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A performance evaluation of commercially available and 3D-printable prosthetic hands: a comparison using the anthropomorphic hand assessment protocol.
Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00086-w
Joshua R Siegel, Jedidiah K Harwood, Annette C Lau, Dylan J A Brenneis, Michael R Dawson, Patrick M Pilarski, Jonathon S Schofield

Despite significant technological progress in prosthetic hands, a device with functionality akin to a biological extremity is far from realization. To better support the development of next-generation technologies, we investigated the grasping capabilities of clinically prescribable and commercially available (CPCA) prosthetic hands against those that are 3D-printed, which offer cost-effective and customizable solutions. Our investigation utilized the Anthropomorphic Hand Assessment Protocol (AHAP) as a benchtop evaluation of the multi-grasp performance of 3D-printed devices against CPCA prosthetic hands. Our comparison sample included three open-source 3D-printed prosthetic hands (HACKberry Hand, HANDi Hand, and BEAR PAW) and three CPCA prosthetic hands (Össur i-Limb Quantum, RSL Steeper BeBionic Hand V3, and Psyonic Ability Hand), along with including previously published AHAP data for four additional 3D-printed hands (Dextrus v2.0, IMMA, InMoov, and Limbitless). Our findings revealed a notable grasping performance disparity, with 3D-printed prostheses generally underperforming compared to their CPCA counterparts, specifically in cylindrical, diagonal volar, extension, and spherical grips. We propose that the observed performance shortfalls are likely attributed to the design or build quality of the 3D-printed prostheses, owing to the fact that 3D-printed hands often have a lower technology readiness level for widespread use. Addressing the limitations highlighted in this work and subsequent research will play a crucial role in refining the design and functionality of both 3D-printed and CPCA prosthetic devices.

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引用次数: 0
Comparing scissors and scalpels to a novel surgical instrument: a biomechanical sectioning study. 剪刀和手术刀与新型手术器械的比较:生物力学切片研究。
Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00085-x
Zach Spears, Molly Paras, Lauren Fitzsimmons, Logan De Lacy, Peter Wawrzyn, Sam Conway, Srihari Gopalan, Kyle Muckenhirn, John Puccinelli

Background: This study introduces a novel surgical instrument to reduce iatrogenic nerve injuries during procedures such as carpal tunnel and ulnar nerve decompression surgery. These injuries often result from direct damage to surrounding tissues by surgical instruments, whose designs have remained largely unchanged over the past decades. The novel device is a modified surgical forceps that has a deployable surgical scalpel that runs along a groove on the forceps. This design protects important anatomical structures while allowing fast dissection and cutting of fascial layers.

Methods: The process used to develop a novel instrument included computer-aided design (CAD) modeling, 3D printing for prototyping, and the fabrication of an aluminum prototype. Biomechanical testing was performed with the novel device, iris scissors, bandage scissors, and a scalpel on an MTS Static Materials Test System. The peak force to slide-cut, number of cut attempts, and percentage cut on first attempt were compared between the prototype and traditional surgical tools. The materials cut in testing were Ace™ bandage, stockinette, and gauze. Statistical analyses were performed using Welch's t-tests and Fisher's exact tests.

Results: Compared to conventional bandage and iris scissors, the novel surgical instrument required significantly less force to cut through an Ace™ bandage, stockinette, and gauze (p < 0.01). The number of cuts required to transect those same materials with the novel device was comparable to that of the scalpel and bandage scissors. Additionally, while there were no differences between the novel device and the other devices for an Ace™ bandage and stockinette, the novel device tended to cut a greater percentage of gauze in one pass than did the iris scissors.

Conclusion: The novel surgical instrument designed in this study required less force compared to conventional scissors, demonstrated cutting efficiency similar to that of a scalpel blade, and had more safety features than either instrument. This study highlights the value of collaboration between biomedical engineering and orthopedic surgery departments on innovation in medical technology, through which new technologies with improved design and functionality demonstrate the potential to reduce iatrogenic injuries.

