Advanced drug delivery reviews最新文献_第6页

20 years of Flash NanoPrecipitation – from controlled precipitation to global medicine 20年的闪蒸纳米沉淀——从可控沉淀到全球医学

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115700

Kurt D. Ristroph , Nathalie M. Pinkerton , Chester E. Markwalter , Suzanne M. D'Addio , Marian E. Gindy , Robert F. Pagels

In the twenty years since the development of Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) technology, an antisolvent precipitation technique that uses rapid turbulent mixing to drive self-assembly of polymeric or lipid nanoparticles, the platform has been used for a wide variety of drug delivery applications in research and industry – most notably as the enabling technology for the global manufacture of the Pfizer-BioNTech COMIRNATY® mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, this makes FNP the only publicly-known manufacturing technology for global commercial-scale lipid nanoparticle formulation. This situation makes the technique remarkable and noteworthy and worth discussing broadly, which this article aims to do. It also sets FNP mixing as the benchmark technology against which other LNP manufacturing processes should be compared. Here we review the principles underpinning this continuous antisolvent precipitation technique, its scalability and use with downstream unit operations, and its utility in nanomedicine research. We discuss the current intellectual property landscape surrounding FNP technology and give examples of its industrial implementation for SARS-CoV-2 and low-cost antimalarial formulations. We end with a survey on recent improvements and extensions to the platform that enable the encapsulation of new classes of molecules and greater flexibility in manufacturing as FNP moves into its third decade.

Flash nanop沉淀法（FNP）技术是一种使用快速湍流混合来驱动聚合物或脂质纳米颗粒自组装的抗溶剂沉淀技术，自开发以来的二十年中，该平台已被用于研究和工业中的各种药物输送应用-最值得注意的是作为全球生产的辉瑞- biontech COMIRNATY®mRNA脂质纳米颗粒疫苗的使能技术。重要的是，这使得FNP成为全球商业规模的脂质纳米颗粒配方中唯一公开的制造技术。这种情况使得该技术引人注目，值得广泛讨论，这也是本文所要做的。它还将FNP混合作为基准技术，与其他LNP制造工艺进行比较。本文综述了这种连续抗溶剂沉淀技术的原理、其可扩展性和在下游单元操作中的应用，以及它在纳米医学研究中的应用。我们讨论了围绕FNP技术的当前知识产权格局，并举例说明了其在SARS-CoV-2和低成本抗疟制剂中的工业实施。最后，我们对平台的最新改进和扩展进行了调查，这些改进和扩展使FNP进入第三个十年时能够封装新类别的分子，并在制造中具有更大的灵活性。

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引用次数: 0

Towards airway microbiome engineering for improving respiratory health. 改善呼吸道健康的气道微生物组工程研究。

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115662

Kelsey E Hern, Arthur Prindle

The known roles of human-associated microbes in health and disease have expanded in recent years. While the gut microbiome is the most well studied, the airway microbiome is gaining attention as an important gatekeeper of respiratory health. Compared to the gut, the airway microbiome has lower species complexity, greater niche stability, and represents an immediate point of contact with the outside world. These features make it an attractive target for improving respiratory health. As respiratory disease continues to increase among humans, it will be critical to develop novel approaches to combat new and emergent bacterial infections, viruses, and cancers for which we do not currently have treatments. This review seeks to define strategies for airway microbiome engineering-the intentional manipulation of airway associated microbes to restore species balance, enhance protective functions, or treat disease. We summarize the growing body of literature linking the airway microbiome to respiratory health and discuss both broad-spectrum and high precision technologies that hold particular promise for further development. We argue that inhaled probiotics and bacteriophage are among the most attractive technologies for clinical translation of airway microbiome engineering to improve respiratory health.

近年来，与人类有关的微生物在健康和疾病中的已知作用有所扩大。虽然肠道微生物组是研究得最充分的，但气道微生物组作为呼吸健康的重要看门人正在受到关注。与肠道相比，气道微生物群具有更低的物种复杂性，更大的生态位稳定性，并且代表了与外部世界的直接接触点。这些特点使它成为改善呼吸系统健康的一个有吸引力的目标。随着人类呼吸系统疾病的持续增加，开发新的方法来对抗新的和紧急的细菌感染、病毒和癌症将是至关重要的，我们目前还没有治疗方法。本综述旨在定义气道微生物组工程的策略-有意操纵气道相关微生物以恢复物种平衡，增强保护功能或治疗疾病。我们总结了越来越多的文献将气道微生物组与呼吸健康联系起来，并讨论了具有进一步发展前景的广谱和高精度技术。我们认为，吸入益生菌和噬菌体是气道微生物组工程临床翻译中最具吸引力的技术之一，可以改善呼吸道健康。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro models of the interplay between glioblastoma and blood–brain barrier for stratifying drug efficacy 胶质母细胞瘤和血脑屏障细胞相互作用的体外模型对药物疗效的分层

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115702

Cecília Ferreira , Bruno Sarmento , Cláudia Martins

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain cancer in adults, with a dismal prognosis and no curative therapies available. The treatment landscape remains largely stagnant, relying on tumor resection, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which are hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that limits drug blood-to-brain permeability and, consequently, therapeutic efficacy. Over 98 % of potential therapeutic candidates fail to penetrate the BBB, significantly contributing to the high recurrence rates of GBM. The urgent need for improved drug delivery strategies is compounded by the limitations of current preclinical models, which often inadequately mimic the complex BBB-GBM interaction. This review discusses recent advancements in the development of in vitro models that accurately replicate the BBB and GBM interplay, ranging from simplified two-dimensional (2D) systems to sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) constructs. Innovations such as microfluidic devices and multicellular spheroid cultures are highlighted as promising methods to enhance physiological relevance and predictive value in drug testing. By emphasizing the interplay between GBM and its microenvironment with the BBB, these models aim to accelerate the discovery and efficacy testing of novel anti-GBM agents. Ultimately, this review underscores the critical need for more representative in vitro platforms that not only reduce reliance on animal models but also adhere to the principles of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) in biomedical research, paving the way for more effective therapeutic interventions against GBM.

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人中最致命的脑癌，预后不佳，没有治愈的治疗方法。目前的治疗方案仍然停滞不前，主要依靠肿瘤切除、替莫唑胺（TMZ）化疗和放射治疗，但这些方法受到血脑屏障（BBB）的阻碍，血脑屏障限制了药物的血脑通透性，从而影响了治疗效果。超过98% %的潜在治疗候选物不能穿透血脑屏障，这是导致GBM高复发率的重要原因。由于目前临床前模型的局限性，迫切需要改进给药策略，这些模型往往不能充分模拟复杂的BBB-GBM相互作用。本文讨论了精确复制血脑屏障和GBM相互作用的体外模型的最新进展，范围从简化的二维（2D）系统到复杂的三维（3D）结构。微流体装置和多细胞球体培养等创新被强调为有希望的方法，以增强药物测试中的生理相关性和预测价值。通过强调GBM及其微环境与血脑屏障之间的相互作用，这些模型旨在加速新型抗GBM药物的发现和疗效测试。最后，这篇综述强调了对更具代表性的体外平台的迫切需要，不仅要减少对动物模型的依赖，而且要坚持生物医学研究中的3r（替代、减少、改进）原则，为更有效地治疗GBM铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Optical technologies in monitoring mobility and delivery of drugs and metabolic agents1 光学技术在监测药物和代谢剂的流动性和输送

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115699

Valery V. Tuchin , Tianhong Dai , Luís M. Oliveira

引用次数: 0

Drug delivery strategies for paediatric diffuse midline gliomas 小儿弥漫性中线胶质瘤的药物递送策略

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115695

Stefana Duca , Sara Jamshidi Parvar , Luke Kumeta , Tracey D. Bradshaw , Weng C. Chan , Felicity de Cogan , Karolina Dziemidowicz , Pavel Gershkovich , Maria Marlow , Christopher J. Morris , David Shorthouse , Andrew L. Lewis

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are a highly aggressive and inoperable type of paediatric brain tumours, with a median survival of less than one year. Therapeutic progress has been hindered by the tumour’s anatomical location, its extensive molecular heterogeneity, and the restrictive nature of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in drug delivery. This article explores the current therapeutic landscape of DMG and evaluates emerging drug delivery strategies, including oral, intravenous and intrathecal administration, convection-enhanced delivery (CED), and intranasal approaches, designed to improve drug access to the brain. Advancements in these methods, combined with targeted therapies tailored to the tumour’s unique molecular features, represent a critical pathway towards improving clinical outcomes for DMG patients.

弥漫性中线胶质瘤（dmg）是一种高度侵袭性和不可手术的儿科脑肿瘤，中位生存期不到一年。由于肿瘤的解剖位置、其广泛的分子异质性以及血脑屏障（BBB）在药物输送中的限制性，治疗进展受到阻碍。本文探讨了DMG目前的治疗前景，并评估了新兴的药物给药策略，包括口服、静脉注射和鞘内给药、对流增强给药（CED）和鼻内给药，旨在改善药物进入大脑的途径。这些方法的进步，结合针对肿瘤独特分子特征的靶向治疗，代表了改善DMG患者临床结果的关键途径。

引用次数: 0

Toward pharmaceutical selective laser sintering 3D printing - a thermal and temperature-dependent analysis perspective 面向药物选择性激光烧结3D打印-热和温度依赖分析的角度

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115698

Marta Łaszcz , Magdalena Urbanowicz , Ewelina Baran , Piotr Kulinowski

The potential advantages of pharmaceutical additive manufacturing (AM) are thoroughly described in the literature. Challenges related to pharmaceutical AM are less discussed. Selective laser sintering (SLS) is one of the AM methods possible for pharmaceutical applications. The article addresses aspects of SLS that are not typically explored in pharmaceutical studies. The literature research was conducted in parallel for both non-pharmaceutical (technical) and pharmaceutical SLS. As a result, in-depth studies on the temperature-dependent properties (rheological and optical) and thermal properties of powders for general technical printing are presented, along with the characterization of the laser sintering process. Special attention is given to the development of the “processing window” and “energy density” terms, as they continue to evolve. An application of a wide range of thermal analysis techniques is presented, including fast differential calorimetry, hot-stage microscopy, thermovision, and dielectric thermal analysis. Next, the complexity, regarding crystalline/semicrystalline/amorphous substances combination and their melt miscibility for pharmaceutical powders is marked. Pharmaceutical SLS studies are also analyzed, with emphasis on thermal aspects. