Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4921-6.ch011
V. V. Rao, R. Sonashree, Rashmi R. Halbavi
Plastics are the most commonly used polymers for conventional applications. Plastic wastes accumulating the environment are presenting an ever-increasing ecological threat. Low density polyethylene is major cause of long-term environmental pollution. An eco-friendly approach to resolve this ever-growing persistent menace is bioremediation. The diverse metabolic capability of microbes can be effectively exploited for breakdown of plastic wastes. Another approach is to synthesise biodegradable or organic plastics which is soluble in the natural environment. There are several advantages associated with these biodegradable plastics or plastic degrading microbes. They can be composted with organic wastes and returned to enrich the soil. Their use will not only reduce stress and loss of habitat of wild animals caused by dumping of conventional plastics but will also lessen the labor expenses for the removal of plastic wastes in the environment because they degrade naturally. This review describes bioremediation/biodegradation process, production, types of and advantages of bioplastics.
{"title":"Review on Plastic Waste Disposal and Role of Microorganisms in Bioremediation of Plastics","authors":"V. V. Rao, R. Sonashree, Rashmi R. Halbavi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4921-6.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4921-6.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics are the most commonly used polymers for conventional applications. Plastic wastes accumulating the environment are presenting an ever-increasing ecological threat. Low density polyethylene is major cause of long-term environmental pollution. An eco-friendly approach to resolve this ever-growing persistent menace is bioremediation. The diverse metabolic capability of microbes can be effectively exploited for breakdown of plastic wastes. Another approach is to synthesise biodegradable or organic plastics which is soluble in the natural environment. There are several advantages associated with these biodegradable plastics or plastic degrading microbes. They can be composted with organic wastes and returned to enrich the soil. Their use will not only reduce stress and loss of habitat of wild animals caused by dumping of conventional plastics but will also lessen the labor expenses for the removal of plastic wastes in the environment because they degrade naturally. This review describes bioremediation/biodegradation process, production, types of and advantages of bioplastics.","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76361847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4915-5.CH005
Seda Yıldırım
Energy is an important issue for achieving sustainable development. Sustainable Development Goals emphasize renewable energy sources, green energy technologies, and energy efficiency for sustainable world. In addition, energy consumption patterns can influence energy efficiency as much as green energy policies. In this point, sustainable consumption patterns should be adapted into energy consumption. 3R principle can be an alternative model for sustainable energy consumption. This study aims to explore how household can adapt 3R principle in energy consumption patterns in Turkey. Turkey aims to achieve sustainable development goals and especially works to achieve energy security and efficiency in the long term. In this point, the contribution of households will play a critical role for energy efficiency and security in a country. The study analyzed open access data from TURKSTAT (Turkish Statistical Institute) to determine the framework of household energy consumption patterns.
{"title":"3R Principle in Household Energy Consumption Patterns","authors":"Seda Yıldırım","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4915-5.CH005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4915-5.CH005","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is an important issue for achieving sustainable development. Sustainable Development Goals emphasize renewable energy sources, green energy technologies, and energy efficiency for sustainable world. In addition, energy consumption patterns can influence energy efficiency as much as green energy policies. In this point, sustainable consumption patterns should be adapted into energy consumption. 3R principle can be an alternative model for sustainable energy consumption. This study aims to explore how household can adapt 3R principle in energy consumption patterns in Turkey. Turkey aims to achieve sustainable development goals and especially works to achieve energy security and efficiency in the long term. In this point, the contribution of households will play a critical role for energy efficiency and security in a country. The study analyzed open access data from TURKSTAT (Turkish Statistical Institute) to determine the framework of household energy consumption patterns.","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72936824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7062-3.CH012
Podduturi Vanamala, Uzma Sultana, P. Sindhura, M. Gul
With a substantial decline in the use of synthetic chemicals, the growing demand for agricultural production is a critical concern in today's world. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been found to be an environmentally sound way of increasing agricultural productivity by promoting plant growth either through a direct or indirect mechanism. PGPRs are commonly occurring soil microbes that colonize the root system, which is an ideal location for interactions with plant microbes. PGPRs can provide an enticing way of reducing the use of toxic chemicals and can affect plant growth and development, either through releasing plant growth regulators or other bioactive stimulants and by taking up nutrients through fixation and mobilization, minimizing adverse effects of microbial pathogens on crops by using numerous mechanisms. In addition, they also play a significant role in soil fertility. This chapter aims to explore the diversified plant growth mechanisms that promote rhizobacteria in fostering crop yields and promoting sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)","authors":"Podduturi Vanamala, Uzma Sultana, P. Sindhura, M. Gul","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7062-3.CH012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7062-3.CH012","url":null,"abstract":"With a substantial decline in the use of synthetic chemicals, the growing demand for agricultural production is a critical concern in today's world. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been found to be an environmentally sound way of increasing agricultural productivity by promoting plant growth either through a direct or indirect mechanism. PGPRs are commonly occurring soil microbes that colonize the root system, which is an ideal location for interactions with plant microbes. PGPRs can provide an enticing way of reducing the use of toxic chemicals and can affect plant growth and development, either through releasing plant growth regulators or other bioactive stimulants and by taking up nutrients through fixation and mobilization, minimizing adverse effects of microbial pathogens on crops by using numerous mechanisms. In addition, they also play a significant role in soil fertility. This chapter aims to explore the diversified plant growth mechanisms that promote rhizobacteria in fostering crop yields and promoting sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90056700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch002
The physical and mathematical formulation and results of the numerical solution of the problem for ignition of a coniferous tree (pine) by a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge are presented. The problem is considered in a flat formulation in a cylindrical coordinate system. The features of current flow and heat transfer are considered taking into account the localization of reactive wood and the presence of a surface layer of water. A parametric analysis was carried out, and the conditions for the ignition of a tree trunk were determined in a typical range of the exposure to negative and positive discharges.
