Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2018.1507798
T. Orth, M. Krahl, P. Parlevliet, N. Modler
Abstract Control of material temperature distribution and governing phenomena during automated fiber placement is an important factor. Numerical modeling of the radiative heat transfer for a newly presented LED-based heating unit is developed and analyzed in theory. An optical model allows taking into account the radiative energy output of every individual LED. By adjusting the electrical input to the multiple LED arrays on the heating unit, the irradiance distribution on the substrate’s surface can be controlled. To investigate the capability to adjust the surface temperature distribution resulting from this feature, thermal models for two and three dimensions are developed and employed for the calculated irradiance distributions. The resulting temperature distributions show that temperature gradients can be avoided or created, depending on the input to the heating unit. The results from the two models are compared and a method to select an appropriate model in general is proposed.
{"title":"Optical thermal model for LED heating in thermoset-automated fiber placement","authors":"T. Orth, M. Krahl, P. Parlevliet, N. Modler","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2018.1507798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2018.1507798","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Control of material temperature distribution and governing phenomena during automated fiber placement is an important factor. Numerical modeling of the radiative heat transfer for a newly presented LED-based heating unit is developed and analyzed in theory. An optical model allows taking into account the radiative energy output of every individual LED. By adjusting the electrical input to the multiple LED arrays on the heating unit, the irradiance distribution on the substrate’s surface can be controlled. To investigate the capability to adjust the surface temperature distribution resulting from this feature, thermal models for two and three dimensions are developed and employed for the calculated irradiance distributions. The resulting temperature distributions show that temperature gradients can be avoided or created, depending on the input to the heating unit. The results from the two models are compared and a method to select an appropriate model in general is proposed.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85107304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-02DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2018.1456504
M. Longana, Hana Yu, I. Hamerton, K. Potter
Abstract To promote the usage of recycled composite material, it is of paramount importance to develop quality control and property assurance methodologies compatible with the format of reclaimed fibers. In this paper, the concept of using interlaminated hybrid specimens, whose tensile response has been tailored with the aid of the Damage mode maps, is exploited to unambiguously identify the reclaimed fibers failure strain. The interlaminated hybrid specimens are manufacturing by sandwiching a layer of aligned discontinuous reclaimed carbon fibers produced with the HiPerDiF (High Performance Discontinuous Fibre) method between continuous glass fibers. The reliability of the obtained results is compared with results obtained with single fiber tensile tests. The developed methodology is then applied to the investigation of the strength retention of carbon fibers reclaimed through a solvolysis process and to the effects of the fiber length on the HiPerDiF alignment process. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Development and application of a quality control and property assurance methodology for reclaimed carbon fibers based on the HiPerDiF (High Performance Discontinuous Fibre) method and interlaminated hybrid specimens","authors":"M. Longana, Hana Yu, I. Hamerton, K. Potter","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2018.1456504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2018.1456504","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To promote the usage of recycled composite material, it is of paramount importance to develop quality control and property assurance methodologies compatible with the format of reclaimed fibers. In this paper, the concept of using interlaminated hybrid specimens, whose tensile response has been tailored with the aid of the Damage mode maps, is exploited to unambiguously identify the reclaimed fibers failure strain. The interlaminated hybrid specimens are manufacturing by sandwiching a layer of aligned discontinuous reclaimed carbon fibers produced with the HiPerDiF (High Performance Discontinuous Fibre) method between continuous glass fibers. The reliability of the obtained results is compared with results obtained with single fiber tensile tests. The developed methodology is then applied to the investigation of the strength retention of carbon fibers reclaimed through a solvolysis process and to the effects of the fiber length on the HiPerDiF alignment process. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84101573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-08DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2018.1444535
F. Shadmehri, S. Hoa, J. Fortin-Simpson, H. Ghayoor
Abstract Composite structures used as aerosurfaces in aerodynamic applications are required to have a certain surface finish quality. In manufacturing of thermoplastic composites using automated fiber placement (AFP) for aerodynamic applications, it is not only desirable to achieve good consolidation by using AFP alone and avoiding secondary treatment in an autoclave, but also to achieve acceptable surface smoothness required for aerosurfaces. In this study, an in situ treatment called “repass” was implemented to achieve surface finish quality required for aerodynamic applications. Moreover, the effect of this in situ treatment on the quality of the thermoplastic laminates, including void content and crystallinity was investigated. Autoclave-treated samples were used as references for comparing surface quality and other quality indicators.