背景:本研究介绍了一种新型手术器械,以减少腕管和尺神经减压手术等过程中的先天性神经损伤。这些损伤通常是由于手术器械对周围组织的直接损伤造成的,而这些器械的设计在过去几十年中基本保持不变。这种新型装置是一种改良的手术钳,带有一个可展开的手术刀,沿着手术钳上的凹槽运行。这种设计既能保护重要的解剖结构,又能快速解剖和切割筋膜层:开发新型器械的过程包括计算机辅助设计(CAD)建模、3D 打印原型以及铝制原型的制造。在 MTS 静态材料测试系统上对新型器械、虹膜剪刀、绷带剪刀和手术刀进行了生物力学测试。对原型和传统手术工具的滑动切割峰值力、切割尝试次数和首次切割百分比进行了比较。测试中切割的材料包括 Ace™ 绷带、丝袜和纱布。统计分析采用韦尔奇 t 检验和费雪精确检验:结果:与传统的绷带剪刀和虹膜剪刀相比,新型手术器械在剪切 Ace™ 绷带、丝袜和纱布时所需的力量明显较小(p 结论:新型手术器械的剪切力明显小于传统的绷带剪刀和虹膜剪刀:与传统剪刀相比,本研究中设计的新型手术器械所需的力量更小,切割效率与手术刀刀片相似,而且比两种器械都更安全。这项研究强调了生物医学工程和骨科手术部门在医疗技术创新方面的合作价值,通过改进设计和功能的新技术展示了减少先天性损伤的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
The neurophysiology of sensorimotor prosthetic control. 感觉运动假肢控制的神经生理学。
Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00084-y
Sherif M Elbasiouny

Movement is a central behavior of daily living; thus lost or compromised movement due to disease, injury, or amputation causes enormous loss of productivity and quality of life. While prosthetics have evolved enormously over the years, restoring natural sensorimotor (SM) control via a prosthesis is a difficult problem which neuroengineering has yet to solve. With a focus on upper limb prosthetics, this perspective article discusses the neurophysiology of motor control under healthy conditions and after amputation, the development of upper limb prostheses from early generations to current state-of-the art sensorimotor neuroprostheses, and how postinjury changes could complicate prosthetic control. Current challenges and future development of smart sensorimotor neuroprostheses are also discussed.

运动是日常生活的核心行为;因此,因疾病、受伤或截肢而丧失或受损的运动能力会造成生产力和生活质量的巨大损失。多年来,假肢技术得到了长足的发展,但通过假肢恢复自然感觉运动(SM)控制仍是神经工程学尚未解决的难题。本视角文章以上肢假肢为重点,讨论了健康状态下和截肢后运动控制的神经生理学、从早期上肢假肢到当前最先进的传感运动神经假肢的发展,以及受伤后的变化如何使假肢控制复杂化。此外,还讨论了智能传感运动神经义肢目前面临的挑战和未来的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-parameter viscoelastic material model for denture adhesives based on time-temperature superposition and multiple linear regression analysis. 基于时间-温度叠加和多元线性回归分析的义齿粘合剂多参数粘弹性材料模型
Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00083-z
Anantha Narayanan Ramakrishnan, Josephine Reymann, Christopher Ludtka, Andreas Kiesow, Stefan Schwan

Background: Restorative solutions designed for edentulous patients such as dentures and their accompanying denture adhesives operate in the complex and dynamic environment represented by human oral physiology. Developing material models accounting for the viscoelastic behavior of denture adhesives can facilitate their further optimization within that unique physiological environment. This study aims to statistically quantify the degree of significance of three physiological variables - namely: temperature, adhesive swelling, and pH - on denture adhesive mechanical behavior. Further, based on these statistical significance estimations, a previously-developed viscoelastic material modelling approach for such denture adhesives is further expanded and developed to capture these variables' effects on mechanical behavior.

Methods: In this study a comparable version of Denture adhesive Corega Comfort was analysed rheologically using the steady state frequency sweep tests. The experimentally derived rheological storage and loss modulus values for the selected physiological variables were statistically analyzed using multi parameter linear regression analysis and the Pearson's coefficient technique to understand the significance of each individual parameter on the relaxation spectrum of the denture adhesive. Subsequently, the parameters are incorporated into a viscoelastic material model based on Prony series discretization and time-temperature superposition, and the mathematical relationship for the loss modulus is deduced.

