Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials最新文献

Over the past decade, the study of DNA-templated metal nanoclusters (DNA-MNCs) has made rapid progress. It demonstrates broad application prospects in the fields of biosensing, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. Despite the significant achievements of DNA-MNCs in optical properties, little study has been conducted on the catalytic properties of DNA-MNCs. We have successfully synthesized DNA-Au/Pt bimetallic NCs through a chemical reduction method, which exhibit excellent peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity. Due to the synergistic effect between the bimetals and an efficient electron transfer mechanism, their catalytic activity far surpasses that of monometallic NCs, and their affinity for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is even superior to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). By adjusting the template sequences and structures, we found that the catalytic activity of the four DNA homopolymer templates follows the trend: PolyC > PolyA > PolyG > PolyT, indicating that the C base has the strongest affinity for Au and Pt ions. For the same nucleation sequence, the catalytic activity of DNA-Au/Pt nanozymes is closely related to the length and structure of the DNA template sequence used. Based on these findings, combined with the cleavage action of DNAzymes to trigger the transformation of DNA structure, we have proposed a biosensing method for detecting miRNA. Besides, The DNA-Au/Pt nanozyme possesses dual enzyme-like activities of catalase (CAT) and laccase (LAC). Based on the dual-enzyme cascade catalytic system, it can efficiently degrade the organic pollutant malachite green (MG) into less toxic products. This research offers valuable insights into the synthesis of DNA templated nanozymes, and it highlights the potential for optimizing their performance by modulating the DNA sequences. More importantly, this research provides new insights for the design and application of multienzyme activities and multifunctional applications nanozymes in the future.

Metal-halide perovskite X-ray detectors offer a low-cost platform for direct detection across a broad high-energy spectrum. However, the large thickness and the high defect density of the perovskite thick films increase recombination, resulting in performance bottlenecks. Herein, we demonstrate a high-performance X-ray detector featuring a perovskite/graphene heterostructure that synergistically combines graphene’s high carrier mobility (> 10⁴ cm²·V⁻¹·s⁻¹) with perovskite’s exceptional photophysics properties. The bulk heterojunction formed between CsPbBr₃ and graphene facilitates efficient charge transport and suppresses non-radiative recombination. Additionally, a MAPbCl₃ buffer layer reduces lattice mismatch at the perovskite/Si interface, enhancing mechanical adhesion by 10 times. The optimized device achieves a sensitivity of 4162 µC·Gyₐ_ir⁻¹·cm⁻² (3× higher than perovskite-only devices) and a record-low detection limit of 9.6 nGyₐ_ir·s⁻¹ (60× improvement), alongside exceptional operational stability. This work establishes a paradigm for developing high-sensitivity, high-stability, and low-cost perovskite X-ray detectors.

Marine environments exacerbate the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures, primarily through chloride ion-induced corrosion of the reinforcement. Here, inspired by coral, we constructed layered double hydroxides-graphene oxide (LDHs@GO) nanocomposite by in-situ growing LDHs on the surface of GO, designed to develop ultrahigh corrosion-resistant marine concrete. This LDHs@GO nanocomposite features a highly open architecture with a significantly increased specific surface area (92.65 m²/g) and pore volume (0.15 cm³/g). Experimental results and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the LDHs@GO nanocomposite’s superior performance in both simulated concrete pore solutions and real seawater environments. With 3 wt% LDHs@GO, chloride adsorption capacities of cementitious composites increase by 67.3% (endogenous ions) and 67.6% (exogenous ions), while the corrosion current density and corrosion inhibition efficiency is 0.0064 µA/cm² and 80.9%, and 0.0373 µA/cm² and 70.7% for seawater-mixed and NaCl-immersed reinforced cementitious composites after 620 days, respectively. Such remarkable anticorrosion performance primarily arises from the potent physical barrier effect against free chloride migration, the superior chloride adsorption capacity of LDHs@GO with abundant interlayer adsorption sites, and refined pore structures. This work highlights the practical potential of rationally designed LDHs@GO for sustainable marine infrastructure development, offering long-term, efficient corrosion protection.

