Alpha psychiatry最新文献

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between parental smartphone addiction and preschool children's emotional regulation.

Methods: A total of 818 preschool children, aged between 3 and 6 years, and their fathers and mothers were included in the study. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Emotional Regulation Checklist and the Chinese version of the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale. SPSS v. 20.0 was used to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Mplus v. 7.11 was used to conduct structural equation model analysis.

Results: Girls' emotional regulation was significantly stronger than boys' (P = .037). The emotional regulation of preschool children in the older class was significantly stronger than that of preschool children in the intermediate class and primary class (P = .045). There was no significant difference in emotional regulation between intermediate class children and primary class children (P = .213). Fathers' smartphone addiction (FSA) and mothers' smartphone addiction (MSA) were significant negative predictors of preschool children's emotional regulation (β _MSA = -0.541, β _FSA = -0.250). Mothers' smartphone addiction had a significantly stronger predictive effect on preschool children's emotional regulation than fathers' smartphone addiction.

Conclusion: This study adds to previous research on parental smartphone addiction and preschool children's emotional regulation. The findings suggest that it is necessary to consider parental smartphone addiction, especially mothers' smartphone addiction, when developing intervention programs to enhance preschool children's emotional regulation.

Addiction comes in various forms and can be related to substances like cocaine, opioids, alcohol, cannabis, amphetamine, and nicotine, as well as behaviors like gambling or sex addiction. The impact of addiction places increased economic and medical burdens on society. Currently, the management of addiction is more focused on symptomatic relief rather than targeting the reinforcing mechanisms of dependence on addictive substances and behaviors. The aim of this review is to identify the specific roles of dopamine and glutamate in addiction, which can guide us to treat the cause rather than the symptoms. The synergistic effect of glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitters plays a crucial role in the development of pathological neuroplasticity in the mesolimbic system, causing compulsive consumption of the substance. Utilizing the brain's natural synthesis of substances such as Kynurenic acid (KYNA) derivatives could potentially disrupt the synergistic effect of glutamate and dopamine. By blocking glutamate release and increasing dopamine release, individuals may experience reward or pleasure without the need for addictive substances. Under this pretext, the review article explores the possibility of memantine and galantamine as maintenance treatment for addiction of various forms.

Objective: The psychiatric disorders among healthy carriers of hepatitis B (HBsAg), who have no severe physical disability or any medical treatment, have clinical importance. We aimed to research the comorbid psychiatric disorders and alexithymia and to identify whether alexithymia and accompanying somatic symptoms predict the presence of psychiatric diagnoses or not among HBsAg carriers.

Methods eighty-nine: healthy carriers of Hepatitis B patients and nınety-three healthy individuals were included to study. Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV) (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) were applied.

Results: When the distribution of SCID I psychiatric diagnoses among healthy HBsAg carriers examined, majority of the patients (n = 53, 59.6%) had any psychiatric diagnosis. The logistic regression model evaluating whether number of somatic symptoms and alexithymia predict the psychiatric diagnosis, we observed that number of somatic symptoms predicted the presence of psychiatric diagnosis (odds ratio = 2.762, P < .001).

Conclusion: Our findings revealed that alexithymia may potentiate the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in such patients and that it requires more consideration. So, our results suggest that HBsAg carriers need multidisciplinary evaluation including hepatology, infection clinics and psychiatric liaison.

Background: Studies evaluating the efficacy of detached mindfulness (DM) as a standalone intervention for patients with panic disorder are lacking in the literature. In this context, the aim of this open study was to evaluate the efficacy of DM in patients with panic disorder.

Methods: The study was conducted in 11 patients (7 females and 4 males). The DM therapy process was applied to the patients. The clinical course was followed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results: Patients' attendance at therapy and completion of DM homework were found to be quite good. Patients' PDSS scores decreased significantly at the end of treatment compared to baseline. A similar change was seen in the BAI and BDI scores.

Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be stated that DM is an effective, easily applicable, and highly therapeutic method for the treatment of patients with panic disorder. However, the present study needs to be supported by future studies with larger samples.

Objective: Mental health services are a neglected problem within primary care. Quality mental health service delivery at the primary level hinges on identifying and addressing related questions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the issues and solution proposals regarding service delivery based on the experiences of primary care workers in managing mental illnesses.

Methods: This research was conducted using the focus group interview method, which is one of many qualitative research techniques. The study sample consisted of 8 physicians and 9 healthcare workers providing primary healthcare (PHC) services in a city. The data collection process was carried out using a semi-structured interview form and a personal information form. The interviews were recorded and later transcribed. Subsequently, main themes and subthemes were identified through content analysis and a detailed content analysis was conducted based on these themes.

Results: Themes from interviews with PHC workers included education/training needs, service delivery barriers, and recommendations. The study revealed that PHC workers lack current knowledge on mental illnesses. There was fear of stigma regarding mental illness within the community. Workers experienced systemic issues such as heavy workloads, inadequate physical space, and inability to access data.

Conclusion: To reduce the treatment gap in primary mental health services and enhance access to high-quality mental health care, it would be beneficial to regularly update healthcare personnel training in mental health and increase public mental health literacy to prevent stigma and promote help-seeking behavior.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in narcissistic personality traits and empathy deficits in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) after pharmacotherapy, focusing on psychostimulant treatment. Understanding these comorbidities is crucial for optimizing treatment and improving therapeutic outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional cohort study consisted of 75 randomly selected ADHD patients. The patients were started on methylphenidate or atomoxetine as per the indications for treatment. A Sociodemographic Data Form, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), and Empathy Quotient (EQ) were applied. Based on the study design, Adult ASRS, PNI and EQ were re-administered to the patients at the end of 3 months of treatment. The levels of pathological narcissism and empathy in patients were assessed before and after treatment.

Results: The median and minimum-maximum in PNI grandiosity score decreased significantly from 67.00 (30-108) before treatment to 60.00 (24-102) after treatment (P < .001). The mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) PNI Vulnerability score decreased statistically significantly from 63.83 ± 26.02 before treatment to 60.06 ± 24.64 after treatment (P = .003). The median and minimum-maximum in PNI total score was 134.50 (64-208) pre-treatment, which showed a statistically significant decrease after treatment (P < .001). The mean ± SD EQ score decreased statistically significantly from 33.86 ± 7.03 before treatment to 36.53 ± 7.55 after treatment (P = .001).

Conclusion: Psychostimulant treatment in adult ADHD patients can ameliorate narcissistic traits and enhance empathy, thereby improving social functioning and interpersonal relationships. These findings suggest that psychostimulants may positively modulate neural circuits involved in narcissism and empathy, potentially leading to better treatment outcomes.

Objective: Studies have demonstrated that the combination of antipsychotics and Pingxin Dingzhi Decoction (PXDZD) can effectively enhance treatment efficacy for schizophrenia (SCZ), while simultaneously reducing the adverse reactions associated with antipsychotic treatment. However, the exact mechanism by which PXDZD exerts its therapeutic effects is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the action mechanism of PXDZD using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.

Methods: The primary components and their protein targets of PXDZD were extracted from TCMSP, SYMMAP, and HERB databases. The targets related to SCZ were acquired from OMIM and DisGeNET databases. The overlapping targets between composite targets and disease targets were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in the STRING database. The identified targets underwent GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, followed by molecular docking studies of the core target proteins and active compounds.

Result: The screening process yielded 285 PXDZD component targets and 1982 disease targets, ultimately leading to the identification of 120 shared targets. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that PXDZD treatment for SCZ engages a diverse range of biological mechanisms, including inflammatory responses and apoptotic processes, while also modulating various signaling pathways such as the PI3K-Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways. The molecular docking results revealed a strong affinity of Estrogen Receptor 1 (ER1) toward both β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, while kaempferol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol demonstrated significant binding potential against TNF-α.

Conclusion: Pingxin Dingzhi Decoction can play a role in treating SCZ through its multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway approach.

Objective: To assess the effect of Chinese medicine affective therapy on psychotherapy for mild to moderate depression in hemodialysis patients, and to provide a reference basis for clinical practice.

Methods: Clinical data (January 2021-January 2023) from the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into control (routine care) and observation (routine care + Chinese medicine affective therapy) groups. The data of anxiety self-assessment scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), general well-being scale (GWB) and Health Questionnaire (SF-36) were compared between the two groups.

Results: PSM matched 80 patients each in observation and control groups, showing no significant baseline differences. Pre-care scores (SAS, SDS, PSQI, GWB, SF-36) had no notable discrepancies (P > .05). Post-care, SAS, SDS, PSQI were lower in the observation group (P < .05), while GWB and SF-36 scores were higher (P < .001). The SAS, SDS, and PSQI scores were lower in the observation group relative to the control group after care (All P-values were < .05), whereas the GWB and SF-36 score scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (All P-values were < .05).

Conclusion: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) affective therapy may be able to improve the quality of sleep, quality of life, and general well-being of hemodialysis patients with mild-to-moderate depression, as well as alleviate the patients' adverse emotions.