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Immunological features of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 in children. 儿童SARS-CoV-2相关多系统炎症综合征的免疫学特征
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01
Snezhina Lazova, Dilyana Gerenska, Yoanna Slabakova, Tsvetelina Velikova

A particular group of children developed severe multisystem inflammation associated with current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or contact with a COVID-19 patient in the previous few weeks. The condition was defined as multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in children (MIS-C). As the definition of CDC and WHO is fast widely accepted, the lack of an international consensus on the definition of the syndrome cases, however, leads to some difficulties for clinicians. Additionally, MIS-C shares some immunological, pathological features with the conditions, such as cytokine storm, long COVID and/or post-COVID syndrome. The picture is further complicated by the existence of the syndrome in adults (MIS-A). Therefore, we have compared these conditions from the immunological point of view in our review based on the published case reports, studies, systematic reviews and metaanalyses. This knowledge is essential not only for immunologists. The paediatricians must be familiar with the immunological bases of the syndrome and implement it in on-time recognition and diagnosis and minimize systemic damage of this life-threatening condition at the earliest stage possible. Further investigations still need to be done to find and develop the best effective therapy and prophylactics.

一组特定的儿童出现了严重的多系统炎症,与当前或最近的SARS-CoV-2感染或在过去几周内与COVID-19患者接触有关。定义为儿童多系统炎症综合征(MIS) (MIS- c)。随着疾病预防控制中心和世界卫生组织的定义被迅速广泛接受,对综合征病例的定义缺乏国际共识,给临床医生带来了一些困难。此外,MIS-C与细胞因子风暴、长COVID和/或后COVID综合征等疾病具有一些免疫学和病理学特征。成人综合症(MIS-A)的存在使情况进一步复杂化。因此,我们基于已发表的病例报告、研究、系统综述和荟萃分析,从免疫学角度对这些情况进行了比较。这些知识不仅对免疫学家至关重要。儿科医生必须熟悉该综合征的免疫学基础,并在及时识别和诊断中加以实施,并在尽可能早的阶段将这种危及生命的疾病的全身损害降到最低。仍然需要进行进一步的调查,以发现和开发最有效的治疗和预防措施。
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引用次数: 0
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 is upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis, but insufficient in controlling inflammation. t细胞免疫球蛋白和粘蛋白结构域3在类风湿关节炎中上调,但在控制炎症方面不足。
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01
Caecilie Skejoe, Aida S Hansen, Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen, Peter Junker, Kim Hoerslev-Pedersen, Merete L Hetland, Mikkel Oestergaard, Stinne Greisen, Malene Hvid, Mette Deleuran, Bent Deleuran

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, that involves both pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The purpose of the present study is to investigate T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) in RA.

Methods: Plasma levels of soluble (s) Tim-3 in early RA (n=98), were followed, to evaluate association with treatment and disease activity, acquired from a prospective collected biobank (clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00660647)). We also investigate the influence of Tim-3 on spontaneous cytokine production in synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) from RA patients after addition of neutralizing anti-Tim-3's antibodies, either alone or in combination with neutralizing anti-Programmed Cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies.

Results: Long-time stimulated CD4 T-cells expressed high levels of Tim-3, but tended to decrease their PD-1 expression. Tim-3 expression was exclusively seen co-expressed with PD-1 by CD3, CD4, CD45RO positive cells in the inflamed RA joint. Addition of neutralizing Tim-3 antibodies increased the secretion of IFNγ and MCP-1, in SFMC cultures from RA. Whereas neutralizing anti-PD-1 antibodies showed a broader impact on cytokine production. Finally, we observed that soluble Tim-3 is increased in plasma and is associated with disease activity in early RA.

Conclusion: Taken together, our findings indicate disease-suppressive functions of Tim-3 in RA.