Porous materials show promise as electroanalytical sensors for disease diagnosis, especially neurotransmitter detection, but are hindered by poor mass transfer and limited active site accessibility. To overcome these, we developed an in-situ cascade engineering method to fabricate a hollow ZIF-polypyrrole hybrid (HZIF(Zn)@PPy), achieving outstanding sensing performance. Fe(acac)₃ is immobilized on ZIF(Zn) via molecular dimension effects, initiating pyrrole polymerization to form a PPy coating. Hydrogen ions released during this process permeate ZIF pores, etching unstable frameworks to create ~ 70 nm hollow cavities through a self-sustaining cascade mechanism. Expanding this approach, we synthesized heterobimetallic HZIF(ZnM)@PPy composites (M = Fe, Cr, Al, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Co, and Ni) and extended it to alternative MOF precursors (ZIF-67, ZIF-90, MIL-88B, and UiO-66), deepening our understanding of hollow structure evolution. Using dopamine as a model analyte, the HZIF(ZnNi)@PPy sensor exhibited superior performance with a wide linear range (0.01–900 µmol/L) and an ultra-low detection limit (0.003 µmol/L, S/N = 3). This study pioneers a rational design strategy for hollow electrochemical sensors, offering valuable insights for advancing disease diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring.

2D MXenes have emerged as a cutting-edge family of materials for next-generation supercapacitors, distinguished by their metallic conductivity, adaptive surface chemistry, and precisely tunable layered architecture. These materials have emerged as promising materials for energy storage in supercapacitors; however, challenges such as restacking and structural degradation have motivated the development of composites, which can synergistically enhance electrochemical performance and stability. This review elucidates the charge storage mechanisms in MXene-based composites, including the formation of electric double layers, pseudocapacitance, and ion intercalation. It also highlights the charge storage mechanisms involved in MXene-based composites, mainly including carbon nanostructures, inorganic materials, and organic matrices. MXene–carbon hybrids with graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanodots enhance ion/electron transport and prevent restacking; MXene–inorganic hybrids with metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), etc., provide abundant redox sites and structural stability; and MXene–organic composites with polymers or cellulose offer mechanical flexibility, processability, and environmental compatibility while maintaining excellent electrical performance. The review also discusses current challenges such as oxidation, aggregation, and interface instability, proposing strategies such as interfacial engineering, surface functionalization, and 3D structural design. By bridging compositional innovation with electrochemical insight, this article presents a holistic framework for the development of next-generation MXene-based supercapacitors that combine high energy density, long-term durability, and mechanical adaptability.

Aramid is an ideal substrate for protective equipment in extreme environments due to its excellent mechanical strength, intrinsic flame retardancy, and high-temperature resistance. However, the functional design of traditional aramid fabrics has long been confined to mechanical protection properties, and little work has been reported on the modification of aramid fabric for passive radiative cooling (PDRC) and unidirectional moisture transport properties. In this study, a Janus fabric was engineered by coating graphene- and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS)-impregnated aramid with an Al₂O₃ layer. The hydrophilic Al₂O₃ side had a high solar reflectance (~ 89%) that effectively blocked most of the incident heat, while the hydrophobic graphene/HDTMS side absorbed and transmitted infrared radiation (~ 87%), promoting the dissipation of body heat. The skin microenvironment temperature was reduced by 2.0 °C compared to that of the aramid fabric in a non-sweating indoor environment due to the high infrared emissivity of graphene and by about 10.3 °C compared to that of the aramid fabric in a non-sweating outdoor thermal environment. In a sweaty outdoor thermal environment, the skin microenvironmental temperature change of the fabric was 1.0 °C lower than that of aramid (8.9 °C) due to the effective solar radiation reflectivity of the Al₂O₃ layer and the effective wicking properties of the overall Janus fabric. Notably, the fabric maintained its performance under UV exposure and retained fire resistance, enabling applications such as building fireproofing. This approach promotes the development of cost-effective, flexible inorganic PDRC materials for sustainable cooling solutions.

Achieving high electrical performance in polymer composites typically requires high filler loadings, which increases materials costs, complicates processability, and compromises both flexibility and recyclability. Here, chemically recyclable poly(disulfide)@Ti₃C₂T_x MXene composites with an exceptionally low percolation threshold are developed via electrostatic self-assembly and compression molding. A segregated network is formed by assembling negatively charged Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets onto positively charged poly(disulfide) particles, facilitating the formation of continuous conductive pathways at interparticle interfaces. This architecture enables an ultralow percolation threshold of 0.063 vol%, electrical conductivity up to 1.78 × 10³ S m^− 1, and absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 83.9 dB at 3.8 vol% MXene. The segregated structure also enhances the mechanical properties of the composites including modulus, strength, and toughness. Furthermore, the poly(disulfide) matrix, composed of five-membered cyclic disulfide monomers, undergoes complete depolymerization under mild catalytic conditions, allowing for chemical recycling of monomers, crosslinkers and MXene fillers. This approach offers a generalized pathway toward high-performance, sustainable EMI shielding materials with tunable electrical, mechanical properties, and recyclability.

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In this work, we report a comparative study of lanthanide-based neodymium rare-earth metal composites with oxyanions of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium, specifically Nd₂Mo₃O₁₂ (NdMo), Nd₂(WO₄)₃ (NdW), and NdVO₄ (NdV). A simple precipitation method was adopted to synthesize neodymium-based compounds, while two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene (TMX) was prepared via acid etching. The integration of TMX with neodymium compounds was synthesized via impregnation, forming a TMX–Nd-based oxyanion composite. The structural, optical, and morphological properties of the synthesized materials were systematically characterized with various physicochemical techniques. The composites were assessed for two key environmental applications: photocatalytic organic pollutants degradation and electrochemical hydrogen evolution. Among the series, TMX–NdMo exhibited superior photocatalytic efficiency, achieving higher degradation rates for ampicillin (91.4%) and TCH (88.9%) under solar irradiation within 80 and 120 min, respectively. The possible reaction pathway predicted by LC–MS and the efficiency of the TMX–NdMo were examined for real-time wastewater. Additionally, the TMX–NdMo composite achieved a low overpotential of 182 mV and a Tafel slope of 129 mV/dec at 10 mA/cm², indicating efficient hydrogen evolution reaction activity. The augmented performance is ascribed to efficient interfacial interactions, an increase in surface area, and improved charge separation offered by the TMX framework. These results highlight their potential for use in hybrid and sustainable nanomaterial applications.

To address the challenges of low flux and fouling susceptibility in conventional membrane technologies for emulsified liquid separation, this study proposes a novel emulsion separation strategy based on the photothermal effect-induced thermal Marangoni phenomenon. By integrating photothermal nanomaterials (Molybdenum disulfide) on the surface of coal-based fiber membrane (CFM), thermal Marangoni convection was triggered by localized temperature gradients generated via photothermal conversion, which significantly enhanced the migration and coalescence of droplets consequently. Under xenon lamp irradiation, the photothermal-assisted membrane achieved a separation flux of 1503.9 L m⁻² h⁻¹, representing a 3.5-fold enhancement compared to unirradiated conditions. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the synergy between photothermal and Marangoni effects effectively mitigates concentration polarization and suppresses membrane fouling. This work provides a new pathway for developing energy-efficient, high-flux smart separation membranes, with promising applications in oily wastewater treatment and industrial chemical separation.

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Poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF), a thermoplastic fluoropolymer, is well-known for its crystalline behavior, piezoelectricity, and pyroelectric properties. This review aims to guide both new and established research works in the characterization and application of PVDF nanocomposites by offering a comprehensive overview of the various applications of these composite systems to date, alongside their synthesis methods and the challenges associated with fabricating different materials forms. The structural aspects of the composites are discussed in relation to the added nanomaterials of various dimensions. The high dielectric properties, piezoelectric voltage output, and mechanical durability of these flexible films make them highly suitable for use in smart sensors and energy harvesting devices. Additionally, their ferroelectric tunable behavior renders them useful for tunable capacitors and advanced electronic components where variable dielectric and polarization properties are essential for performance optimization. We also examine the key problems and challenges faced in the development of PVDF composites and discuss advanced methods that can enhance scientific understanding and innovation in this field. A comprehensive study is essential for developing a foundational approach to tuning material properties, maximizing their application potential, and fostering a future marked by innovation and sustainability.