{"title":"Effect of in situ treatment on the quality of flat thermoplastic composite plates made by automated fiber placement (AFP)","authors":"F. Shadmehri, S. Hoa, J. Fortin-Simpson, H. Ghayoor","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2018.1444535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2018.1444535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Composite structures used as aerosurfaces in aerodynamic applications are required to have a certain surface finish quality. In manufacturing of thermoplastic composites using automated fiber placement (AFP) for aerodynamic applications, it is not only desirable to achieve good consolidation by using AFP alone and avoiding secondary treatment in an autoclave, but also to achieve acceptable surface smoothness required for aerosurfaces. In this study, an in situ treatment called “repass” was implemented to achieve surface finish quality required for aerodynamic applications. Moreover, the effect of this in situ treatment on the quality of the thermoplastic laminates, including void content and crystallinity was investigated. Autoclave-treated samples were used as references for comparing surface quality and other quality indicators.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83135026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2017.1411873
M.S. Wu, T. Centea, S. Nutt
Abstract Effective strategies for the reuse and recycling of in-process prepreg waste are needed to reduce economic and environmental costs. In this paper, we investigate the compression molding of prepreg waste converted into scrap “chips” (or strands). Material is randomly distributed within a lab-scale closed mold and cured with control of temperature and pressure. Material properties and process parameters such as chip geometry, fiber bed reinforcement, resin state, and cure cycle are varied and shown to influence porosity and thickness. These experiments clarify the phenomena governing microstructural quality and identify manufacturing pathways for high-quality parts. In addition, mechanical properties are measured for laminates with high and low defect levels. The study demonstrates the viability of prepreg reuse. Furthermore, the resulting insights provide a basis for practical science-based optimization of the reuse of production prepreg waste. The graphic abstract figure provides a general idea for (a) Prepreg chips we cut as our materials, (b) Top view of closed cavity compression molding before cure and (C) Prepreg chips sample after cure.
{"title":"Compression molding of reused in-process waste – effects of material and process factors","authors":"M.S. Wu, T. Centea, S. Nutt","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2017.1411873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2017.1411873","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Effective strategies for the reuse and recycling of in-process prepreg waste are needed to reduce economic and environmental costs. In this paper, we investigate the compression molding of prepreg waste converted into scrap “chips” (or strands). Material is randomly distributed within a lab-scale closed mold and cured with control of temperature and pressure. Material properties and process parameters such as chip geometry, fiber bed reinforcement, resin state, and cure cycle are varied and shown to influence porosity and thickness. These experiments clarify the phenomena governing microstructural quality and identify manufacturing pathways for high-quality parts. In addition, mechanical properties are measured for laminates with high and low defect levels. The study demonstrates the viability of prepreg reuse. Furthermore, the resulting insights provide a basis for practical science-based optimization of the reuse of production prepreg waste. The graphic abstract figure provides a general idea for (a) Prepreg chips we cut as our materials, (b) Top view of closed cavity compression molding before cure and (C) Prepreg chips sample after cure.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84737369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2018.1439688
E. Fauster, D. C. Berg, D. May, Yannick Blößl, R. Schledjewski
Abstract A novel approach is presented for modeling the temporally advancing fluid flow front in radial flow experiments for in-plane permeability characterization of reinforcing fabrics. The method is based on fitting an elliptic paraboloid to the flow front data collected throughout such an experiment. This “paraboloid” approach is compared to the conventional “ellipse” method and validated by means of data sets of optically tracked experiments from two different research institutions. A detailed discussion of the results reveals the benefits of the “paraboloid” method in terms of numerical efficiency as well robustness against temporal or local data variations. The “paraboloid” method is tested on temporally and spatially limited data sets from a testrig involving linear capacitive sensors. There, the method shows advantages over the conventional approach as it incorporates the entirety of available measurement data, particularly in the last stages of the experiments which are most characteristic for the material under test.
{"title":"Robust evaluation of flow front data for in-plane permeability characterization by radial flow experiments","authors":"E. Fauster, D. C. Berg, D. May, Yannick Blößl, R. Schledjewski","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2018.1439688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2018.1439688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A novel approach is presented for modeling the temporally advancing fluid flow front in radial flow experiments for in-plane permeability characterization of reinforcing fabrics. The method is based on fitting an elliptic paraboloid to the flow front data collected throughout such an experiment. This “paraboloid” approach is compared to the conventional “ellipse” method and validated by means of data sets of optically tracked experiments from two different research institutions. A detailed discussion of the results reveals the benefits of the “paraboloid” method in terms of numerical efficiency as well robustness against temporal or local data variations. The “paraboloid” method is tested on temporally and spatially limited data sets from a testrig involving linear capacitive sensors. There, the method shows advantages over the conventional approach as it incorporates the entirety of available measurement data, particularly in the last stages of the experiments which are most characteristic for the material under test.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77422207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2018.1436234
K. Resch‐Fauster, J. Džalto, Andrea Anušić, P. Mitschang
Abstract Some matrix polymers, such as polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) generate water during the processing of fiber-reinforced polymer composites which slows down the process speed and may adversely affect the overall material properties. In this paper, the effect of the water absorbance characteristics of reinforcing fibers on the process ability of PFA composites at short cycle times (industrial processing) is investigated and evaluated. Natural and synthetic fiber types which exhibit a high, medium, and low water absorbance capacity as well as different textile architectures are compared. The processing-induced composite morphology is assessed and correlated with the material’s mechanical properties. The results reveal a high potential of hydrophilic natural fibers for significantly reducing the processing time while maintaining the overall performance characteristics of PFA composites.
{"title":"Effect of the water absorptive capacity of reinforcing fibers on the process ability, morphology, and performance characteristics of composites produced from polyfurfuryl alcohol","authors":"K. Resch‐Fauster, J. Džalto, Andrea Anušić, P. Mitschang","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2018.1436234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2018.1436234","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Some matrix polymers, such as polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) generate water during the processing of fiber-reinforced polymer composites which slows down the process speed and may adversely affect the overall material properties. In this paper, the effect of the water absorbance characteristics of reinforcing fibers on the process ability of PFA composites at short cycle times (industrial processing) is investigated and evaluated. Natural and synthetic fiber types which exhibit a high, medium, and low water absorbance capacity as well as different textile architectures are compared. The processing-induced composite morphology is assessed and correlated with the material’s mechanical properties. The results reveal a high potential of hydrophilic natural fibers for significantly reducing the processing time while maintaining the overall performance characteristics of PFA composites.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86895257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2017.1389047
A. Mcmillan, N. Swindells, E. Archer, A. Mcilhagger, Anna Sung, Kelvin Leong, Rhys Jones
Abstract A review of composite product data interoperability and product life-cycle management challenges is presented, which addresses “Product Life-cycle Management”, developments in materials. The urgent need for this is illustrated by the life-cycle management issues faced in modern military aircraft, where in-service failure of composite parts is a problem, not just in terms of engineering understanding, but also in terms of the process for managing and maintaining the fleet. A demonstration of the use of ISO 10303-235 for a range of through-life composite product data is reported. The standardization of the digital representation of data can help businesses to automate data processing. With the development of new materials, the requirements for data information models for materials properties are evolving, and standardization drives transparency, improves the efficiency of data analysis, and enhances data accuracy. Current developments in Information Technology, such as big data analytics methodologies, have the potential to be highly transformative.
{"title":"A review of composite product data interoperability and product life-cycle management challenges in the composites industry","authors":"A. Mcmillan, N. Swindells, E. Archer, A. Mcilhagger, Anna Sung, Kelvin Leong, Rhys Jones","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2017.1389047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2017.1389047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A review of composite product data interoperability and product life-cycle management challenges is presented, which addresses “Product Life-cycle Management”, developments in materials. The urgent need for this is illustrated by the life-cycle management issues faced in modern military aircraft, where in-service failure of composite parts is a problem, not just in terms of engineering understanding, but also in terms of the process for managing and maintaining the fleet. A demonstration of the use of ISO 10303-235 for a range of through-life composite product data is reported. The standardization of the digital representation of data can help businesses to automate data processing. With the development of new materials, the requirements for data information models for materials properties are evolving, and standardization drives transparency, improves the efficiency of data analysis, and enhances data accuracy. Current developments in Information Technology, such as big data analytics methodologies, have the potential to be highly transformative.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82142406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-02DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2017.1389048
Christian Schillfahrt, E. Fauster, R. Schledjewski
Abstract Among the family of liquid composite molding techniques, bladder-assisted resin transfer molding (BARTM) enables efficient manufacturing of hollow composite parts based on tubular reinforcing textiles. However, resin injection under certain processing conditions can result in high filling times or improper parts and finding the optimal process parameters is often a difficult task. This paper studies the impregnation behavior of a biaxial braided fabric in pressure-driven BARTM under a wide range of injection and bladder pressures. Saturation experiments were accomplished by means of a specifically developed injection test rig comprising an under-sized elastomeric bladder and a monolithic transparent mold. The results obtained show significant influence of the relevant process parameters on local preform compaction, apparent global permeability and filling time. Based on the experiments, a universal moldability diagram was derived that enables identification of admissible and critical operating conditions in BARTM, which supports the finding of optimal part filling settings.