目的:类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,涉及促炎和抗炎机制。本研究的目的是探讨t细胞免疫球蛋白和粘蛋白结构域3 (Tim-3)在RA中的作用。方法:从前瞻性收集的生物库(clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00660647))获取早期RA (n=98)患者血浆可溶性Tim-3水平,以评估其与治疗和疾病活动度的关系。我们还研究了单独或联合中和抗程序性细胞死亡蛋白1 (PD-1)抗体后,Tim-3对RA患者滑液单核细胞(SFMC)自发细胞因子产生的影响。结果:长期刺激的CD4 t细胞Tim-3表达水平较高,而PD-1表达水平有降低的趋势。Tim-3仅在炎症关节炎关节的CD3、CD4、CD45RO阳性细胞中与PD-1共表达。在RA的SFMC培养物中,加入中和Tim-3抗体可增加IFNγ和MCP-1的分泌。而中和抗pd -1抗体对细胞因子产生更广泛的影响。最后,我们观察到可溶性Tim-3在血浆中增加,并且与早期RA的疾病活动性有关。结论:综上所述,我们的研究结果表明Tim-3在RA中具有疾病抑制作用。
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引用次数: 0
Role of cytokines, chemokines, C3a, and mannose-binding lectin in the evolution of the chikungunya infection. 细胞因子、趋化因子、C3a和甘露糖结合凝集素在基孔肯雅感染演变中的作用。
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01
Berta N Restrepo, Katerine Marín, Paola Romero, Margarita Arboleda, Ana L Muñoz, Irene Bosch, Heriberto Vásquez-Serna, Orlando A Torres

The pathogenesis of the severity of chikungunya infection is not yet fully understood.

Objective: To assess the role of the cytokines/chemokines and system of complement in the evolution of chikungunya infection.

Methods: In both acute and chronic phases, we measured the serum levels of 12 cytokines/chemokines and two complement mediators: mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and C3a, in 83 patients with chikungunya infection and ten healthy controls.

Results: During the acute phase, 75.9% of the patients developed musculoskeletal disorders, and in 37.7% of them, these disorders persisted until the chronic phase. In general, patients had higher levels of cytokines than healthy controls, with significant differences for IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and MIP-1. Most cytokines exhibited a downward trend during the chronic phase. However, only IL-10, and MIP-1 levels were significantly lower in the chronic phase. Additionally, these levels never decreased to concentrations found in healthy controls. Moreover, MBL levels were significantly higher in the acute phase compared with the chronic phase. C3a levels were significantly higher in patients with musculoskeletal disorder compared with patients without it, in both acute-phase 118.2 (66.5-252.9), and chronic phase 68.5 (64.4-71.3), P < 0.001. Interestingly, C3a levels were significantly higher when patients had a severe disease version. Besides, in the acute phase, C3a levels were higher in patients that suffer arthritis as opposed to when they suffer arthralgia, 194.3 (69.5-282.2), and 70.9 (62.4-198.8), P = 0.013, respectively.

Conclusions: Our results showed an immunological response that persisted until the chronic phase and the role of the complement system in the severity of the disease.

基孔肯雅热感染严重程度的发病机制尚不完全清楚。目的:探讨细胞因子/趋化因子和补体系统在基孔肯雅热感染演变中的作用。方法:测定83例基孔肯雅感染患者和10例健康对照者急性期和慢性期12种细胞因子/趋化因子和2种补体介质:甘露糖结合凝集素(MBL)和C3a的血清水平。结果:在急性期,75.9%的患者出现肌肉骨骼疾病,其中37.7%的患者持续到慢性期。总的来说,患者的细胞因子水平高于健康对照组,在IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10和MIP-1方面存在显著差异。大多数细胞因子在慢性期呈下降趋势。然而,只有IL-10和MIP-1水平在慢性期显著降低。此外,这些水平从未降低到健康对照组的浓度。此外,MBL水平在急性期明显高于慢性期。无论是急性期118.2(66.5-252.9),还是慢性期68.5(64.4-71.3),肌肉骨骼疾病患者的C3a水平均明显高于非肌肉骨骼疾病患者,P < 0.001。有趣的是,当患者有严重的疾病版本时,C3a水平显着升高。此外,在急性期,关节炎患者的C3a水平高于关节炎患者,分别为194.3(69.5-282.2)和70.9 (62.4-198.8),P = 0.013。结论:我们的结果显示免疫反应持续到慢性期和补体系统在疾病严重程度中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6 serum levels in the idiopathic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 特发性慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清中转化生长因子- β和白细胞介素-6水平的下调
Pub Date : 2022-06-15 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01
Reza Bahramabadi, Hassan Yousefi-Daredor, Sahar Rezaeinejad, Mohammadtaghi Rezayati, Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi

Background: Idiopathic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ICOPD) is a prevalent human disease. The etiology of the disease is yet to be clarified. The main aim of this project was to explore serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in the ICOPD patients in comparison to healthy controls.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β were evaluated in the 70 non-smoker ICOPD patients and 70 sex and age matched controls, using ELISA technique by the commercial kits from Karmania Pars Gene Company. Analysis of data was performed by parametric independent and Pearson correlation test.

Results: Serum levels of IL-6 and TGF-β, but not TNF-α, were significantly decreased in the ICOPD patients in comparison to controls. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β were not altered in the ICOPD male in comparison to female and also in mild when compared to moderate ICOPD patients.

Conclusions: Down-regulation of TGF-β may be the main risk factor for deterioration of inflammation in the ICOPD patients. Decreased IL-6 may be related to the idiopathic type of COPD.

背景:特发性慢性阻塞性肺疾病(ICOPD)是一种常见病。这种疾病的病因尚不清楚。本项目的主要目的是探讨ICOPD患者血清中白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)和转化生长因子-β (TGF-β)水平与健康对照组的比较。方法:采用Karmania Pars基因公司的商业试剂盒,采用ELISA技术,对70例非吸烟ICOPD患者和70例性别和年龄匹配的对照组进行血清IL-6、TNF-α和TGF-β水平的检测。数据分析采用参数独立检验和Pearson相关检验。结果:与对照组相比,ICOPD患者血清IL-6和TGF-β水平显著降低,TNF-α水平未见显著降低。与女性相比,ICOPD男性患者血清IL-6、TNF-α和TGF-β水平没有改变,轻度ICOPD患者与中度ICOPD患者的血清IL-6、TNF-α和TGF-β水平也没有改变。结论:TGF-β下调可能是ICOPD患者炎症恶化的主要危险因素。IL-6的降低可能与特发性COPD有关。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 in a group of children with asthma: presentation, severity, and outcome. 一组哮喘儿童的COVID-19:表现、严重程度和结果
Zeineb A El-Sayed, Rasha H El-Owaidy, Waleed N Harb, Ghada A Shousha

Background: There are insufficient data concerning COVID-19 severity among asthmatic children.

Aim: to evaluate the impact of asthma on COVID-19 severity and outcome.

Patients and methods: We carried out an observational study that comprised 2 matched groups of children with confirmed/probable COVID-19: 30 with and 32 without asthma aged 6-18 years, who were enrolled consecutively from Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Egypt. COVID-19 clinical presentations, laboratory and radiological abnormalities, severity and outcome were compared between the 2 groups. Asthma severity and control were assessed based on GINA 2020.

Results: The asthmatic COVID-19 children were 9 boys and 21 girls, with median age 9 years, IQR: 8-12 years. The non-asthmatic COVID-19 group included 18 males and 14 females with median age 9.5 years, IQR: 7-12.5 years. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were comparable among the 2 groups, except for wheezes which were more frequently encountered as a COVID-19 manifestation among the asthmatics (p=0.001). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-c) was diagnosed in one asthmatic and 3 non-asthmatic patients. The asthmatic group had higher frequency of serum ferritin, LDH and D-dimer elevations compared to the non-asthmatic peers (p values 0.014, 0.001, and 0.015 respectively). Based on CO-RAD classification, 70% of the asthmatic patients had CO-RAD score of 5 versus 6.3 % among the non-asthmatic group with significant differences between the 2 groups in their CO-RAD scores (P=0.002). COVID-19 severity was comparable among the studied groups (P=0.775), as well as COVID-19 outcome and duration of hospital stay (p values 0.999, and 0.655, respectively).

