progressive dysarthria, dysphagia to liquid diet, and difficult mastication. He was diagnosed as a case of cervical internal carotid dissection with pseudoaneurysm formation causing mass effect resulting in a compressive ipsilateral Hypoglossal nerve palsy based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Angiography confirmed the presence of dissecting pseudoaneurysm which was eventually managed by stenting. This case was reported to highlight and emphasize the importance of radiology, whether diagnostic or interventional, in managing rare and challenging cases such as ICA dissection.

Background: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a pediatric autoinflammatory disorder presenting with sterile inflammatory bone lesions. Whole-body MRI (WBMRI) has most recently emerged for disease assessment, but data are limited.

Purpose: The purpose is to evaluate the imaging findings and patterns of CNO on WBMRI in a series of Greek pediatric patients.

Material and methods: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging studies of all children with documented CNO, performed in a single tertiary center, were retrospectively reviewed. WBMRI included coronal T1 and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR), whole spine sagittal STIR, and ankle/foot sagittal STIR images. High signal intensity lesions on STIR images corresponding to bone marrow edema were recorded. The SPSS v.20 statistical package was used for descriptive statistics.

Results: Twenty children were included (mean age: 12, range: 6-16 years) with 1-31 lesions (mean: 11.8) on WBMRI. Two children had unifocal disease localized at the clavicle, three paucifocal (1-4 lesions), and 15 multifocal bone involvement. All but two children presented with ankle pain and exhibited lesions at the bones of the ankle joint (90%) followed by the knee (50%) and pelvis (10%). The tibia was the most frequently affected bone (70%) followed by calcaneus (60%), fibula (50%), femur (45%), talus, and metatarsals (45%). No lesions in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine, and mandible were documented. Only small sacral lesions were seen in 25% of patients with the extensive peripheral disease. Bilateral metaphyseal and epiphyseal involvement with transphyseal extension were common, but the periosteal reaction and well-defined lesion margins were rare.

Conclusion: Frequent involvement of the foot and ankle and paucity of substantial spinal involvement were seen in Greek pediatric patients with CNO.

Background: Brain CT needs more attention to improve the extremely low image contrast and image texture.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of iterative progressive reconstruction with visual modeling (IPV) for the improvement of low-contrast detectability (IPV-LCD) compared with filtered backprojection (FBP) and conventional IPV.

Materials and methods: Low-contrast and water phantoms were used. Helical scans were conducted with the use of a CT scanner with 64 detectors. The tube voltage was set at 120 kVp; the tube current was adjusted from 60 to 300 mA with a slice thickness of 0.625 mm and from 20 to 150 mA with a slice thickness of 5.0 mm. Images were reconstructed with the FBP, conventional IPV, and IPV-LCD algorithms. The channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) model was applied in conjunction with the use of low-contrast modules in the low-contrast phantom. The noise power spectrum (NPS) and normalized NPS were calculated.

Results: At the same standard and strong levels, the IPV-LCD method improved low-contrast detectability compared with the conventional IPV, regardless of contrast-rod diameters. The mean CHO values at a slice thickness of 0.625 mm were 1.83, 3.28, 4.40, 4.53, and 5.27 for FBP, IPV STD, IPV-LCD STD, IPV STR, and IPV-LCD STR, respectively. The normalized NPS for the IPV-LCD STD and STR images were slightly shifted to the higher frequency compared with that for the FBP image.

Conclusion: IPV-LCD images further improve the low-contrast detectability compared with FBP and conventional IPV images while maintaining similar FBP image appearances.