Simone Zanella, Mancosu Alena, Brugnolli Anna, Franceschi Francesco, Carrara Alessandro, C. Ramponi, Bevilacqua Anita, Marinelli Elisa, Ricci Nicola, F. Buccelletti
Introduction: The SARS-Cov2 pandemic worldwide has to date caused 270,000,000 cases and 5,000,000 deaths. Many clinical scores are available for patients who arrive at the Emergency Department with Covid-19 disease and many studies carried out prospectively and retrospectively have demonstrated their effectiveness. In literature no study and no meta-analysis have been performed to evaluate the admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality rates and to establish the best score to be used. Materials and Methods: The keywords used for the investigation were clinical scores, risk stratifications, Covid patients and Emergency Department. Ultimately the selected articles were entirely found using the PubMed database. In our meta-analysis we evaluated scores obtained studying patients with Covid-19 disease and also scores already known in clinical practice and subsequently used in Covid pandemic. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predicting value (NPV), diagnostic accuracy, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) were calculated for each score. We assessed the homogeneity of all studies covered by our meta-analysis and at the end we created a Funnel Plot diagram in order to compare the scores. Results: A total of 8 studies, 5 retrospective observational and 3 prospective, were analyzed. When considering meta-analyzes the highest value, LR + 9.1 (4.76 - 17.5), refers to NEWS. When considering ICU admission and mortality, the AUC values referring to NEWS are 0.9 (0.9 - 1.00) and 0.9 (0.72 - 1.00) respectively. The LR +, AUC values for intensive care and mortality are 3.3 (2.4-4.3), 0.8 (0.72-0.88) and 0.8 (0.72-0.88) for NEWS2. Evaluating the fixed effect, the LR + value of q-SOFA is 2.816. The AUC value is 0.8 (0.76 - 0.85) for mortality and 0.8 (0.64 - 0.93) for intensive care admission. Discussions: NEWS and NEWS2 are the most effective clinical scores to predict mortality and admission to ICU and are probably more practical during the first phase of the disease when the patient is at home and monitoring is self-managed.
{"title":"The Use of Clinical Scores to Predict Intensive Care Admission and Mortality in Patients with Covid-19 Disease","authors":"Simone Zanella, Mancosu Alena, Brugnolli Anna, Franceschi Francesco, Carrara Alessandro, C. Ramponi, Bevilacqua Anita, Marinelli Elisa, Ricci Nicola, F. Buccelletti","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170297","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The SARS-Cov2 pandemic worldwide has to date caused 270,000,000 cases and 5,000,000 deaths. Many clinical scores are available for patients who arrive at the Emergency Department with Covid-19 disease and many studies carried out prospectively and retrospectively have demonstrated their effectiveness. In literature no study and no meta-analysis have been performed to evaluate the admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality rates and to establish the best score to be used. Materials and Methods: The keywords used for the investigation were clinical scores, risk stratifications, Covid patients and Emergency Department. Ultimately the selected articles were entirely found using the PubMed database. In our meta-analysis we evaluated scores obtained studying patients with Covid-19 disease and also scores already known in clinical practice and subsequently used in Covid pandemic. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predicting value (NPV), diagnostic accuracy, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) were calculated for each score. We assessed the homogeneity of all studies covered by our meta-analysis and at the end we created a Funnel Plot diagram in order to compare the scores. Results: A total of 8 studies, 5 retrospective observational and 3 prospective, were analyzed. When considering meta-analyzes the highest value, LR + 9.1 (4.76 - 17.5), refers to NEWS. When considering ICU admission and mortality, the AUC values referring to NEWS are 0.9 (0.9 - 1.00) and 0.9 (0.72 - 1.00) respectively. The LR +, AUC values for intensive care and mortality are 3.3 (2.4-4.3), 0.8 (0.72-0.88) and 0.8 (0.72-0.88) for NEWS2. Evaluating the fixed effect, the LR + value of q-SOFA is 2.816. The AUC value is 0.8 (0.76 - 0.85) for mortality and 0.8 (0.64 - 0.93) for intensive care admission. Discussions: NEWS and NEWS2 are the most effective clinical scores to predict mortality and admission to ICU and are probably more practical during the first phase of the disease when the patient is at home and monitoring is self-managed.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69341425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26502/acbr.50170312ee