Conclusion: From our limited sample sized study, childhood asthma did not pose a significant impact on COVID-19 severity and outcome. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate our conclusion and investigate the relation of COVID-19 severity and outcome to allergen immunotherapy and the use of biologicals for asthma treatment.

背景:关于哮喘儿童COVID-19严重程度的数据不足。目的:评价哮喘对COVID-19严重程度和转归的影响。患者和方法:我们开展了一项观察性研究,包括两组匹配的确诊/可能患有COVID-19的儿童:30名患有哮喘和32名未患有哮喘的6-18岁儿童,他们连续从埃及艾因沙姆斯大学儿童医院入组。比较两组患者新冠肺炎的临床表现、实验室和影像学异常、严重程度和预后。根据GINA 2020评估哮喘严重程度和控制情况。结果:新冠肺炎哮喘患儿中,男童9例,女童21例,中位年龄9岁,IQR 8 ~ 12岁。非哮喘性COVID-19组男性18例,女性14例,中位年龄9.5岁,IQR 7 ~ 12.5岁。两组患者COVID-19的临床表现具有可比性,但哮喘患者更常出现喘息症状(p=0.001)。1例哮喘患者和3例非哮喘患者诊断为多系统炎症综合征(MIS-c)。哮喘组血清铁蛋白、LDH和d -二聚体的升高频率高于非哮喘组(p值分别为0.014、0.001和0.015)。根据CO-RAD分级,70%的哮喘患者的CO-RAD评分为5分,而非哮喘组的CO-RAD评分为6.3%,两组患者的CO-RAD评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。各组间COVID-19严重程度具有可比性(P=0.775), COVID-19结局和住院时间具有可比性(P值分别为0.999和0.655)。结论:从我们有限的样本量研究中,儿童哮喘对COVID-19的严重程度和结局没有显著影响。需要进一步的纵向研究来验证我们的结论,并调查COVID-19严重程度和结果与过敏原免疫治疗和使用生物制剂治疗哮喘的关系。
{"title":"COVID-19 in a group of children with asthma: presentation, severity, and outcome.","authors":"Zeineb A El-Sayed,&nbsp;Rasha H El-Owaidy,&nbsp;Waleed N Harb,&nbsp;Ghada A Shousha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are insufficient data concerning COVID-19 severity among asthmatic children.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>to evaluate the impact of asthma on COVID-19 severity and outcome.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We carried out an observational study that comprised 2 matched groups of children with confirmed/probable COVID-19: 30 with and 32 without asthma aged 6-18 years, who were enrolled consecutively from Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Egypt. COVID-19 clinical presentations, laboratory and radiological abnormalities, severity and outcome were compared between the 2 groups. Asthma severity and control were assessed based on GINA 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The asthmatic COVID-19 children were 9 boys and 21 girls, with median age 9 years, IQR: 8-12 years. The non-asthmatic COVID-19 group included 18 males and 14 females with median age 9.5 years, IQR: 7-12.5 years. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were comparable among the 2 groups, except for wheezes which were more frequently encountered as a COVID-19 manifestation among the asthmatics (p=0.001). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-c) was diagnosed in one asthmatic and 3 non-asthmatic patients. The asthmatic group had higher frequency of serum ferritin, LDH and D-dimer elevations compared to the non-asthmatic peers (<i>p</i> values 0.014, 0.001, and 0.015 respectively). Based on CO-RAD classification, 70% of the asthmatic patients had CO-RAD score of 5 versus 6.3 % among the non-asthmatic group with significant differences between the 2 groups in their CO-RAD scores (P=0.002). COVID-19 severity was comparable among the studied groups (P=0.775), as well as COVID-19 outcome and duration of hospital stay (<i>p</i> values 0.999, and 0.655, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From our limited sample sized study, childhood asthma did not pose a significant impact on COVID-19 severity and outcome. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to validate our conclusion and investigate the relation of COVID-19 severity and outcome to allergen immunotherapy and the use of biologicals for asthma treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72163,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845840/pdf/ajcei0011-0092.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sensitizations to wheat and strawberry: are they a tangible threat to atopic Egyptian. 对小麦和草莓过敏:它们对特应性埃及人有切实的威胁吗?
Zeinab Awad El-Sayed, Heba Sakr, Ghada Abdel Haleem Shousha

Background: definite figures of allergy to wheat and strawberries in Egypt are lacking. We investigated IgE-mediated sensitization to wheat and strawberry among a group of allergic children, and the relation between wheat and strawberry sensitization.