{"title":"Influence of process pressures on filling behavior of tubular fabrics in bladder-assisted resin transfer molding","authors":"Christian Schillfahrt, E. Fauster, R. Schledjewski","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2017.1389048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2017.1389048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Among the family of liquid composite molding techniques, bladder-assisted resin transfer molding (BARTM) enables efficient manufacturing of hollow composite parts based on tubular reinforcing textiles. However, resin injection under certain processing conditions can result in high filling times or improper parts and finding the optimal process parameters is often a difficult task. This paper studies the impregnation behavior of a biaxial braided fabric in pressure-driven BARTM under a wide range of injection and bladder pressures. Saturation experiments were accomplished by means of a specifically developed injection test rig comprising an under-sized elastomeric bladder and a monolithic transparent mold. The results obtained show significant influence of the relevant process parameters on local preform compaction, apparent global permeability and filling time. Based on the experiments, a universal moldability diagram was derived that enables identification of admissible and critical operating conditions in BARTM, which supports the finding of optimal part filling settings.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85486225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-26DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2017.1379257
J. Kratz, Y. S. Low, B. Fox
Abstract Reclaimed carbon fiber materials were studied in this paper with the aim of improving virgin fiber feedstock usage. Both processing and mechanical properties were investigated. The compaction response showed lower fiber volume fractions in reclaimed fiber materials than the virgin continuous reinforcement from which it was reclaimed. In addition, localized high-strain regions were observed during consolidation of the dry fiber and mechanical loading of cured laminates. These vulnerable failure points were mitigated by incorporating virgin continuous fiber feedstock into the laminate. A knock-down in mechanical properties was observed, however classical laminated plate theory identified a planar stiffness drop of 3.5 GPa for every 10% increase in reclaimed carbon fiber content in a continuous fiber laminate. Increased feedstock usage by combining both virgin and reclaimed carbon fibers was shown to be viable option to implement more resource efficient, but heavier, composite structures. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Resource-friendly carbon fiber composites: combining production waste with virgin feedstock","authors":"J. Kratz, Y. S. Low, B. Fox","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2017.1379257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2017.1379257","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reclaimed carbon fiber materials were studied in this paper with the aim of improving virgin fiber feedstock usage. Both processing and mechanical properties were investigated. The compaction response showed lower fiber volume fractions in reclaimed fiber materials than the virgin continuous reinforcement from which it was reclaimed. In addition, localized high-strain regions were observed during consolidation of the dry fiber and mechanical loading of cured laminates. These vulnerable failure points were mitigated by incorporating virgin continuous fiber feedstock into the laminate. A knock-down in mechanical properties was observed, however classical laminated plate theory identified a planar stiffness drop of 3.5 GPa for every 10% increase in reclaimed carbon fiber content in a continuous fiber laminate. Increased feedstock usage by combining both virgin and reclaimed carbon fibers was shown to be viable option to implement more resource efficient, but heavier, composite structures. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85063090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-03DOI: 10.1080/20550340.2017.1362508
Till Augustin, Danny Grunert, Hauke H. Langner, Vico Haverkamp, B. Fiedler
Abstract In this study, we present an online-monitoring approach using silver nanoparticle based ink on carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). After production of CFRP plates in a prepreg autoclave process and printing conductive paths on the material, we investigate the conductive paths of printed silver nanoparticle-based ink on CFRP by light microscopy. Mechanical tests with simultaneous electrical resistance measurements demonstrate the possibility to detect particular modes of failure with samples specifically designed to promote inter-fiber failures and delaminations under bending. Delaminations can be detected and localized inside the material by electrical through-thickness measurements and resistance measurements of the conductive paths allow for surface crack detection.
{"title":"Online monitoring of surface cracks and delaminations in carbon fiber/epoxy composites using silver nanoparticle based ink","authors":"Till Augustin, Danny Grunert, Hauke H. Langner, Vico Haverkamp, B. Fiedler","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2017.1362508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2017.1362508","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we present an online-monitoring approach using silver nanoparticle based ink on carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). After production of CFRP plates in a prepreg autoclave process and printing conductive paths on the material, we investigate the conductive paths of printed silver nanoparticle-based ink on CFRP by light microscopy. Mechanical tests with simultaneous electrical resistance measurements demonstrate the possibility to detect particular modes of failure with samples specifically designed to promote inter-fiber failures and delaminations under bending. Delaminations can be detected and localized inside the material by electrical through-thickness measurements and resistance measurements of the conductive paths allow for surface crack detection.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80083246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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