Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between attitudes toward love, attachment styles, and personality traits in women who have experienced domestic violence (DV).
Methods: The study consisted of 64 women who experienced DV and 64 women without such history. All participants completed a sociodemographic data form and three assessment scales.
Results: Among women who were exposed to violence, attitudes toward altruistic and passionate love were significantly higher (p < 0.001, p = 0.026). In contrast, women who had not experienced violence showed higher levels of friendly and possessive love attitudes (p = 0.010, p < 0.001). Women who experienced violence also exhibited a significant increase in both anxious and avoidant attachment styles (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), while the emotionally balanced personality trait was significantly lower (p = 0.006). Additionally, positive correlations were found between altruistic love and anxious attachment style and between logical love and anxious attachment style (p = 0.021, r = 0.288; p = 0.033, r = 0.267, respectively). Conversely, negative correlations were observed between altruistic love attitudes and both extraversion and emotional stability (p = 0.038, r = -0.261; p = 0.030, r = -0.271, respectively), between game-playing love attitude and conscientiousness and emotional stability (p = 0.046, r = -0.250; p = 0.027, r = -0.277, respectively), and between passionate love attitude and emotional stability (p = 0.009, r = -0.323). Furthermore, a positive correlation was noted between friendly love attitudes and agreeableness (p = 0.017, r = 0.296).
Conclusions: Individuals with high levels of emotional stability, along with friendly and possessive love attitudes, may be better equipped to cope with violence, while those with anxious and avoidant attachment styles, as well as altruistic and passionate love attitudes, may have difficulty handling such experiences.
Objectives: This study assessed the effect of intermittent fasting on anxiety, depression, and connectivity of the amygdala by functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy adults. The findings could provide insights into IF as a potential non-pharmacological intervention for anxiety, offering clinical significance as a cost-effective and accessible alternative or adjunct therapy.
Methods: Twenty-six healthy adults followed a time-restricted eating regimen for 50 days, fasting for 18 hours daily. Assessments were conducted at baseline, during fasting (days 10, 30, and 50), and after fasting (days 20 and ~60). Measurements included body mass index (BMI), metabolic parameters, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity of the amygdala.
Results: The BMI, glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, and anxiety scores significantly decreased during and after fasting compared to the baseline measurements (all p < 0.05), lasting for two months. Furthermore, we used the bilateral laterobasal amygdala as seed regions, which are responsible for emotional regulation and anxiety-like behaviours; we found changes in resting-state connectivity with the postcentral gyrus on fasting days 30 and 50.
Conclusion: IF reduces anxiety by modulating amygdala functional connectivity and enhancing brain plasticity, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic approach for anxiety and related emotional disorders. The findings underscore IF's promise as an alternative or adjuvant intervention in psychiatric care.
Clinical trial registration: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=136213), registration number: ChiCTR2100052473.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a newly developed two-injection start (TIS) regimen of aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) in adult patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder.
Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective disorder who were regularly followed at our clinic between January 2023 and October 2024 and initiated on the AOM treatment following the TIS regimen. Recorded data included diagnoses, sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender), concurrent psychotropic medications at the time of AOM-TIS initiation, time of hospital discharge following AOM-TIS administration, and details regarding their last AOM treatment.
Results: This study included 29 patients (17 females and 12 males; mean age 36.62 ± 12.18 years) who received AOM according to the TIS regimen. AOM was administered as monotherapy in 48.2% of cases. Three patients initiated treatment directly with the AOM-TIS regimen, while nine patients did not receive any concomitant psychotropic medication. Five patients were prescribed mood stabilizers in combination with the AOM-TIS regimen. No serious adverse events, including arrhythmias, severe hyperthermia, impaired consciousness, akathisia, or allergic reactions, were reported following AOM-TIS administration.
Conclusions: The AOM-TIS regimen enables the attainment of therapeutic plasma concentrations within a shortened timeframe, facilitating a more rapid clinical response. This approach may contribute to reduced healthcare costs by shortening the duration of hospitalization and enhancing patient adherence, supported by its favorable tolerability profile.
Background: Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ) have been frequently linked with oxidative stress, with uric acid (UA) levels being of particular interest, although evidence remains inconclusive. A possible reduction of UA levels in early phases of SCZ, namely first-episode psychosis (FEP), has been hypothesized. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze and summarize current evidence regarding UA levels in patients with early psychosis.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of case-control studies comparing serum or plasma UA levels in individuals experiencing FEP with those in healthy controls (HC).
Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total sample of 950 individuals that included 520 FEP patients and 430 HC. A tendency for lower UA levels in FEP was described, albeit without definitive evidence, and decreased UA levels were restricted to certain ethnic populations.
