Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials最新文献

Conventional particle reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) often suffer from a strength-ductility trade-off, primarily due to inadequate interfacial bonding and microstructural inhomogeneity. To overcome this problem, this study developed a novel strategy combining cold spray-friction stir processing composite additive manufacturing (CFAM) with high-entropy alloy (HEA) reinforced particles to synergistically optimize both interfacial performance and microstructure uniformity. The results showed that, compared to cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM), CFAM not only completely eliminated internal pores and cracks but also significantly refined the average matrix grain size from 5.0 μm to 2.6 μm through dynamic recrystallization and the Zener pinning effect, while achieving a uniform distribution of HEA particles. Furthermore, CFAM transformed the localized and incoherent interfaces into a continuous semi-coherent interfacial architecture composed of a new HEA solid-solution layer and a β-Ti phase layer. This interface exhibited mechanical properties intermediate between the matrix and HEA particles, thereby mitigating stress concentration and facilitating strain transfer. The synergistic effect of the fine-grained matrix, the mechanically graded interface, and the uniformly distributed HEA particles yielded an outstanding combination of tensile strength (924 MPa), yield strength (737 MPa), and elongation (8.2%). This work provides a new preparation strategy for developing high-performance TMCs.

Radiotherapy for abdominal malignancies is limited by intestinal toxicity and secondary colorectal cancers. Here, we develop an oral, microbiota-responsive nano-amifostine (CS/PEC-AMF NPs) system that achieves site-specific radioprotection in the colorectum without compromising antitumor efficacy. By conjugating amifostine to pectin and encapsulating it with chitosan, the nanoparticles enable pH- and microbiota-triggered release in the large bowel, safeguarding drug bioactivity during gastrointestinal transit. In murine models, CS/PEC-AMF NPs attenuate both acute and chronic radiation-induced bowel injury, restore epithelial integrity, preserve stem cell populations, and promote tight junction repair. Integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that the system normalizes gut microbiota diversity and composition, increases short-chain fatty acid production, and facilitates macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Notably, the formulation synergistically enhances tumor suppression and extends survival in orthotopic colorectal tumor models undergoing radiotherapy and reduces the incidence of secondary colorectal tumors post-irradiation. Mechanistically, transcriptomic analysis demonstrates the suppression of proinflammatory pathways and the promotion of DNA repair programs. This study provides a paradigm for leveraging functional nanomaterials to orchestrate precise, tissue-specific radioprotection and immune modulation, addressing a key challenge in abdominal cancer therapy.

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The overaccumulation of senescent cells impedes the healing of diabetic wounds by exacerbating inflammatory responses and metabolic energy expenditure in microenvironment. However, there is currently no effective strategy to target and eliminate the senescent cells. In this work, we have developed a targeted senolytic and bioenergetic hydrogel to precisely harness autophagy-inducing activity for eliminating senescent cells, while simultaneously enhancing energy delivery efficiency to promote wound healing. Briefly, the AICAR-loaded extracellular vesicle with a galactose surface (GEA) exhibits precise targeting of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, and efficiently triggered autophagy-mediated senescent cell death, ultimately alleviating microenvironmental inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)-modified hydrogels were utilized for the sustained release of GEAs, and simultaneously enhancing tissue energy supply by NAD⁺ salvage synthetic pathway. Finally, the composite hydrogel promoted the healing of diabetic wounds via reducing the proportion of senescent cells, suppressing the sustained release of senescence-associated secretory phenotype and reactive oxygen species, and boosting energy production. Therefore, this project develops a multifaceted strategy for diabetic wounds healing featuring both specific-eliminating senescent cells and fostering tissue microenvironment regeneration.

Modern life has changed significantly because of civilization. Everything is developing on a regular basis as a result of research exploration; electronic textiles are one of them. The improvements would not be restricted to Machine-made textiles. However, development in the fields of synthetic fibers, regenerated fibers, and smart fabrics has progressed. New forms of textiles known as wearable electronic textiles have been developed during the last 20 years. Smart textiles can detect and respond to environmental stimuli such as mechanical, biological, thermal, magnetic, chemical, and other types of stimuli. Basically, this review study focused on the terms of smart textiles in the modern era. In this paper, the pathway of smart fibers in smart textiles is discussed briefly. It also discusses the types of smart textiles including passive smart textiles, active smart textiles, very smart textiles, and advanced smart textiles. Moreover, this paper describes the fabrication techniques of conductive fibers, treated conductive fibers, conductive fabrics, conductive ink integration of planar fashionable circuit board, and conductive substances as sensor. It also summarizes the applications and consequences of smart textiles. Finally, it is concluded by describing the challenges and future trends of smart textiles.

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The application of post-processing solid-solution and quenching to complex structures made of heat-treatable aluminum alloys often leads to distortions and cracks. Solid-state additive manufacturing of commercial Al–Mg alloys can eliminate the need for solid-solution and quenching, but resulted in insufficient yield strength (YS). To address the challenges, a new strategy that employs the emerging additive friction extrusion deposition (AFED) to prepare carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced nanocomposites was explored. Fine-grained AFED CNT/Al6Mg nanocomposites with dispersed nanoparticles of CNTs, MgO and MgAl₂O₄ were successfully fabricated. Compared to the AFED 5083Al that was characterized by a low YS of ~ 170 MPa, the AFED CNT/Al6Mg exhibited significantly enhanced YS of ~ 303 MPa, which is the highest YS among all reported non-heat-treatable Al–Mg based materials produced by friction stir based additive manufacturing methods. Precision microstructural analyses and theoretical models were adopted to gain deep insights into the formation mechanism of the unique microstructure of the AFED materials and establish the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties. By quantifying the contributions of different mechanisms to strengthening, it was found that the remarkable 78% increase of YS in the AFED CNT/Al6Mg was mainly ascribed to the grain boundary strengthening and Orowan strengthening.

The development of a multifunctional conductive film to meet the requirements of flexibility, high-strength and exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capacity in the electronic devices has attracted extensive attention. A strategy of hydrogel-induced ultra-fast protonation was proposed for preparing aramid nanofibers-transition metal carbonitrides-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (ANF-MXene-PEDOT:PSS) conductive films. The ultra-fast protonation process would induce the formation of ultra-long molecular chains and the reconstruction of cross-linking networks to enhance the mechanical properties of films. The ultimate tensile strength of ANF-MXene-PEDOT:PSS (60%) film reached 233.6 MPa, showing an increase of 189.5%. Meanwhile, the encapsulation of conductive PEDOT:PSS layer effectively addressed the issues of the brittleness and highly oxidization susceptibility of MXene. The EMI shielding effectiveness of ANF-MXene-PEDOT:PSS (60%) film reached 45.7–48.2 dB from 8.2 to 26.7 GHz at a thickness of 36 μm. After a month for exposing to air, the EMI shielding capability of ANF-MXene-PEDOT:PSS (60%) film still remained stable (> 42.5 dB). This hybrid film also exhibited high conductivity (264.7 S·cm⁻¹), self-cleaning, fire retardancy and joule heating properties, which was as an intelligent sensor to realize the real-time monitoring of human physiological signals. This work paves the way for large-scale production of next-generation high-performance EMI shielding films, demonstrating huge potential in electromagnetic protection, thermal management and intelligent wearable devices.

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Biaxially oriented polylactic acid (PLA) films suffer from inherent strength limitations due to melt fracture at high stretch ratios and uncontrolled crystallization. This study overcomes these barriers by leveraging our previously developed epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO)-compatibilized blend of PLA and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)), designated as PPE, to enable rheology-guided high-rate biaxial stretching. ESBO compatibilization reduces melt viscosity by 80% and enhances interfacial shear modulus to 0.66 GPa, allowing stable processing at unprecedented 6 × 6 stretch ratios-doubling the practical limit of conventional PLA films. Critically, coupling low stretching temperature (85 °C) with ultrahigh strain rate (600%·s^− 1) suppresses grain growth and forces crystal transition, achieving record 65.7% crystallinity. Consequently, the 6 × 6-oriented PPE film delivers 176 MPa tensile strength with 38% ductility, ranking among the highest reported for PLA-based biaxially oriented films. Mechanistically, high-rate stretching induces “kinetic freezing” of nanoscale phases, while strain hardening and α-crystal alignment create oriented entanglement networks that enable simultaneous strength/toughness. This work demonstrates that while chemical compatibilization provides essential interfacial stabilization, the decisive performance leap in sustainable polymers is predominantly driven by rheology-controlled stretching kinetics during processing, which governs hierarchical structural outcomes.

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Traditional phenolic resins face challenges, such as high curing temperatures and brittleness, severely limiting their widespread application. This study proposes a partially bio-based strategy, in which hydroxylated graphene (G-OH) is employed for the first time as a green nucleophile to depolymerize Acacia mangium tannin, thereby completely avoiding the use of petroleum-derived and/or toxic nucleophiles. The resulting depolymerized tannin is used to replace 50% of phenol in the synthesis of phenolic resins. This innovative approach resulted in a substantial reduction in the average polymerization degree of the depolymerized tannin (GOH-DAMT), decreasing from 9 to 2. The low molecular weight and high reactivity of GOH-DAMT considerably accelerate the curing speed of GOH-DTPF, reducing the initial curing temperature from 157.9 °C to 136.9 °C. The increased reactivity of GOH-DAMT enhances the resin’s cross-linking density, while the uniformly dispersed nanosheets effectively facilitate the transfer of interfacial stress. The bonding strength of GOH-DTPF cured at 115 °C met the Class I plywood production requirements (GB/T 9846 − 2015, ≥ 0.7 MPa), while the bonding strength of GOH-DTPF cured at 120 °C and 130 °C increased from 0.78 MPa and 0.95 MPa for TPF to 1.15 MPa and 1.30 MPa respectively, surpassing those of PF (0.97 MPa and 1.12 MPa). Furthermore, GOH-DTPF exhibited a 155% increase in the work of adhesion compared to PF, demonstrating high toughness. These advancements highlight the potential of GOH-DTPF resins for a broader range of applications in wood-based composites and their promise for sustainable industrial use.

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have faced exponential growth for decades due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, permitting previously unreachable performances. In particular, in the necessity of diminishing the human overall environmental footprint, they allow safer, lighter, and more performing structures with on-demand properties and infinite engineered possibilities. As a consequence, substantial materials and energy savings can be expected. Yet, the environmental footprint of these materials and structures remains poor. This is attributed to their sourcing (oil-based mainly), their highly energy-intensive production, the complexity of the material, and the challenging handling of their end-of-life. Also, their highly multidisciplinary nature, requiring organic and polymer chemistry, material, processing, and mechanical engineering, among others, complexifies the interactions between actors to embrace and solve these issues fully. To this date, FRP industries remain a fully linear economy that cannot be carried in a (more) sustainable future. This review provides a multidisciplinary and extensive overview of current market needs and research development over all aspects of FRP to guide both research and markets toward sustainable and circular solutions. Sourcing, production, performances, and end-of-life are discussed, and, whenever possible, the environmental, economic, societal, and industrial needs are considered. The work intends to provide a general overview and future perspective to, one day, reach truly sustainable and circular structures.