Patients and methods: This study comprised 256 children, with physician-diagnosed allergy: bronchial asthma (98 patients), allergic rhinitis (28 patients), atopic dermatitis (53 patients) and food allergy (10 patients). Sensitization to wheat and strawberry was assessed using prick testing, followed by oral challenge test to prove allergy.

Results: Wheat sensitization was observed in 9.4% of the studied children with confirmed allergy in 0.4%. Strawberry sensitization was observed in 7.8% of patients, with 2% confirmed allergy. Either sensitization did not influence response of allergy to treatment. Wheat and strawberry sensitizations were positively correlated.

Conclusion: Wheat and strawberry allergies are not common among Egyptian children with allergic disorders; and did not impact the response to allergy treatment.

背景:在埃及缺乏对小麦和草莓过敏的确切数字。我们研究了一组过敏儿童对小麦和草莓的ige介导的致敏性,以及小麦和草莓的致敏性之间的关系。患者和方法:本研究纳入256名经医生诊断为过敏的儿童:支气管哮喘(98例)、过敏性鼻炎(28例)、特应性皮炎(53例)和食物过敏(10例)。采用点刺试验评估小麦和草莓的致敏性,随后进行口腔激射试验以证明过敏。结果:小麦致敏率为9.4%,确诊过敏率为0.4%。7.8%的患者出现草莓致敏,2%的患者确诊过敏。两种致敏均不影响过敏对治疗的反应。小麦和草莓的致敏性呈正相关。结论:小麦和草莓过敏在埃及儿童过敏性疾病中并不常见;对过敏治疗的反应没有影响。
{"title":"Sensitizations to wheat and strawberry: are they a tangible threat to atopic Egyptian.","authors":"Zeinab Awad El-Sayed,&nbsp;Heba Sakr,&nbsp;Ghada Abdel Haleem Shousha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>definite figures of allergy to wheat and strawberries in Egypt are lacking. We investigated IgE-mediated sensitization to wheat and strawberry among a group of allergic children, and the relation between wheat and strawberry sensitization.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This study comprised 256 children, with physician-diagnosed allergy: bronchial asthma (98 patients), allergic rhinitis (28 patients), atopic dermatitis (53 patients) and food allergy (10 patients). Sensitization to wheat and strawberry was assessed using prick testing, followed by oral challenge test to prove allergy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Wheat sensitization was observed in 9.4% of the studied children with confirmed allergy in 0.4%. Strawberry sensitization was observed in 7.8% of patients, with 2% confirmed allergy. Either sensitization did not influence response of allergy to treatment. Wheat and strawberry sensitizations were positively correlated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wheat and strawberry allergies are not common among Egyptian children with allergic disorders; and did not impact the response to allergy treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72163,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845839/pdf/ajcei0011-0084.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comprehensive comparison of theranostic nanoparticles in breast cancer. 纳米颗粒治疗乳腺癌的综合比较。
Amin Nikdouz, Nima Namarvari, Ramin Ghasemi Shayan, Arezoo Hosseini

Breast cancer is the most frequently happening cancer and the most typical cancer death among females. Despite the crucial progress in breast cancer therapy by using Chemotherapeutic agents, most anti-tumor drugs are insufficient to destroy exactly the breast cancer cells. The noble method of drug delivery using nanoparticles presents a great promise in treating breast cancer most sufficiently and with the least harm to the patient. Nanoparticles, with their spectacular characteristics, help overcome problems of this kind. Unique features of nanoparticles such as biocompatibility, bioavailability, biodegradability, sustained release, and, most importantly, site-specific targeting enables the Chemotherapeutic agents loaded in nanocarriers to differentiate between healthy tissue and cancer cells, leading to low toxicity and fewer side effects. This review focuses on evaluating and comprehending nanoparticles utilized in breast cancer treatment, including the most recent data related to the drugs they can carry. Also, this review covers all information related to each nanocarrier, such as their significant characteristics, subtypes, advantages, disadvantages, and chemical modification methods with recently published studies. This article discusses over 21 nanoparticles used in breast cancer treatment with possible chemical ligands such as monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapeutic agents binding to these carriers. These different nanoparticles and the unique features of each nanocarrier give the researchers all the data and insight to develop and use the brand-new drug delivery system.

乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症,也是最典型的癌症死亡。尽管使用化疗药物治疗乳腺癌取得了重要进展,但大多数抗肿瘤药物不足以完全摧毁乳腺癌细胞。这种利用纳米颗粒给药的高贵方法在充分治疗乳腺癌和对患者伤害最小方面表现出了巨大的希望。纳米粒子以其惊人的特性,有助于克服这类问题。纳米颗粒的独特特性,如生物相容性、生物利用度、生物可降解性、缓释,以及最重要的部位特异性靶向,使载于纳米载体中的化疗药物能够区分健康组织和癌细胞,从而产生低毒和更少的副作用。这篇综述的重点是评估和理解纳米颗粒在乳腺癌治疗中的应用,包括它们可以携带的药物的最新数据。此外,本文还综述了与每种纳米载体相关的所有信息,例如它们的重要特征、亚型、优缺点以及最近发表的化学修饰方法。本文讨论了超过21种纳米颗粒用于乳腺癌治疗,可能的化学配体,如单克隆抗体和与这些载体结合的化疗药物。这些不同的纳米颗粒和每个纳米载体的独特特性为研究人员提供了开发和使用全新药物输送系统的所有数据和见解。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of pretreatment with dexamethasone on the efficacy and immune-related adverse events of immunotherapy in first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis of randomized control trials. 地塞米松预处理对晚期非小细胞肺癌一线免疫治疗疗效及免疫相关不良事件的影响:随机对照试验的网络荟萃分析
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01
Yanwei Li, Feng He, Shuang Liu, Yu Zhang, Ling Li, Bin Wang, Lan Lan, Zhanyu Pan

Background: The pretreatment of dexamethasone on the efficacy and immune-related adverse events of immunotherapy involving programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors is an effective option for the first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the immunosuppressive effect, corticosteroids may be used to reduce the efficacy of PDL1 blockade, as well as prevent overactive immune responses, thereby reducing the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study quantitatively summarized the current evidence, and compared the efficacy and toxicity of therapies involving chemotherapy plus PDL1 inhibitors plus dexamethasone pretreatment (I+C+D) with chemotherapy plus PDL1 inhibitors (I+C) and therapies involving PDL1 inhibitors or chemotherapy alone (I or C).

Methods: The protocol of this study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021227281). By using a network meta-analysis approach, the different treatments were compared and ranked based on their effectiveness and rates of irAEs at the different grades. Risk rates were determined through direct meta-analysis and indirect treatment comparison.

Results: 12 randomized clinical trials were included with a total of 7155 NSCLC patients. Network meta-analysis generated 15 comparisons. The combination treatment of I+C+D showed a longer progression-free survival and overall survival, while I+C was less toxic, and the toxicity of I+C+D or that of I+C had been significantly decreased, compared to that of monotherapy with either drug. According to the ranking analysis, I+C+D is consistently proved to be the most effective therapeutic strategy, while I+C is linked to the lowest rate of irAEs, with the rate of grade value of ≥3 irAEs.

Conclusion: The combination treatment of I+C+D is the most effective approach for the first-line treatment of NSCLC patients treated with I+C, I, or C.

