Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)最新文献

To endow silicone rubber (SR) catheter with antibacterial property, the SR catheter was modified with a new kind of biomass carbon dots (CDs) by the bulk modification to obtabin the SR/CDs catheter. The antimicrobial behavior and biocompatibility of SR/CDs catheter were analyzed by plate counting method, cytotoxicity test and in vivo animal experiments. The results showed that, SR/CDs catheter possessed antimicrobial properties, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of SR/CDs catheter was 20 mg/ml against Escherichia coli (E. coil) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antimicrobial mechanism of SR/CDs was further investigated, and it was found that the SR/CDs induced the production of reactive oxygen species in bacterial cells by disrupting the bacterial membrane through adsorption. In addition, in vivo experiments have shown that SR/CDs catheter owns good biosafety profile and reduces the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections by modu-lating inflammatory factors. Meanwhile, SR/CDs catheter can be produced in a simple production process using an extruder, which is expected to be used as a novelty type of catheter in the clinic. .

In addition to the basic and main parts of hospital equipment, 316 L stainless steel is widely utilized in futures such as nails and screws, wires and medical bone clips, dental implants, heart springs (stents), needles, surgical scissors, etc. In the present study, the electrophoretic deposition of a composite based on chitosan (CS), gelatin, nano and microparticles of hydroxyapatite on a 316 L stainless steel substrate was investigated. Hydroxyapatite particles are added to it due to the ossification abilities of steel and due to an enhanced adhesion and bone production, CS and biocompatible gelatin polymer particles were also added to hydroxyapatite. These particles were mixed in an ethanol/deionized water/acetic acid solution to create a suspension for the electrophoretic procedure. A mixture of 5 g l^-1of hydroxyapatite, 0.5 g l^-1of CS, and 1 g l^-1were present in the suspension. The best coating time was 1200s, and the best voltage was 30 V. The high density of the hydroxyapatite particles in the CS/gelatin polymer matrix was seen in scanning electron microscopy pictures. Additionally, the outcomes of the immersing samples in the simulated body fluid were evaluated, and the results revealed that, after 14 d, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles grew more rapidly than microparticles. The presence of CS, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite in the coating was verified by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic polarization in Phosphate-buffered saline were used to assess the corrosion results. In comparison to the bare sample, the corrosion resistance of the coated sample increased from 1.22 × 10⁵to 7.17 × 10⁵Ω.cm²under best circumstances, according to EIS results. Additionally, in the polarization test, the corrosion potential increased from -225.24 to -157.01 mV (vs. SCE) and the corrosion current dropped from 2.159 to 1.201 µA cm^-2.

Conventional drug delivery systems often suffer from non-specific distribution and limited therapeutic efficacy, leading to significant side effects. To address these challenges, we developed magnetoelectric, cobalt ferrite@barium titanate (CFO@BTO) nanofibers (NFs), with a core-shell structure for targeted anticancer drug delivery. The electrospinning method was employed to synthesize polymeric NFs based on magnetoelectric core-shell nanostructures. The scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis confirmed the successful loading of nanostructures on polymeric NF, the core-shell morphology and magnetoelectric phase of CFO@BTO, respectively. UV-Vis spectroscopy was applied to verify the drug attachment, the optimization of drug release in an applied external magnetic field (MF), and the time required for control drug release. The effectiveness of MF-assisted controlled drug release was demonstrated by achieving a 95 ± 1.03% drug release from magnetoelectric NFs (MENFs) within 30 min under a MF of 4 mT.In vitrocytotoxicity assay on human skin cancer (SK-MEL-28) cell lines exhibited a maximum 90 ± 2% cytotoxicity with 2 ± 0.03 cm of drug loaded MENFs. Furthermore, the Hemolysis assay was carried out to affirm the biocompatibility and non-toxicity of drug loaded MENFs, which is suitable for anticancer therapy.

(1) Background: Drug-induced liver injury is a prevalent global health concern that necessitates urgent development of safe and effective treatment options for patients. Drug-carrying nanoparticles have garnered significant attention for dis-ease treatments due to their capacity to enhance drug solubility, provide drug protection, and prolong release duration, thereby improving drug bioavailability and increasing therapeutic efficacy. We initially present a nanostructured carrier incorporating glycyrrhetinic acid and transferrin. The ex-periments prove that this carrier can achieve the targeted and prolonged delivery of hepatocyte growth factor; (2) Methods: Hepatocyte growth factor was loaded to the nanocarrier successfully with hepatocyte growth factor modified glycyr-rhetinic acid by ultrasound techniques, and subsequently characterized by parti-cle size, zeta potential, drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency, morphology and release kinetics in vitro. The hepatoprotective effects were evaluated by cell proliferation, cellular uptake, apoptosis, ALT and AST levels in three-dimensional spherical liver injury cell models induced by paracetamol and rifampicin; (3) Results: The drug-carrying nanoparticles were synthesized successfully with favorable nanoparticle characteristics. The optimal dosage ra-tio was determined to be 42.47 %. In vitro studies demonstrated that the nano-particles released hepatocyte growth factor continuously, thereby prolonging the action time and effectively protecting liver injury cell models from drug-induced hepatotoxicity. For the two kinds of drug-induced liver injury cell mod-els, the capacity of the drug-carrying nanoparticles to enhance cellular prolifera-tion was superior to that of hepatocyte growth factor, magnesium isoglycyrrhizi-nate and their physical mixture. The results of cell uptake experiments showed that HepG2/C3A cells had a high uptake rate of the drug-carrying nanoparticles, especially evidenced by the enhanced fluorescence signal in the nucleus, indi-cating the targeted effect mediated by the drug-carrying nanoparticles. The re-sults of flow cytometry, apoptosis, biochemical indexes and cytotoxicity tests exhibited consistency. (4) Conclusions: The drug-carrying nanoparticles exhibits potential as a thera-peutic agent with heptoprotective properties.

Purpose of the study was to enhance the solubility of chlorthalidone, poorly soluble diuretic that has been the used for lowering high blood pressure for the past half-century. Solubility is a challenge for approximately 90% of drug candidates. Chlorthalidone is BCS Class IV drug whose poor solubility needs to be improved in order to optimize its efficacy. Using a free radical polymerization technique, sodium alginate-based nanogels were formulated for enhancing solubility of chlorthalidone. The evaluation of various characteristics of nanogels was done by structural characterization, drug loading, swelling, sol-gel transition,in-vitrorelease, solubility, and toxicity tests. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed characteristic peaks of the primary raw materials and polymeric nanogels. The FT-IR spectra of the chlorthalidone-loaded nanogels suggested discrete drug peaks confirming successful drug loading. The system's amorphous nature and thermal stability were indicated by powder x-ray diffractometry and thermal analysis. The scanning electron microscopy indicated a well-defined porous structure. The size of the nanogels was determined by zeta size analysis to be 189 ± 18.35 n·m. The solubility enhancement factor demonstrated the potential for improved solubility of the poorly soluble drug. The resulting biocompatible nanogels could be used to improve the solubility of hydrophobic drugs.

This study investigates the potential of combining Cerium-doped bioactive glass (BBGi) with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to enhance the properties of titanium (Ti) implant surfaces using the Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique. The primary focus is on improving osseointegration, corrosion resistance, and evaluating the cytotoxicity of the developed thin films towards host cells. The innovative approach involves synthesizing a composite thin film comprising BBGi and PVP, leveraging the distinct benefits of both materials: BBGi's biocompatibility and osteoinductive capabilities, and PVP's film-forming and biocompatible properties. Results demonstrate that the BBGi + PVP coatings significantly enhance hydrophilicity, indicating improved cell-material interaction potential. The electrochemical analysis reveals superior corrosion resistance of the BBGi + PVP films compared to BBGi alone, which is critical for long-term implant stability. The mechanical adherence tests confirm the robust attachment of the coatings to Ti substrates, surpassing the ISO standards for implant materials. Biocompatibility tests show promising cell viability and negligible cytotoxic effects, with a controlled inflammatory response, underscoring the potential of BBGi + PVP coatings for orthopedic applications. The study concludes that the synergistic combination of BBGi and PVP, applied through the MAPLE technique, offers a promising route to fabricate bioactive and corrosion-resistant coatings for Ti implants, potentially enhancing osseointegration and longevity in clinical settings.

The ability of osseointegration of implants is an important factor in ensuring the long-term stability of bone implants in their recipient sites. In this paper, Ti-M titanium alloys with different surface micro-area potential difference (MAPD) were prepared and the adhesion, proliferation, spreading, and differentiation behavior of osteoblasts (MC3T3) on the surface of Ti-M alloy were investigated in detail to reveal the effect of MAPD on cell compatibility and osteogenic differentiation. The results showed that the alloy with high MAPD facilitated bone differentiation, demonstrating that MAPD significantly enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability of osteoblasts, and upregulated the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related factors. It is suggested that it might be a strategy to promote the surface bioactivity of titanium alloy by adjusting the surface MAPD.

Post-traumatic hemorrhage is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, most current hemostatic materials focus on incorporating nutritional components, with limited research addressing the impact of the material's structure on hemostasis. In this study, we developed cytocompatible and hemocompatible three-dimensional gelatin sponges with a patterned and aligned structure, designed for rapid hemostasis. The sponges were characterized by light microscope photography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pattern sponges with gelatin (P-Gelatin) exhibited aligned structures on their surfaces and the inner structure. In terms of biocompatibility, MTT assay, and hemolysis experiment showed that P-Gelatin had good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility.In vivoblood coagulation andin vivohemostasis, P-Gelatin sponges, with their aligned structure, exhibit rapid adsorption of red blood cells and platelets compared to non-patterned gelatin counterparts. This work introduces a safe and convenient patterned sponge for rapid hemostasis, especially highlighting a concept where a patterned structure can enhance the effectiveness of blood clotting, which is particularly relevant for tissue engineering.

It is crucial for the successful transplantation of large segmental bone defects to achieve rapid vascularization within bone scaffolds. However, there are certain limitations including uncontrolled angiogenesis and inadequate vascular function. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop bone scaffolds with functional vascular networks. In our study, porousβ-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds with varying pore sizes were prepared by 3D printing technology, loaded with osteopontin derived peptide Ser-Val-Val-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg (SVVYGLR) to induce osteoinduction and angiogenesis.In vitro, the proliferation and migration behaviors of human umbilical vein endothelial cell on scaffolds were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. And the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin Red S staining. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of cell adhesion molecule (CD31), vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia inducible factor-1αin each group were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.In vivo, cube scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted on the right hips of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 6 weeks. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical analysis of osteocalcin and CD31 were performed on slices for every sample with three sections to explore the effect of SVVYGLR-loaded scaffolds on angiogenesis and osteogenic induction for bone reconstruction. The results indicate that 3D printedβ-TCP scaffolds loaded with the SVVYGLR peptide offer superior revascularization and osteoinduction to the scaffolds without the SVVYGLRin situ. Moreover, scaffolds with a pore size of 400 µm demonstrate higher effectiveness compared to those with a 150 µm pore size. The distinct hollow channel scaffolds and the specific SVVYGLR peptide substantially improve cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation, as well as promote angiogenesis and bone formation. Furthermore, scaffolds with a pore size of 400 µm may exhibit greater efficacy compared to those with a pore size of 150 µm. The results of this study provide an idea for the development of practical applications for tissue-engineered bone scaffolds.

Advancement in medicine and technology has resulted into prevention of countless deaths and increased life span. However, it is important to note that, the modern lifestyle has altered the food habits, witnessed increased life-style stresses and road accidents leading to several health complications and one of the primary victims is the bone health. More often than ever, healthcare professionals encounter cases of massive bone fracture, bone loss and generation of critical sized bone defects. Surgical interventions, through the use of bone grafting techniques are necessary in such cases. Natural bone grafts (allografts, autografts and xenografts) however, have major drawbacks in terms of delayed rehabilitation, lack of appropriate donors, infection and morbidity that shifted the focus of several investigators to the direction of synthetic bone grafts. By employing biomaterials that are based on bone tissue engineering (BTE), synthetic bone grafts provide a more biologically acceptable approach to establishing the phases of bone healing. In BTE, various materials are utilized to support and enhance bone regeneration. Biodegradable polymers like poly-(lactic acid), poly-(glycolic acid), and poly-(ϵ-caprolactone) are commonly used for their customizable mechanical properties and ability to degrade over time, allowing for natural bone growth. PEG is employed in hydrogels to promote cell adhesion and growth. Ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) mimic natural bone mineral and support bone cell attachment, withβ-TCP gradually resorbing as new bone forms. Composite materials, including polymer-ceramic and polymer-glasses, combine the benefits of both polymers and ceramics/glasses to offer enhanced mechanical and biological properties. Natural biomaterials like collagen, gelatin, and chitosan provide a natural matrix for cell attachment and tissue formation, with chitosan also offering antimicrobial properties. Hybrid materials such as decellularized bone matrix retain natural bone structure and biological factors, while functionalized scaffolds incorporate growth factors or bioactive molecules to further stimulate bone healing and integration. The current review article provides the critical insights on several biomaterials that could yield to revolutionary improvements in orthopedic medical fields. The introduction section of this article focuses on the statistical information on the requirements of various bone scaffolds globally and its impact on economy. In the later section, anatomy of the human bone, defects and diseases pertaining to human bone, and limitations of natural bone scaffolds and synthetic bone scaffolds were detailed. Biopolymers, bioceramics, and biometals-based biomaterials were discussed in further depth in the sections that followed. The article then concludes with a summary addressing the current trends and the future prospects of potential bone transplants.