A. Bener, Mark D. Griffiths, Cem Cahit Barisik, F. Inan, Ebru Morg
. Impacts of Covid-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Fear among Adult Population in Turkey. Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research 6 (2022): 1010-1020
{"title":"Impacts of Covid-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Fear among Adult Population in Turkey","authors":"A. Bener, Mark D. Griffiths, Cem Cahit Barisik, F. Inan, Ebru Morg","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170312ee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170312ee","url":null,"abstract":". Impacts of Covid-19 and Lockdown on Mental Health: Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Fear among Adult Population in Turkey. Archives of Clinical and Biomedical Research 6 (2022): 1010-1020","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69341663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the Safety of Enoxaparin a Low Molecular Weight Heparin for Prophylaxis against Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis","authors":"S. Vadi, Sanjay P. Shah, Kenneth Yim, I. Egbunike","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69340523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adham E Obeidat, Ratib Mahfouz, Landon A Kozai, Mahmoud M. Mansour, M. Darweesh, Ahmad Alqam, Parthav Shah, Traci T Murakami
Hypoglycemia is Associated with Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis; Nationwide Study. Abstract Aim: Cirrhosis may cause dysregulation of glucose homeostasis due to abnormalities in metabolism and responses to changes in the blood glucose level. Cirrhotic patients may be more prone to hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in cirrhotic patients with sepsis and may indicate a greater severity of illness. This study aims to elucidate the effect of hypoglycemia on in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients. were calcul-ated. Diabetic patients were excluded from the study to rule out the possibility of iatrogenic hypoglycemia. Results: Out of 1,778,829 inpatients with cirrhosis, 31,615 had a diagnosis of hypoglycemia. Total hospital charges were significantly higher in the cirrhosis and hypoglycemia group compared to the non-hypoglycemia group. The mean length of stay (LOS) in the hypoglycemia group was significantly higher. Mortality, vasopressor usage, mechanical ventilation, cardiac arrest, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were significantly higher in the hypoglycemia group compared to the non-hypoglycemia one. Conclusion: In patients with cirrhosis, hypoglycemia was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and rate of critical illness as suggested by elevated rates of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and vasopre-ssor use. These patients also had longer hospital LOS and higher total hospital charges. Hypoglycemia may reflect advanced liver disease or indicate early sepsis and potentially forbodes a prolonged, complicated hospital course.
{"title":"Hypoglycemia is Associated with Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis; A Nationwide Study","authors":"Adham E Obeidat, Ratib Mahfouz, Landon A Kozai, Mahmoud M. Mansour, M. Darweesh, Ahmad Alqam, Parthav Shah, Traci T Murakami","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170259","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoglycemia is Associated with Increased In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis; Nationwide Study. Abstract Aim: Cirrhosis may cause dysregulation of glucose homeostasis due to abnormalities in metabolism and responses to changes in the blood glucose level. Cirrhotic patients may be more prone to hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in cirrhotic patients with sepsis and may indicate a greater severity of illness. This study aims to elucidate the effect of hypoglycemia on in-hospital mortality in cirrhotic patients. were calcul-ated. Diabetic patients were excluded from the study to rule out the possibility of iatrogenic hypoglycemia. Results: Out of 1,778,829 inpatients with cirrhosis, 31,615 had a diagnosis of hypoglycemia. Total hospital charges were significantly higher in the cirrhosis and hypoglycemia group compared to the non-hypoglycemia group. The mean length of stay (LOS) in the hypoglycemia group was significantly higher. Mortality, vasopressor usage, mechanical ventilation, cardiac arrest, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were significantly higher in the hypoglycemia group compared to the non-hypoglycemia one. Conclusion: In patients with cirrhosis, hypoglycemia was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and rate of critical illness as suggested by elevated rates of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and vasopre-ssor use. These patients also had longer hospital LOS and higher total hospital charges. Hypoglycemia may reflect advanced liver disease or indicate early sepsis and potentially forbodes a prolonged, complicated hospital course.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69340568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xie Zhimin, Dai Xiangnong, Pan Qiaolin, Liao QingQing, Ye Xingdong
{"title":"Tacrolimus Reverses the Pemphigus Vulgaris Serum-Enhanced Expression of Desmoglein in HaCaT Cells","authors":"Xie Zhimin, Dai Xiangnong, Pan Qiaolin, Liao QingQing, Ye Xingdong","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69341507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie Suehiro, S. Okubo, Kensuke Nakajima, K. Kanda, M. Hayakawa, S. Oiso, T. Kabashima, Hideaki Fujita, Yukio Ando, T. Muro
development and activity of the immune system, accounting for differences in gender-related immune responses. 13 The ratio of naive B cells before vaccination and the ratio of activated CD8-positive T cells after vaccination are detected as immunological features that positively correlate with the increase in antibody titre after vaccination. 14 The results of this study showed that female participants had a higher incidence of adverse events.
{"title":"Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Young Japanese People: A Case-Control Study of the Risk of Systemic Adverse Events by A Questionnaire Survey","authors":"Marie Suehiro, S. Okubo, Kensuke Nakajima, K. Kanda, M. Hayakawa, S. Oiso, T. Kabashima, Hideaki Fujita, Yukio Ando, T. Muro","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170222","url":null,"abstract":"development and activity of the immune system, accounting for differences in gender-related immune responses. 13 The ratio of naive B cells before vaccination and the ratio of activated CD8-positive T cells after vaccination are detected as immunological features that positively correlate with the increase in antibody titre after vaccination. 14 The results of this study showed that female participants had a higher incidence of adverse events.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69339914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound and Mammography in Young Women with Radiographically Dense Breasts","authors":"Jitendra Parmar, Sumita Choudhary, Anagha Zope, Tapan Patel, Nishith K. Chaudhari, Sandip Shah, Maulik Vora, Harsh Vyas","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69340587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 is a recent globally-manifested phenomenon that compels healthcare workers to face and rapidly adapt to forceful changes. While much of the research has a general focus on all healthcare professions,this work has the specific focus on radiographers because they play a critical role in monitoring the spread of COVID-19. A Pandemic Experiences and Perceptions Survey (PEPS) was used to report on radiographers’ experiences. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed to radiographers between May and June 2020. A number of 102 (29.4%) completed the survey (48 [47.1%] males and 54 [52.9%] females). With respect to the five PEPS tools, the means (± SD) of each tool were as follows: disruption, 2.487 (±0.94); resources, 2.576 (±0.914); risk perception, 2.946 (±1.57); impact on work-life areas, 3.81 (±0.711); and leadership, 3.795 (±0.807). Eighty percent of radiographers were in agreement that COVID-19 affected their work distribution and 74.5% did not consider their protective equipment, staff availability, and support staff competence to be adequate. Sixtytwo percent of the participants reported fear of the virus. This study allows for front-line radiographers to quickly express concerns and provides insight into the issues that must be addressed during the current and future outbreaks.