背景:地塞米松预处理对程序性细胞死亡1/程序性细胞死亡1配体1 (PD1/PDL1)抑制剂免疫治疗的疗效和免疫相关不良事件的影响是晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线治疗的有效选择。皮质类固醇具有免疫抑制作用,可用于降低PDL1阻断的疗效,并防止过度活跃的免疫反应,从而减少免疫相关不良事件(irAEs)的发生。本研究定量总结了现有的证据,比较了化疗+ PDL1抑制剂+地塞米松预处理(I+C+D)与化疗+ PDL1抑制剂(I+C)和化疗+ PDL1抑制剂或单独化疗(I或C)的疗效和毒性。方法:本研究方案在PROSPERO注册(CRD42021227281)。采用网络元分析方法,根据不同等级的疗效和irae率对不同治疗进行比较和排序。通过直接荟萃分析和间接治疗比较确定风险率。结果:纳入12项随机临床试验,共纳入7155例NSCLC患者。网络荟萃分析产生了15个比较。与单药治疗相比,I+C+D联合治疗的无进展生存期和总生存期更长,而I+C的毒性更小,且I+C+D或I+C的毒性明显降低。根据分级分析,I+C+D是最有效的治疗策略,而I+C与最低的irAEs发生率相关,分级值≥3。结论:I+C+D联合治疗是一线治疗I+C、I、C治疗NSCLC患者最有效的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Serum and salivary immunoglobulin G4 levels in children with autism spectrum disorder from south India: a case-control study. 南印度自闭症谱系障碍儿童血清和唾液免疫球蛋白G4水平:一项病例对照研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01
Sham Subraya Bhat, Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal, Korikkar Mahaling Veena, Anil Kakunje, Kaupu Sathish Rao Sahana, Punchappady Devasya Rekha, Jagadish Chandra, Irshad Nasreen

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with wide spectrum of symptoms and few effective therapies. Evidence is suggestive of an association between immune system dysfunction and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children with ASD. Immunoglobulins (Ig) are found to be increased in the circulation of individuals with autism. The prospective study was aimed to estimate and correlate the levels of IgG4 in blood and saliva of children with autism.

Methodology: Blood and unstimulated saliva were collected from 172 children (55 ASD, 57 healthy control, and 60 suspected parasitic infection) aged 0-18 years. Routine blood investigations were done. Serum and salivary IgG4 levels were analyzed using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: ELISA tests showed that the IgG4 levels in serum and saliva were significantly increased (P<0.05) in children with ASD as compared to normal control children. Both serum and saliva IgG4 levels showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.05).

Conclusion: IgG4 can be used as a potential biomarker for the early detection of ASD. Further, saliva can be a diagnostic, noninvasive assessment tool for health monitoring of children with autism. Lay summary: The collection of saliva is easy and painless compared to other sample collection methods. The present study shows that, among children with autism, brain-reactive antibody, immunoglobulin G4 (gG4), is increased both in blood and saliva, and there is a significant correlation between the two levels. Therefore, the study recommends IgG4 as a potential biomarker for the early detection of autism, and saliva can be helpful in diagnosis and health monitoring of children with ASD.

背景:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种复杂的神经发育障碍,具有广泛的症状,但有效的治疗方法很少。有证据表明,在自闭症谱系障碍儿童中,免疫系统功能障碍与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)之间存在关联。免疫球蛋白(Ig)被发现在自闭症患者的血液循环中增加。这项前瞻性研究旨在估计自闭症儿童血液和唾液中IgG4的水平并将其联系起来。方法:采集172例0 ~ 18岁儿童的血液和未刺激唾液,其中ASD 55例,健康对照57例,疑似寄生虫感染60例。进行常规血液检查。使用市售的酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒分析血清和唾液IgG4水平。对数据进行统计分析。结果:ELISA检测显示血清和唾液中IgG4水平显著升高(p结论:IgG4可作为ASD早期检测的潜在生物标志物。此外,唾液可以作为自闭症儿童健康监测的诊断性、非侵入性评估工具。结论:与其他取样方法相比,唾液取样简单、无痛。本研究表明,自闭症儿童血液和唾液中的脑反应性抗体免疫球蛋白G4 (gG4)均升高,且两者水平存在显著相关性。因此,该研究推荐IgG4作为自闭症早期检测的潜在生物标志物,唾液可以帮助自闭症儿童的诊断和健康监测。
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引用次数: 0
The prevalence and clinical manifestations of IgA deficiency among blood donors at transfusion centers in Shiraz, Southern Iran. 伊朗南部设拉子输血中心献血者中IgA缺乏症的患病率和临床表现
Pub Date : 2021-12-15 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01
Seyed Hesamedin Nabavizadeh, Mohammad Hossein Karimi, Hossein Esmaeilzadeh, Maryam Attarhoseini, Aida Askarisarvestani

Background: IgA deficiency is the most common immunodeficiency disorder. Most affected individuals are asymptomatic, and since there are no routine diagnostic screening programs the prevalence of this disease has remained uncertain.