Results: The results of this study clearly indicated that the variation in both the storage and loss modulus values can be accurately predicted using the oral cavity physiological parameters of temperature, swelling ratio, and pH with an adjusted R2 value of 0.85. The R2 value from the multi-parameter regression analysis indicated that the predictor variables can estimate the loss and storage modulus with a reasonable accuracy for at least 85% of the rheologically determined continuous relaxation spectrum with a confidence level of 98%. The Pearson's coefficient for the independent variables indicated that temperature and swelling have a strong influence on the loss modulus, whereas pH had a weak influence. Based on statistical analysis, these mathematical relationships were further developed in this study.

Conclusions: This multi-parameter viscoelastic material model is intended to facilitate future detailed numerical investigations performed with implementation of denture adhesives using the finite element method.

背景:为无牙患者设计的修复解决方案,如义齿及其配套的义齿粘合剂,是在人类口腔生理所代表的复杂而动态的环境中运行的。针对义齿粘接剂的粘弹性行为开发材料模型,有助于在这种独特的生理环境中进一步优化义齿粘接剂。本研究旨在统计量化三个生理变量(即温度、粘合剂膨胀和 pH 值)对义齿粘合剂机械行为的重要程度。此外,在这些统计意义估计的基础上,进一步扩展和发展了之前开发的针对此类义齿粘合剂的粘弹性材料建模方法,以捕捉这些变量对机械行为的影响:本研究使用稳态频率扫描试验对同类义齿粘合剂 Corega Comfort 进行了流变学分析。使用多参数线性回归分析和皮尔逊系数技术对实验得出的选定生理变量的流变存储值和损失模量值进行统计分析,以了解每个参数对义齿粘合剂松弛谱的影响。随后,将这些参数纳入基于 Prony 序列离散化和时间-温度叠加的粘弹性材料模型,并推导出损失模量的数学关系:研究结果表明,利用温度、膨胀率和 pH 值等口腔生理参数可以准确预测储存模量和损失模量值的变化,调整后的 R2 值为 0.85。多参数回归分析得出的 R2 值表明,在流变学测定的连续松弛谱中,预测变量至少可以对 85% 的损耗模量和贮存模量进行合理准确的估计,置信度为 98%。自变量的皮尔逊系数表明,温度和膨胀对损耗模量的影响较大,而 pH 值的影响较小。在统计分析的基础上,本研究进一步发展了这些数学关系:该多参数粘弹性材料模型有助于今后使用有限元法对义齿粘合剂进行详细的数值研究。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of using the hip exoskeleton assistive (HEXA) robot compared to conventional physiotherapy on clinical functional outcomes in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a pilot randomized controlled trial. 使用髋关节外骨骼辅助机器人(HEXA)与传统物理治疗相比对中风偏瘫患者临床功能疗效的影响:随机对照试验。
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00082-0
Hamed Mamipour, Seyed Ali Hoseini, Hossein Negahban, Ali Moradi, Amir Hojjati, Fariborz Rezaeitalab, Mohammadreza Torshizian, Arefeh Mehrali, Mohammad Parsa, Iman Kardan, Hamed Tabesh, Ebrahim Ghayem Hassankhani, Alireza Akbarzadeh

Trial design: This study is a pilot randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of using Hip Exoskeleton Assistive (HEXA) robot compared to conventional physiotherapy on the quality of walking, disability, and quality of life of stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Methods: In this study, 24 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (robotic physiotherapy with HEXA robot), or control group (conventional physiotherapy). In each session, both groups received 30 min of conventional physiotherapy including electrotherapy and conventional exercises, and then the intervention group did gait training for 30 min with the HEXA robot and the control group for 30 min without the HEXA robot. The treatment program was 12 sessions, 3 times a week. Before the 1st and after the 12th sessions, both groups were evaluated for walking quality, disability, and quality of life.

Results: The results showed that the main effect of time was significant (P < 0.05) in all outcomes and patients in both groups achieved significant improvement in all outcomes after the intervention. The main effect of the group was also significant in the outcomes of 6MWT (P < 0.05) and TUG (P < 0.05), and the intervention group patients experienced more distance and speed in these two tests. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUMS.FHMPM.REC.1400.079 dated 28th Jan 2022). The trial was registered with the clinical trials site of www.IRCT.ir (IRCT20210730052024N1) on January 28th 2022.

Conclusion: It seems that the HEXA robot can effectively improve walking capacity and speed.

