Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials最新文献

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, coupled with prediction of trastuzumab therapeutic efficacy, is critical for clinical decision-making to the patients with breast cancer. However, there is still no standard to be clinically used without suffering from inherent limitations. In this work, we propose a machine learning-assisted multifunctional biosensing platform utilizing enzyme-embedded hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). In this design, diverse HOFs@enzyme composites with distinct assembly configurations serve as sensitive array elements to interact with breast cancer-derived exosomes. Moreover, these interactions can modulate HOF-enzyme activity, generating diagnostic signal patterns that form unique exosomal molecular “fingerprint” profiles. Simultaneously, coordination with machine learning enables processing of complex sensor array-based data to amplify subtle differences of exosome between different subtypes of breast cancer, thereby enhancing the discriminatory capacity of this platform. By establishing reference fingerprints using exosomes from 96 training-set patients and validating classification accuracy against immunohistochemical in 76 test-set patients, the platform achieved 100% concordance in identifying the HER2-positive subtype, demonstrating exceptional discriminative capacity. Remarkably, the platform can also predict trastuzumab treatment response with 87.5% accuracy through clinical outcome correlation. So, by enabling precise exosome characterization from peripheral blood, this non-invasive liquid biopsy technology offers a transformative approach for precision oncology in HER2-positive breast cancer, overcoming critical limitations of current diagnostic paradigms.

Developing durable and high-capacity cathode materials is key to advancing aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, we report a previously unreported hierarchical heterostructured CsV₃O₈/V₂O₅ composite (HH–CsVO/VO) cathode synthesized via a simple, eco-friendly and low energy ambient-temperature stirring method that avoids toxic solvents and high-temperature treatments. The incorporation of Cs⁺ ions into the VO framework induces significant lattice compression, compressive strain, and new V coordination environments, leading to mixed-valence V states (V⁵⁺/V⁴⁺/V³⁺), as confirmed by solid-state ⁵¹V nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. This structural modulation is accompanied by band gap narrowing (2.71 → 2.19 eV) and a reduced work function (5.00 → 4.14 eV), enhancing redox kinetics and Zn²⁺ intercalation pathways. Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses reveal Cs-induced lattice distortion and compressive strain, while ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy confirms interfacial electronic modulation. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and XPS demonstrate highly reversible phase evolution and structural stability during cycling. The HH–CsVO/VO electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 482.7 mAh g^− 1 after 200 cycles at 0.3 A g^− 1 and maintains 240.63 mAh g^− 1 after 3000 cycles at 3 A g^− 1, outperforming pristine VO. Notably, the composite exhibits suppressed voltage polarization and significantly reduced V dissolution, supported by immersion tests and stable cycling. Although Cs–O bonding is not vibrationally active, it is proposed to stabilize vanadyl surface groups and limit dissolution. This work highlights how interfacial engineering and electronic modulation, achieved through green chemistry, can enable high-performance aqueous ZIB cathodes.

Layered transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been utilized for centuries due to their abundance and diverse applications across various fields. Developing efficient synthesis methods of layered TMOs is crucial for exploring novel properties and potential applications. This work introduces Laser Induced Molybdenum trioxide (LIM), a direct laser synthesis method for producing transition metal oxides and crystals. We outline the laser synthesis protocol for successfully synthesizing layered transition metal oxides using alpha molybdenum trioxide as a representative example. Compared to state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques, such as hydrothermal, spray pyrolysis, and others, the direct laser process is simple, requiring only a 450 nm monochromatic blue laser light source and minimal handling, and it is also scalable (1 g/3 h of α-MoO₃ crystals). Additionally, it consumes just 0.108 kWh of energy per gram of α-MoO₃, which achieves performance improvements exceeding 100-fold compared to SOTA methods. It produces long crystals with a length of up to 400 μm, comparable to arduous chemical and physical vapor deposition methods. The application prospects of MoO₃ crystals were demonstrated by integrating them into a polymer matrix as optical band rejection filters for selective ultraviolet light (UV) filtering in the 200–220 nm range. Two filters configurations, flat disc and optical fiber-based filters were fabricated using different concentrations of MoO₃ (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 2 wt%) to evaluate their performance in transmission and absorption modes. The effect of varying optical fiber lengths (1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm) on the optical spectra was also investigated. The results highlight the potential of MoO₃-based composites for selective UV filtering, making them suitable for UV-sensitive devices, personal UV protection, and applications requiring precise wavelength control for optimal performance.

Achieving reliable chemiresistive gas sensing under breath-like, high-humidity conditions remains a critical challenge due to water-induced charge screening and disrupted surface redox reactions. In this work, we report a 0D/2D Ti₃C₂T_x quantum dot–decorated V₂CT_x MXene hybrid synthesized via a single-step, HF-free in-situ method that simultaneously delaminates the MAX phase and constructs robust Ti–O–V chemical bonds at the interface, which regulate both charge transport and molecular recognition. These engineered linkages provide abundant active sites for H₂S adsorption while enabling efficient charge transport across the heterojunction. Quantum-confined Ti₃C₂T_x QDs act as photocarrier generators, and the metallic V₂CT_x sheets serve as high-mobility electron channels, enabling fast and sensitive signal transduction under low-power UV light (365 nm). Crucially, Ti–O–V interfacial motifs and surface –OH terminations create high-affinity adsorption sites that enable proton-assisted H₂S transport through hydration layers, conferring strong selectivity over common interferents (NO₂, SO₂, NH₃, acetone, ethanol) even at high relative humidity. The sensor exhibits linear H₂S responses from 50 ppb to 90 ppm, a low detection limit of ~ 31 ppb, and rapid response/recovery times (8 and 9 s, respectively), while maintaining stable operation at 90% relative humidity. In a qualitative breath test, the sensor detected a distinguishable signal increase after garlic consumption, corresponding approximately to a rise from ~ 50 ppb to ~ 180 ppb, based on calibration with standard H₂S concentrations. This study highlights interfacial chemical bonding as a powerful design strategy for next-generation, humidity-tolerant MXene gas sensors with practical applicability in non-invasive diagnostics and environmental monitoring.

Graphical abstract

Stainless steel/copper composite strips (SSCC) were fabricated using stacked rolling followed by finishing processes. These SSCC underwent annealing at temperatures of 300℃, 400℃, 500℃, and 600℃ for a duration of one hour. The deformation characteristics of the composite strips during rolling were thoroughly analyzed. In addition, investigations were carried out on their mechanical properties and microstructural evolution. The results indicate that as the annealing temperature increases, the tensile strength of the SSCC decreases slightly, while the elongation increases significantly. Initially, the peel strength of the rolled SSCC is the lowest, but it increases progressively as the annealing temperature rises. At the annealing temperature of 600°C, the peel strength of the composite strip reaches its maximum value of 7.1 N/mm. Significant interface delamination is observed during the bending process of the rolled SSCC. However, at the annealing temperature of 600°C, interface delamination is absent in the SSCC, resulting in optimal bonding quality. The rolled SSCC exhibits prominent defects, including cracks and holes at the bonding interface. In contrast, annealing significantly reduces both the number and size of these cracks and holes, indicating improved interface bonding quality. As the annealing temperature increases from 300°C to 600°C, the grain size of copper increases from 8.45μm to 28.5μm, and the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) rises from 1.2% to 3.7%. Additionally, a significant number of 60° grain boundaries is observed, suggesting the formation of numerous annealing twins. In the stainless steel (SS) layer, martensitic transformation occurs due to rolling. The austenite grains in the SS progressively enlarge, while the martensite grains decrease accordingly as the annealing temperature increases.

Owing to their unique and compelling characteristics, PCL and chitosan are emerging as highly promising materials for future medical applications. Herein, the advancements in utilization of PCL/chitosan blend composites and nanocomposite scaffolds prepared through electrospinning and additive manufacturing techniques in medical applications were briefly discussed. Electrospinning and additive manufacturing technologies are receiving enormous attention in developing scaffolds with unique and most desired features including porosity, which is necessary for effective cell attachment and proliferation, nutrient exchange, among others. Electrospun fiber/3D-printed PCL/chitosan hybrid scaffolds are also of particular interest due to their intriguing properties resulting from both fiber mats and 3D-printed structures. In this review, the preparation and property characterization (morphology, mechanical, and biological) are discussed. The influences of various additives such as nanoparticles and bioactive compounds on the resulting properties of the electrospun and 3D-printed PCL/chitosan scaffolds are also discussed.

High-entropy alloy materials (HEAs) have emerged as highly promising electrocatalysts, significantly addressing global energy shortages. Their tunable structural composition, multi-metal synergistic effects, adjustable d-band centers, and dynamic evolution of surface oxidation states enable HEAs to exhibit outstanding catalytic activity in electrolytic water splitting, carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction, and fuel cells. However, when using high-entropy alloys as electrocatalysts, challenges remain in selecting constituent elements, controlling particle size, and regulating structural morphology, which can impact their performance. To achieve complex or sequential reactions involving multiple intermediate steps, regulating their dimensions and morphologies is already a cutting-edge field of electrocatalysis research, enabling them to serve as electrocatalysts with controllable characteristics. Although numerous studies have explored the relationship between structural morphology and performance, systematically elucidating the structure-property relationship remains challenging. Therefore, this review will cover new discoveries regarding HEA in electrocatalysis, systematically summarize synthesis strategies for HEAs with different structures, investigate the unique catalytic performance of HEAs under various structural conditions, and explore the general relationship between structure and performance. Finally, effective strategies for optimizing HEA catalysis will be proposed, providing new directions for the future design and synthesis of high-quality HEA.

The intelligent use of eco-friendly natural materials to design and synthesize efficient catalysts is a significant challenge in current clean organic synthesis. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an attractive research area in organic synthesis, which faces serious challenges such as lower efficiency and selectivity than homogeneous systems. Inspired by nature, integrating organic and inorganic photocatalysts seems to be an effective strategy to enhance photocatalytic productivity. The synergy between components assists in improving the transfer and separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Vitamins are small photoactive organic molecules that involve various functional groups, which can be coordinated into inorganic materials. Hence, they are attractive bioligands for developing novel hybrid inorganic-organic structures. This review highlights photocatalysts derived from water-soluble vitamins, specifically Vitamin C and B Complex Vitamins, and their use as green photocatalysts for photo-organic transformations. It is proposed that the improved photoactivity predominantly benefits from the synergistic effects of vitamins on as-prepared nanohybrids, which facilitate efficient separation and the photogenerated electron-hole pairs and photoreaction capability of nano biocatalysts. These advantages result from tuning the band gap of vitamin-derived photocatalysts to the visible light region, morphological changes, increased active surface area, and improved surface properties.

Carbon nanocoils (CNCs) have emerged as promising electromagnetic wave absorbers due to their typical chiral structure which can provide an additional dissipation mechanism by inducing cross-polarization loss. However, their high conductivity often leads to impedance mismatch, making it challenging to achieve broad absorption bandwidth and strong absorption intensity. Herein, the chiral CNC aerogels are first synthesized and then the N-doped carbon/ZnO (C@ZnO) coating is uniformly anchored on the surface of the CNC skeleton. The porous aerogel structure can effectively enhance the impedance matching of CNCs. The C/ZnO coatings synthesized via an atomic layer deposition (ALD) assisted method exhibit high uniformity, significantly enhancing polarization loss capacity. By leveraging the synergistic interplay between dielectric properties and chiral structures, the C/ZnO@CNC aerogels demonstrate excellent microwave absorption performance. At an ultrathin thickness of 1.8 mm, the composite achieves a minimum reflection loss of −57.35 dB, while a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.08 GHz is attained at 2.1 mm. Furthermore, the aerogels also possess strong hydrophobicity (water contact angle of up to 136.1°) and remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency (surface temperature up to 77.4 °C at 300 mW cm⁻² irradiation). This study provides a rational microstructure design strategy for chiral-dielectric aerogels, achieving synergistic enhancement of microwave absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency.