Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials最新文献

Electrospun nanofibers, with their unique physical and mechanical properties, exhibit substantial potential in applications related to real-time motion tracking and health monitoring. This review highlights their use in wearable sensors, motion detection, and health monitoring devices, while addressing the challenges and opportunities for clinical translation and commercialization. These nanofibers provide high sensitivity and flexibility, facilitating the real-time monitoring of parameters such as gait patterns, running posture, and electrocardiogram signals. Their integration into sports training and rehabilitation enhances performance assessment and feedback, thereby improving training efficacy and hastening recovery periods. Furthermore, health monitoring devices utilizing electrospun nanofibers offer comfort and portability, making them effective tools for personal health management and medical diagnosis. The paper also discusses challenges such as large-scale production, reproducibility, and regulatory issues, proposing potential solutions. Future directions include developing new materials, leveraging advanced manufacturing technologies, and exploring new application areas. With ongoing technological advancements and market demand, electrospun nanofibers are poised to significantly impact motion monitoring devices, enhancing their intelligence, convenience, and efficiency.

In marine seawater pipelines and coolers, copper-nickel alloys such as B10 and B30 are the main material of choices. Due to the differences in nickel content, the corrosion potentials of these two alloys are significantly different. When the pipelines of these two alloys are connected with cooling equipment, there is a risk of electric couple corrosion. In order to effectively control the electric couple corrosion between B10/B30 and prolong the service life of seawater pipeline systems, this study uses an electrochemical method to test the electric couple potential and electric couple current of B10 and B30 tubular pairs in static seawater. In addition, the electric couple corrosion rate with time is also analyzed in depth. Through a mixed potential theory analysis, the electric couple corrosion rate of B10/B30 is found to be mainly controlled by the reaction kinetics of B10 anode and B30 cathode. Thus, B30 as the inner tube and B10 as the outer tube were used in marine air coolers with effectively improved service life. This study provides an important theoretical basis for optimizing the material selection of marine seawater pipelines and coolers.

The material properties can be altered by the unintentional or intentional doping of non-metallic impurities within the grain boundaries (GBs) of nanocrystalline alloys. The segregation behavior and influence on the GB cohesion of non-metallic impurities X (X = B, H, P, N, O, S, and C) in Ni Σ11 [110] (113) GB with and without Re were investigated by first-principles calculations. The results show that the pentahedral interstitial site with the minimum dissolution energy and the least Voronoi volume is the preferential segregation site for X segregation. C, H, N, O, P, and S interstitial segregation leads to GB embrittlement and intergranular fracture. Adding a Re atom in the X-segregated GB layer can induce embrittler O desegregation and strengthen B-, H-, and C-segregated GBs; adding two Re atoms can induce embrittler P, N, S, and C desegregation. The repulsion between X and Re is responsible for the desegregation of X. The findings are of significance in improving the GB brittleness caused by impurities in Ni nanocrystalline alloys.

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Photocatalytic wastewater treatment offers advantages like improved degradation of organic contaminants and adaptable catalysts that can be optimized for cost-effectiveness. However, challenges are faced when dealing with complex water purification scenarios, such as particle aggregation and the separation of photocatalysts from treated water. This work aims to overcome the limitations of photocatalysts by decorating them on customizable pyrolyzed 3D microlattice architectures for enhanced photocatalytic performance. Here, we first fabricated 3D carbon microlattice architectures by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing of a precursor resin, followed by carbonization at 900 °C and the hydrothermal growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires on the 3D pyrolyzed structures (ZnO@PyC). The photocatalytic performance of ZnO@PyC structures was evaluated through the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye under both UV light and direct sunlight irradiation. The ZnO@PyC structures demonstrated an enhanced degradation efficiency, achieving 97.73% and 84.04% for RhB dye after 180 min and 280 min under UV light and direct sunlight irradiations, respectively. This demonstrates the ability of the fabricated ZnO@PyC structures to eliminate the contaminants in the wastewater without the necessity for additional equipment during the degradation process. Furthermore, the ZnO@PyC structures exhibit good reusability only through a facile washing step with water, demonstrating 86.22 ± 2.15% degradation efficiency retention after repeated cycles over 7 days. The inventive combination of ZnO@PyC structure represents a promising pathway for advancing sustainable and effective water purification technologies.

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Optical fiber sensors are widely utilized for their precision, stability, adjustable functionality, and minimal signal degradation. They excel in detecting diverse parameters, even in challenging situations where conventional sensors may falter. This study aims to create a novel optical fiber sensor capable of concurrently detecting both temperature and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The sensor was fabricated using digital light processing 3D printing technique. The photocurable resin for 3D printing the optical fiber sensor was prepared by incorporating thermochromic powder and UV-sensitive powders into a polyethylene glycol diacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer blend for multi-material printing. The optical fibers were printed in two distinct orientations: horizontal and vertical. The optical characterization of these sensors was carried out by measuring transmission and reflection using customized measurement setups. The vertically oriented fibers exhibit more reflectivity, whereas the horizontally oriented fibers demonstrate higher transmission, owing to the layering phenomenon. The vertically oriented multi-material optical fibers exhibit significant variation in the transmission spectra, making them ideal for dual sensing. A notable change in the transmission percentage at 600 nm was observed at temperatures of 25℃, 35℃, and 45℃, reducing from 12.13 to 9.5%, 17.31 to 15.6%, and 19.62 to 17.98% upon exposure to UV radiation, respectively. The presence of UV radiation and temperature fluctuations can be easily distinguished by analyzing the change in spectra. The proposed optical fiber sensors provide a promising sensing platform for dual sensing applications where continuous monitoring of UV and temperature detection is required.