试验设计本研究是一项试验性随机临床试验,旨在探讨使用髋关节外骨骼辅助机器人(HEXA)与传统物理治疗相比,对中风偏瘫患者行走质量、残疾和生活质量的影响:在这项研究中,24 名患者被随机分配到干预组(使用 HEXA 机器人进行物理治疗)或对照组(传统物理治疗)。在每个疗程中,两组均接受30分钟的常规物理治疗,包括电疗和常规锻炼,然后干预组使用HEXA机器人进行30分钟的步态训练,对照组不使用HEXA机器人进行30分钟的步态训练。治疗计划共 12 次,每周 3 次。在第1次治疗前和第12次治疗后,对两组患者的行走质量、残疾程度和生活质量进行评估:结果表明,时间的主效应显著(PHEXA机器人似乎能有效提高行走能力和速度。
{"title":"The effect of using the hip exoskeleton assistive (HEXA) robot compared to conventional physiotherapy on clinical functional outcomes in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a pilot randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Hamed Mamipour, Seyed Ali Hoseini, Hossein Negahban, Ali Moradi, Amir Hojjati, Fariborz Rezaeitalab, Mohammadreza Torshizian, Arefeh Mehrali, Mohammad Parsa, Iman Kardan, Hamed Tabesh, Ebrahim Ghayem Hassankhani, Alireza Akbarzadeh","doi":"10.1186/s42490-024-00082-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42490-024-00082-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Trial design: </strong>This study is a pilot randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of using Hip Exoskeleton Assistive (HEXA) robot compared to conventional physiotherapy on the quality of walking, disability, and quality of life of stroke patients with hemiplegia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 24 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (robotic physiotherapy with HEXA robot), or control group (conventional physiotherapy). In each session, both groups received 30 min of conventional physiotherapy including electrotherapy and conventional exercises, and then the intervention group did gait training for 30 min with the HEXA robot and the control group for 30 min without the HEXA robot. The treatment program was 12 sessions, 3 times a week. Before the 1st and after the 12th sessions, both groups were evaluated for walking quality, disability, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the main effect of time was significant (P < 0.05) in all outcomes and patients in both groups achieved significant improvement in all outcomes after the intervention. The main effect of the group was also significant in the outcomes of 6MWT (P < 0.05) and TUG (P < 0.05), and the intervention group patients experienced more distance and speed in these two tests. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUMS.FHMPM.REC.1400.079 dated 28th Jan 2022). The trial was registered with the clinical trials site of www.IRCT.ir (IRCT20210730052024N1) on January 28th 2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that the HEXA robot can effectively improve walking capacity and speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72425,"journal":{"name":"BMC biomedical engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11293188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Short-term epileptic seizures prediction based on cepstrum analysis and signal morphology. 基于倒频谱分析和信号形态学的癫痫短期发作预测
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00081-1
Bahar Tajadini, Saeid R Seydnejad, Soheila Rezakhani

This article aims to provide and implement a patient-specific seizure (for Intervention Time (IT) detection) prediction algorithm using non-invasive data to develop warning devices to prevent further patient injury and reduce stress. Employing algorithms with high initial data volume and computations time to increase the accuracy is an important problem in prediction issues. Consequently, reduction of calculations is met by applying only two effective EEG signal channels without manual removal of artifacts by visual inspection as the algorithm's input. Autoregression (AR) modeling and Cepstrum detect changes due to IT period. We carry out the goal of higher accuracy by increasing sensitivity to interictal epileptiform discharges or artifacts and reduce errors caused by them, taking advantage of the discrete wavelet transform and the comparison of two channels epochs by applying the median filter. Averaging and positive envelope methods are introduced to patient-specific thresholds become more differentiated as soon as possible and can be lead to sooner prediction. We examined this method on a mathematical model of adult epilepsy as well as on 10 patients with EEG data. The results of our experiments confirm that performance of the proposed approach in accuracy and average false prediction rate is superior to other algorithms. Simulation results have been shown the robustness of our proposed method to artifacts and errors, which is a step towards the development of real-time alarm devices by non-invasive techniques.

本文旨在利用无创数据提供并实施一种针对特定患者的癫痫发作(干预时间(IT)检测)预测算法,以开发预警设备,防止对患者造成进一步伤害并减轻压力。采用初始数据量大、计算时间长的算法来提高准确性是预测问题中的一个重要问题。因此,通过仅应用两个有效的脑电信号通道,而不通过目视检查手动去除伪影作为算法输入,可以减少计算量。自回归(AR)建模和倒频谱(Cepstrum)可检测 IT 期间的变化。我们通过提高对发作间期癫痫样放电或伪像的敏感性来实现更高精度的目标,并利用离散小波变换和应用中值滤波器对两个通道的历时进行比较,减少由它们引起的误差。平均法和正包络法的引入使患者特定的阈值尽快得到区分,并能更快地进行预测。我们在一个成人癫痫数学模型以及 10 名患者的脑电图数据上检验了这种方法。实验结果证实,所提出的方法在准确率和平均错误预测率方面都优于其他算法。仿真结果表明,我们提出的方法对伪影和误差具有鲁棒性,这为利用无创技术开发实时报警设备迈出了一步。
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引用次数: 0
A handheld device for intra-cavity and ex vivo fluorescence imaging of breast conserving surgery margins with 5-aminolevulinic acid. 用 5-aminolevulinic acid 对保乳手术边缘进行腔内和体外荧光成像的手持设备。
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00079-9
Christopher Gibson, Shirley C Wang, Arcturus Phoon, Nayana Thalanki Anantha, Kathryn Ottolino-Perry, Stephen Petropoulos, Zuha Qureshi, Vasanth Subramanian, Anam Shahid, Cristiana O'Brien, Steven Carcone, Suzanne Chung, Teresa Tsui, Viktor Son, Mayleen Sukhram, Fannong Meng, Susan J Done, Alexandra M Easson, Tulin Cil, Michael Reedijk, Wey L Leong, Ralph S DaCosta

Background: Visualization of cancer during breast conserving surgery (BCS) remains challenging; the BCS reoperation rate is reported to be 20-70% of patients. An urgent clinical need exists for real-time intraoperative visualization of breast carcinomas during BCS. We previously demonstrated the ability of a prototype imaging device to identify breast carcinoma in excised surgical specimens following 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) administration. However, this prototype device was not designed to image the surgical cavity for remaining carcinoma after the excised lumpectomy specimen is removed. A new handheld fluorescence (FL) imaging prototype device, designed to image both excised specimens and within the surgical cavity, was assessed in a clinical trial to evaluate its clinical utility for first-in-human, real-time intraoperative imaging during index BCS.

Results: The imaging device combines consumer-grade imaging sensory technology with miniature light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and multiband optical filtering to capture high-resolution white light (WL) and FL digital images and videos. The technology allows for visualization of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which fluoresces red when excited by violet-blue light. To date, n = 17 patients have received 20 mg kg bodyweight (BW) 5-ALA orally 2-4 h before imaging to facilitate the accumulation of PpIX within tumour cells. Tissue types were identified based on their colour appearance. Breast tumours in sectioned lumpectomies appeared red, which contrasted against the green connective tissues and orange-brown adipose tissues. In addition, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that was missed during intraoperative standard of care was identified at the surgical margin at <1 mm depth. In addition, artifacts due to the surgical drape, illumination, and blood within the surgical cavity were discovered.

Conclusions: This study has demonstrated the detection of a grossly occult positive margin intraoperatively. Artifacts from imaging within the surgical cavity have been identified, and potential mitigations have been proposed.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01837225 (Trial start date is September 2010. It was registered to ClinicalTrials.gov retrospectively on April 23, 2013, then later updated on April 9, 2020, to reflect the introduction of the new imaging device.).

背景:保乳手术(BCS)期间的癌症可视化仍然是一项挑战;据报道,BCS 患者的再手术率为 20-70%。临床上迫切需要在保乳手术中实现乳腺癌的术中实时可视化。我们曾展示过一种原型成像设备,能在服用 5-aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA)后识别切除手术标本中的乳腺癌。然而,这种原型设备的设计并不是为了在切除肿瘤标本后对手术腔内残留的癌细胞进行成像。我们在一项临床试验中评估了一种新型手持荧光(FL)成像原型设备,它既能对切除标本进行成像,也能对手术腔内进行成像:该成像设备将消费级成像传感技术与微型发光二极管(LED)和多波段光学滤波技术相结合,可捕捉高分辨率白光(WL)和 FL 数字图像和视频。该技术可实现原卟啉 IX(PpIX)的可视化,PpIX 在紫蓝光的激发下会发出红色荧光。迄今为止,已有17名患者在成像前2-4小时口服了20毫克/千克体重(BW)的5-ALA,以促进PpIX在肿瘤细胞内的积累。根据组织的颜色外观确定组织类型。肿块切片中的乳腺肿瘤呈红色,与绿色结缔组织和橙棕色脂肪组织形成鲜明对比。此外,术中标准护理中遗漏的乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)也在结论中的手术边缘被识别出来:这项研究表明,术中可检测到严重隐匿的阳性边缘。发现了手术腔内成像的伪影,并提出了可能的缓解方法:试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01837225 (试验开始日期为 2010 年 9 月。试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01837225(试验开始日期为 2010 年 9 月,于 2013 年 4 月 23 日在 ClinicalTrials.gov 进行了回顾性注册,随后于 2020 年 4 月 9 日进行了更新,以反映新成像设备的引入)。
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引用次数: 0
On the role of generative artificial intelligence in the development of brain-computer interfaces 论生成式人工智能在开发脑机接口中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00080-2
Seif Eldawlatly
Since their inception more than 50 years ago, Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have held promise to compensate for functions lost by people with disabilities through allowing direct communication between the brain and external devices. While research throughout the past decades has demonstrated the feasibility of BCI to act as a successful assistive technology, the widespread use of BCI outside the lab is still beyond reach. This can be attributed to a number of challenges that need to be addressed for BCI to be of practical use including limited data availability, limited temporal and spatial resolutions of brain signals recorded non-invasively and inter-subject variability. In addition, for a very long time, BCI development has been mainly confined to specific simple brain patterns, while developing other BCI applications relying on complex brain patterns has been proven infeasible. Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has recently emerged as an artificial intelligence domain in which trained models can be used to generate new data with properties resembling that of available data. Given the enhancements observed in other domains that possess similar challenges to BCI development, GAI has been recently employed in a multitude of BCI development applications to generate synthetic brain activity; thereby, augmenting the recorded brain activity. Here, a brief review of the recent adoption of GAI techniques to overcome the aforementioned BCI challenges is provided demonstrating the enhancements achieved using GAI techniques in augmenting limited EEG data, enhancing the spatiotemporal resolution of recorded EEG data, enhancing cross-subject performance of BCI systems and implementing end-to-end BCI applications. GAI could represent the means by which BCI would be transformed into a prevalent assistive technology, thereby improving the quality of life of people with disabilities, and helping in adopting BCI as an emerging human-computer interaction technology for general use.
脑机接口(BCI)自 50 多年前问世以来,一直有望通过实现大脑与外部设备之间的直接通信来弥补残疾人丧失的功能。尽管过去几十年的研究已经证明了 BCI 作为一种成功的辅助技术的可行性,但 BCI 在实验室外的广泛应用仍然遥不可及。这可归因于 BCI 实际应用所需的一系列挑战,包括数据可用性有限、非侵入式记录的大脑信号的时间和空间分辨率有限以及受试者之间的可变性。此外,长期以来,BCI 开发主要局限于特定的简单大脑模式,而依赖复杂大脑模式开发其他 BCI 应用已被证明是不可行的。最近,生成式人工智能(GAI)作为一个人工智能领域出现,在该领域中,经过训练的模型可用于生成与现有数据属性相似的新数据。鉴于在与生物识别(BCI)开发面临类似挑战的其他领域中观察到的增强效果,GAI 最近已被用于多种生物识别(BCI)开发应用中,以生成合成大脑活动,从而增强记录的大脑活动。本文简要回顾了最近采用 GAI 技术克服上述 BCI 挑战的情况,展示了在增强有限的脑电图数据、提高记录的脑电图数据的时空分辨率、增强 BCI 系统的跨受试者性能以及实施端到端 BCI 应用程序方面使用 GAI 技术所取得的改进。通过 GAI,BCI 可以转变为一种普遍的辅助技术,从而提高残疾人的生活质量,并有助于将 BCI 作为一种新兴的人机交互技术加以普及。
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引用次数: 0
An optimized CT-dense agent perfusion and micro-CT imaging protocol for chick embryo developmental stages 针对小鸡胚胎发育阶段的 CT 密实剂灌注和微型 CT 成像优化方案
Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00078-w
Azza Naïja, O. Mutlu, Talha Khan, Thomas Daniel Seers, Huseyin C Yalcin
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引用次数: 0
Needle artifact reduction during interventional CT procedures using a silver filter 使用银滤波器减少介入 CT 程序中的针状伪影
Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-024-00076-y
Carlos A. Reynoso-Mejia, Jonathan Troville, Martin G. Wagner, Bernice Hoppel, Fred T. Lee, Timothy P. Szczykutowicz
MAR algorithms have not been productized in interventional imaging because they are too time-consuming. Application of a beam hardening filter can mitigate metal artifacts and doesn’t increase computational burden. We evaluate the ability to reduce metal artifacts of a 0.5 mm silver (Ag) additional filter in a Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) scanner during CT-guided biopsy procedures. A biopsy needle was positioned inside the lung field of an anthropomorphic phantom (Lungman, Kyoto Kagaku, Kyoto, Japan). CT acquisitions were performed with beam energies of 100 kV, 120 kV, 135 kV, and 120 kV with the Ag filter and reconstructed using a filtered back projection algorithm. For each measurement, the CTDIvol was kept constant at 1 mGy. Quantitative profiles placed in three regions of the artifact (needle, needle tip, and trajectory artifacts) were used to obtain metrics (FWHM, FWTM, width at − 100 HU, and absolute error in HU) to evaluate the blooming artifact, artifact width, change in CT number, and artifact range. An image quality analysis was carried out through image noise measurement. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to find significant differences between the conventional CT beam energies and the Ag filtered 120 kV beam. The 120 kV-Ag is shown to have the shortest range of artifacts compared to the other beam energies. For needle tip and trajectory artifacts, a significant reduction of − 53.6% (p < 0.001) and − 48.7% (p < 0.001) in the drop of the CT number was found, respectively, in comparison with the reference beam of 120 kV as well as a significant decrease of up to − 34.7% in the artifact width (width at − 100 HU, p < 0.001). Also, a significant reduction in the blooming artifact of − 14.2% (FWHM, p < 0.001) and − 53.3% (FWTM, p < 0.001) was found in the needle artifact. No significant changes (p > 0.05) in image noise between the conventional energies and the 120 kV-Ag were found. A 0.5 mm Ag additional MDCT filter demonstrated consistent metal artifact reduction generated by the biopsy needle. This reduction may lead to a better depiction of the target and surrounding structures while maintaining image quality.
由于 MAR 算法过于耗时,因此尚未在介入成像中实现产品化。应用光束硬化滤波器可以减少金属伪影,而且不会增加计算负担。我们评估了 0.5 毫米银(Ag)附加滤波器在多载体计算机断层扫描(MDCT)扫描仪上进行 CT 引导活检过程中减少金属伪影的能力。活检针被放置在一个拟人化模型(Lungman,日本京都 Kagaku 公司)的肺野内。CT 采集在 100 kV、120 kV、135 kV 和 120 kV 的光束能量和 Ag 滤波器下进行,并使用滤波背投影算法进行重建。每次测量时,CTDIvol 都保持在 1 mGy。在伪影的三个区域(针、针尖和轨迹伪影)放置定量剖面图,以获得度量指标(FWHM、FWTM、- 100 HU 时的宽度和 HU 绝对误差),从而评估开花伪影、伪影宽度、CT 数变化和伪影范围。通过图像噪声测量进行图像质量分析。采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)检验来发现传统 CT 光束能量与经过 Ag 滤波的 120 kV 光束之间的显著差异。结果表明,与其他光束能量相比,120 kV-Ag光束的伪影范围最短。在针尖和轨迹伪影方面,传统能量与 120 kV-Ag 相比,图像噪声显著降低了 - 53.6% (p 0.05)。0.5 毫米银质附加 MDCT 过滤器显示,活检针产生的金属伪影持续减少。这种减少可能会在保持图像质量的同时更好地描述目标和周围结构。
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BMC biomedical engineering
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