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Mathematical Models to Simulate Coniferous Tree Ignition","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and mathematical formulation and results of the numerical solution of the problem for ignition of a coniferous tree (pine) by a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge are presented. The problem is considered in a flat formulation in a cylindrical coordinate system. The features of current flow and heat transfer are considered taking into account the localization of reactive wood and the presence of a surface layer of water. A parametric analysis was carried out, and the conditions for the ignition of a tree trunk were determined in a typical range of the exposure to negative and positive discharges.","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75305590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4312-2.ch010
Plant breeders are usually faced with the problem of predicting the performance of new individuals with untested gene combinations. Therefore, it is important to follow an integrated breeding approach by combining molecular tools, molecular mapping, and MAS. It is also required to develop tools for modeling and simulation analysis by utilizing all pre-existing and newly generated data. Several software tools have been developed that integrates breeding simulations and phenotype prediction models using genomic information. Reliable phenotype prediction models for the simulation were constructed from actual genotype and phenotype data. Such simulation-based genome-assisted approach to breeding will help optimize plant breeding in all important agricultural crops. Software tools have also been developed for designing target sites or evaluating the outcome of genome/gene editing system. This chapter provides an overview of the key software support tools that will assist the plant breeders in decision making during the process of conducting various breeding program.
{"title":"Software Tools to Assist Breeding Decisions","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4312-2.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4312-2.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"Plant breeders are usually faced with the problem of predicting the performance of new individuals with untested gene combinations. Therefore, it is important to follow an integrated breeding approach by combining molecular tools, molecular mapping, and MAS. It is also required to develop tools for modeling and simulation analysis by utilizing all pre-existing and newly generated data. Several software tools have been developed that integrates breeding simulations and phenotype prediction models using genomic information. Reliable phenotype prediction models for the simulation were constructed from actual genotype and phenotype data. Such simulation-based genome-assisted approach to breeding will help optimize plant breeding in all important agricultural crops. Software tools have also been developed for designing target sites or evaluating the outcome of genome/gene editing system. This chapter provides an overview of the key software support tools that will assist the plant breeders in decision making during the process of conducting various breeding program.","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85622045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch003
The results of the numerical implementation of the spatial formulation for the problem of coniferous tree ignition by an electric current of a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge are presented. The problem is solved in a three-dimensional formulation in a cylindrical coordinate system. The axisymmetric formulation of the problem is considered. Localization of reactive wood, structural inhomogeneity of the bark, current-voltage characteristics of a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge, and chemical reaction in the gas phase are taken into account. The conditions for the ignition of a coniferous tree in the typical range of the discharge effect are revealed.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Mathematical Models to Simulate Coniferous Tree Ignition","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the numerical implementation of the spatial formulation for the problem of coniferous tree ignition by an electric current of a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge are presented. The problem is solved in a three-dimensional formulation in a cylindrical coordinate system. The axisymmetric formulation of the problem is considered. Localization of reactive wood, structural inhomogeneity of the bark, current-voltage characteristics of a cloud-to-ground lightning discharge, and chemical reaction in the gas phase are taken into account. The conditions for the ignition of a coniferous tree in the typical range of the discharge effect are revealed.","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82809249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8335-7
{"title":"Handbook of Research on Strategic Management for Current Energy Investments","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8335-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8335-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86092657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch011
This chapter discusses the issue of experimental modeling of the forest fuel layer ignition by the focused solar radiation. The main types of glass containers that can be found in forested areas are considered. Two experimental facilities are presented for simulating smoldering and ignition of forest fuels under the influence of focused solar radiation. Samples of forest fuels typical for the Siberian regions (Tomsk region and Republic of Buryatia) are investigated. Data on the physical mechanism and ignition delay of forest fuel are presented.
{"title":"Physical Modeling of Forest Fuel Ignition by the Focused Sunlight","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the issue of experimental modeling of the forest fuel layer ignition by the focused solar radiation. The main types of glass containers that can be found in forested areas are considered. Two experimental facilities are presented for simulating smoldering and ignition of forest fuels under the influence of focused solar radiation. Samples of forest fuels typical for the Siberian regions (Tomsk region and Republic of Buryatia) are investigated. Data on the physical mechanism and ignition delay of forest fuel are presented.","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75411493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch014
A new probabilistic criterion for forest fire danger and a new methodology for determining the probability of forest fires taking into account thunderstorm activity and the level of anthropogenic load in a controlled area are considered. The results of a parametric study of the dependence of probability on meteorological conditions, thunderstorm activity, and anthropogenic load are also presented. The fire situation corresponds to the statistics of fire accidents in the territory of the Timiryazevskiy forestry of Tomsk region.
{"title":"Forest Fire Probability Prediction Taking Into Account Anthropogenic Load, Lightning Activity, and Weather Conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7250-4.ch014","url":null,"abstract":"A new probabilistic criterion for forest fire danger and a new methodology for determining the probability of forest fires taking into account thunderstorm activity and the level of anthropogenic load in a controlled area are considered. The results of a parametric study of the dependence of probability on meteorological conditions, thunderstorm activity, and anthropogenic load are also presented. The fire situation corresponds to the statistics of fire accidents in the territory of the Timiryazevskiy forestry of Tomsk region.","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91379706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5000-7
{"title":"Precision Agriculture Technologies for Food Security and Sustainability","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5000-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5000-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7235,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87789454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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