Lost circulation is a prevalent and intricate phenomenon in the domain of oil and gas drilling, which has resulted in significant economic losses for the global oil industry. Common gel lost circulation materials have been observed to exhibit deficiencies in temperature resistance and gel strength. In this study, a lignin-based plugging hydrogel (Lig-plugel) was prepared for lost circulation plugging using a simple method. The hydrogel employed the self-cross-linking mechanism of lignin in a high-temperature environment, which reduced the quantity of cross-linker, achieved the objective of regulating gelation time, and enhanced its mechanical properties. The maximum compressive strain of Lig-plugel synthesized at 200 °C with a 25 wt% cross-linker amount reached 76.83%, and the compressive strength and compressive toughness reached 1.85 MPa and 276.13 kJ/m³, respectively. Furthermore, Lig-plugel exhibits excellent heat resistance. It demonstrates minimal mass loss during thermal decomposition in high-temperature environments below 220 °C, which is sufficient for high-temperature applications. Additionally, the simulated plugging experiments indicate that Lig-plugel has an effective plugging effect and is adaptable. This study presents an environmentally friendly and sustainable solution to the lost circulation problem and has a broad application prospect in the field of oil and gas drilling.

Supercapacitors, as a novel type of energy storage device, have garnered significant attention due to their outstanding charging and discharging rates, high power density, and safe operation. Electrode materials, crucial components of supercapacitor devices, directly influence the electrochemical performance. Hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) have emerged as noteworthy candidates in energy storage and conversion, particularly in high-performance supercapacitors, owing to their well-defined morphology, uniform size (100 μm to 3 nm), low density, and extensive surface area (300–2221 m² g⁻¹). Substantial advancements have been achieved in developing advanced supercapacitor electrode materials incorporating hollow carbon sphere structures. This paper provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the preparation of hollow spheres with controllable structure and morphology. Additionally, it explores various methods employed in recent years to enhance HCS, encompassing variations in doping elements and adjustments in content and composite types. The primary objective of this paper is to elucidate the application of HCS as electrode materials in supercapacitors and to serve as a reference for further research on HCS-based materials.

Effective radiative cooling is crucial for reducing undesirable energy consumption caused by thermoregulation technology. However, conventional passive coolers still suffer from challenges such as vulnerability to harsh service conditions and suboptimal radiative cooling performance without guidance from optical design. Metacoating based on photonic structure design and all-inorganic components can overcome these drawbacks. In this paper, we fabricate a metacoating for radiative cooling, incorporating zirconia submicrospheres (ZS) within a potassium silicate binder. ZS with optimal diameters of about 500 nm were synthesized to efficiently scatter sunlight. The metacoating has a solar absorption (α_s) of only 0.04 in the 0.25–2.5 µm range, and an infrared emittance (ε) of 0.91 in the 2.5–16.7 µm range. The low solar absorption is attributed to the high backscattering efficiency of ZS and their high-volume fraction, as confirmed by Mie scattering theory and Monte Carlo ray-tracing simulations, while the high emittance is driven by vibrational absorption from chemical bonds in ZS and potassium silicate. After proton and electron irradiation, the metacoating retains α_s below 0.083 and ε above 0.910, indicating excellent irradiation resistance. Our findings highlight that metacoating utilizing ZS with a large bandgap and suitable diameters holds significant potential for advancing space radiative cooling technologies.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) after the few-layer (FL) processing draws attention to its attractive characteristics, such as broadening interlayer spacing, increasing active sites, and promoting purity of the metallic phase. Notwithstanding, the poor stability and easy aggregation of FL-MoS₂ limit its potential for development in the field of electrochemistry. Herein, a nanocomposite between FL-MoS₂ and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is successfully constructed via the one-pot hydrothermal method. Furthermore, the FL-MoS₂@rGO composite with a stable structure is obtained by regulating the amount of rGO. The excellent supercapacitor capacitances of FL-MoS₂ after building heterostructure composites with rGO are displayed, owing to the synergistic effects occurring in heterostructure. The optimal sample of FL-MoS₂@rGO-2 possesses a specific capacitance of 346.1 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and a rate ability of 57.2%. Moreover, the capacitance of FL-MoS₂@rGO-2 remains 99.1% after 10,000 cyclic charges and discharges. More importantly, the theoretical calculations confirm the source of extra specific capacitance and raise conductivity in FL-MoS₂@rGO. Also, a FL-MoS₂@rGO-2//AC flexible asymmetric supercapacitor device is successfully fabricated, which presents the superior energy density and power density of 84.31 µWh cm⁻² at 700 µW cm⁻², and 51.42 µWh cm⁻² at 3500 µW cm⁻². This work verifies the potential of the heterostructure composite constructed by FL-MoS₂ in energy storage of electrochemical application.

Given the inevitable generation of electromagnetic radiation within electronic devices, accompanied by heat, and the detrimental effects of such radiation on the performance of precision instruments, the development of materials that integrate microwave absorption with thermal energy storage has become imperative. In this study, a novel polyimide/polypyrrole carbon nanotube (PI/PPy-CNTs) porous structure was fabricated using a template method, freeze-drying, and carbonization processes. Subsequently, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was encapsulated within this structure via vacuum impregnation to produce PI/PPy-CNTs@PEG phase change composites (PCPCCs). Multi-interface heterostructures are designed at the micro level to improve dielectric loss and thus enhance electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) performance, and dense networks are constructed at the macro scale to improve thermal conductivity. The resulting sample exhibited a thermal conductivity of 0.72 W/(m·K), a photothermal conversion efficiency of 92.9%, an enthalpy value of 148.2 J/g, and a minimum reflection loss of − 42 dB. Compared to pure PEG, the thermal conductivity of the composite increased by a factor of 2.3. In conclusion, these multifunctional PCPCCs show significant potential for applications requiring integrated thermal management and advanced EWA performance.