{"title":"Measurement of Radiographers’ Pandemic Experiences and Perceptions During COVID-19","authors":"Muna Almulla","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170247","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a recent globally-manifested phenomenon that compels healthcare workers to face and rapidly adapt to forceful changes. While much of the research has a general focus on all healthcare professions,this work has the specific focus on radiographers because they play a critical role in monitoring the spread of COVID-19. A Pandemic Experiences and Perceptions Survey (PEPS) was used to report on radiographers’ experiences. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed to radiographers between May and June 2020. A number of 102 (29.4%) completed the survey (48 [47.1%] males and 54 [52.9%] females). With respect to the five PEPS tools, the means (± SD) of each tool were as follows: disruption, 2.487 (±0.94); resources, 2.576 (±0.914); risk perception, 2.946 (±1.57); impact on work-life areas, 3.81 (±0.711); and leadership, 3.795 (±0.807). Eighty percent of radiographers were in agreement that COVID-19 affected their work distribution and 74.5% did not consider their protective equipment, staff availability, and support staff competence to be adequate. Sixtytwo percent of the participants reported fear of the virus. This study allows for front-line radiographers to quickly express concerns and provides insight into the issues that must be addressed during the current and future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69340591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Dia, M. Diagne, G. Fall, Mamadou Malado Jallow, Amary Fall, Mamadou Alioune Barry, A. Diallo, O. Faye, Marie Henriette Dior Dione, Ndeye Sakha Bop, Safietou Sankhe, Martin Faye, Idrissa Dieng, M. Diop, C. Loucoubar, C. Peyreffite, Amadou Alpha Sall, O. Faye
{"title":"COVID-19 and Children in Senegal: Epidemiological and Virological Insights","authors":"N. Dia, M. Diagne, G. Fall, Mamadou Malado Jallow, Amary Fall, Mamadou Alioune Barry, A. Diallo, O. Faye, Marie Henriette Dior Dione, Ndeye Sakha Bop, Safietou Sankhe, Martin Faye, Idrissa Dieng, M. Diop, C. Loucoubar, C. Peyreffite, Amadou Alpha Sall, O. Faye","doi":"10.26502/acbr.50170250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/acbr.50170250","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69340601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.02.21250607
J. Xi, Wai Kin (Victor) Chan
The safety of students worldwide remains a key issue during COVID-19. The reopening of universities in high risk countries during Fall 2020 resulted in numerous outbreaks. While regular screening and testing on campus can prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, they are extremely challenging to implement due to various reasons such as cost and logistics. However, for low risk countries with minimal to no community spread, our study suggests that universities can fully reopen without testing, if students self-quarantine for 14 days on arrival and adopt proper nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). This alternative strategy might save institutions millions of dollars. We adopt agent-based simulation to model virus transmission on campus and test the effectiveness of several NPIs when school reopens. Assuming one initially infected student, results indicate that transmission between roommates causes the most infections with visitors, ground floors, and elevators, being the next main contributors. Limiting density and/or population are not impactful at flattening the curve. However, adopting masks, minimizing movement, and increasing the frequency of cleaning can effectively minimize infection and prevent outbreak, allowing for classes and activities to resume as normal.
{"title":"Reopening Universities without Testing During COVID-19: Evaluating a Possible Alternative Strategy in Low Risk Countries","authors":"J. Xi, Wai Kin (Victor) Chan","doi":"10.1101/2021.03.02.21250607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21250607","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of students worldwide remains a key issue during COVID-19. The reopening of universities in high risk countries during Fall 2020 resulted in numerous outbreaks. While regular screening and testing on campus can prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, they are extremely challenging to implement due to various reasons such as cost and logistics. However, for low risk countries with minimal to no community spread, our study suggests that universities can fully reopen without testing, if students self-quarantine for 14 days on arrival and adopt proper nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). This alternative strategy might save institutions millions of dollars. We adopt agent-based simulation to model virus transmission on campus and test the effectiveness of several NPIs when school reopens. Assuming one initially infected student, results indicate that transmission between roommates causes the most infections with visitors, ground floors, and elevators, being the next main contributors. Limiting density and/or population are not impactful at flattening the curve. However, adopting masks, minimizing movement, and increasing the frequency of cleaning can effectively minimize infection and prevent outbreak, allowing for classes and activities to resume as normal.","PeriodicalId":72279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical and biomedical research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62323208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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