Conclusions: Our findings do not fully support the hypothesis of an oxidative stress response in early psychosis translatable with reduced UA levels in patients with FEP. Further research is warranted to elucidate the nature and magnitude of the relationship between oxidative stress, UA levels, and early psychosis.
Objective: Impaired insight presents a significant obstacle in the management of bipolar disorder. Research on the insight of patients with acute bipolar mania is lacking. The aim of this study was to provide understanding of patient insight in acute bipolar mania.
Methods: A total of 52 inpatients who were diagnosed with bipolar disorder during a manic episode were included in the study. The Insight Scale for Affective Disorders (ISAD) was utilized, with high scores indicating poor insight. The Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ) was used to assess patient attitudes and treatment experiences, with higher scores reflecting greater insight. Associated factors were identified through Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses.
Results: A low ISAD score was correlated with older age (p = 0.003), an extended duration of illness (p = 0.007), presence of a medical comorbidity (p = 0.012), and low scores on the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scale (p < 0.001), Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scale (p < 0.001), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (p < 0.001), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scale (p = 0.007). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of a medical comorbidity (p = 0.031), low YMRS scores (p < 0.001), and low CGI-S scale scores (p = 0.044) were associated with low ISAD scores.
Conclusions: Inpatients diagnosed with acute bipolar mania, a medical comorbidity, milder disease, and less severe manic symptoms had better insight. Patients with severe symptoms affecting motor activity, energy levels, sexual interest, sleep, and speech rates had less insight.
Objectives: Findings from animal models have been instrumental in elucidating the mechanisms and etiology of panic disorder (PD); nonetheless, several aspects of its neurobiological underpinnings remain to be fully clarified. This review aims to consolidate current understanding and recent advances in the neuroanatomical and pathophysiological basis of PD.
Method: A narrative review was conducted, drawing on recent literature addressing the neurobiology and neuroanatomy of PD, with a particular focus on fear circuits as elucidated by both preclinical and clinical studies.
Results: This updated review further delineates the fear circuitry implicated in PD, emphasizing the roles of the amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus, insula, and prefrontal cortex in the mediation of pathological fear responses.
Conclusion: Continued research involving human populations is essential to refine current models of fear circuitry in PD. Such efforts may yield critical insights that support the development of evidence-based therapeutic strategies aimed at re-establishing disrupted homeostatic processes that have been disrupted by the activation of the brain's fear circuitry.
Objective: To explore trajectory and sex differences of varied cognitive dimensions over time in the normal aging elderly.
Methods: The cluster sampling method was used to select a representative community (n = 341). Individuals aged 60 years and above with normal cognitive function were identified (n = 281). One-to-one neuropsychological tests were conducted at baseline and repeated 1 and 5 years later. A mixed linear model was developed to analyze the changes and sex discrepancies in different cognitive dimensions of the elderly based on the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and World Health Organization Battery of Cognitive Assessment Instruments for the elderly (WHO-BCAI).
Results: When comparing the 1-year follow-up with baseline data, the scores of auditory vocabulary in both men and women had significantly increased (t = -2.52, t = -4.8, p < 0.05), while the Wechsler mapping in women had significantly increased (t = -2.62, p < 0.05). When comparing the 5-year follow-up with baseline data, MMSE (t = 6.38, t = 6.06, p < 0.05) and MoCA (t = 7.34, t = 7.03, p < 0.05) scores had significantly decreased in both groups, the digit span scores had significantly decreased in men (t = 2.67, p < 0.05), and the scores of auditory vocabulary in women had significantly increased (t = -2.54, p < 0.05). When comparing the 5-year follow-up with the 1-year follow-up data, the digit span scores in women had significantly decreased (t = 2.88, p < 0.05), and the Wechsler mapping scores in both groups had significantly decreased (t = 3.68, t = 3.14, p < 0.05). A sex discrepancy emerged in several tests of specific cognitive domains after adjusting for education. At baseline, women outperformed men in auditory vocabulary, associative learning, and delayed recall while men outperformed women in Wechsler mapping. Importantly, auditory vocabulary and Wechsler mapping were better in women and men, respectively, at all visit times. The superiority of associative learning and delayed recall of women shrunk with advancing age.
Conclusions: Sex differences in cognitive variation indicated a steeper decline for women in verbal episodic memory, associative memory, and short-term memory. Meanwhile, a sharper deterioration in memory, comprehension and recognition of spatial relationships, and visual structure ability was observed in men. The sex differences in different cognitive dimensions diminished over time.
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