Methods and materials: Seven thousand blood donors who attended Fars Blood Transfusion Center, from September 2017 to March 2018, were selected randomly, and their serum IgA levels were checked by Immunoturbidimetry method. Cases with IgA levels <10 mg/dL were considered as serum IgA deficient patients. Serum IgM and IgG levels of IgA deficient cases were measured to determine selective IgA deficiency. The prevalent clinical findings of IgA deficiency were also investigated.

Results: Ten blood donors had selective IgA deficiency: 0.14% (CI 95%: 0.001, 0.002). All cases were male, with a mean age of 36.10±9.70 years. Investigating common clinical findings in the IgA deficient cases revealed the most prevalent symptoms were recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (50%) which were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (P-value =0.008) and allergic disorders (40%) with no statistical difference from the control cases.

Conclusion: The prevalence of selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) among blood donors at Fars Transfusion Center was 0.14%. The most common clinical finding among the patients with SIgAD was recurrent upper respiratory infections, followed by allergic diseases.

背景:IgA缺乏症是最常见的免疫缺陷疾病。大多数受影响的个体是无症状的,由于没有常规的诊断筛选程序,这种疾病的患病率仍然是不确定的。方法与材料:随机选取2017年9月至2018年3月在法尔斯输血中心就诊的7000名献血者,采用免疫比浊法检测其血清IgA水平。结果:10名献血者有选择性IgA缺乏:0.14% (CI 95%: 0.001, 0.002)。全部为男性,平均年龄36.10±9.70岁。对IgA缺乏病例常见临床表现的调查显示,研究组以复发性上呼吸道感染(50%)和过敏性疾病(40%)最为常见,明显高于对照组(p值=0.008),与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:法尔斯输血中心献血者选择性IgA缺乏症(SIgAD)患病率为0.14%。SIgAD患者最常见的临床表现是复发性上呼吸道感染,其次是过敏性疾病。
{"title":"The prevalence and clinical manifestations of IgA deficiency among blood donors at transfusion centers in Shiraz, Southern Iran.","authors":"Seyed Hesamedin Nabavizadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Karimi,&nbsp;Hossein Esmaeilzadeh,&nbsp;Maryam Attarhoseini,&nbsp;Aida Askarisarvestani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>IgA deficiency is the most common immunodeficiency disorder. Most affected individuals are asymptomatic, and since there are no routine diagnostic screening programs the prevalence of this disease has remained uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Seven thousand blood donors who attended Fars Blood Transfusion Center, from September 2017 to March 2018, were selected randomly, and their serum IgA levels were checked by Immunoturbidimetry method. Cases with IgA levels <10 mg/dL were considered as serum IgA deficient patients. Serum IgM and IgG levels of IgA deficient cases were measured to determine selective IgA deficiency. The prevalent clinical findings of IgA deficiency were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten blood donors had selective IgA deficiency: 0.14% (CI 95%: 0.001, 0.002). All cases were male, with a mean age of 36.10±9.70 years. Investigating common clinical findings in the IgA deficient cases revealed the most prevalent symptoms were recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (50%) which were significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (<i>P</i>-value =0.008) and allergic disorders (40%) with no statistical difference from the control cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) among blood donors at Fars Transfusion Center was 0.14%. The most common clinical finding among the patients with SIgAD was recurrent upper respiratory infections, followed by allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72163,"journal":{"name":"American journal of clinical and experimental immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8784762/pdf/ajcei0010-0112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39576991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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American journal of clinical and experimental immunology
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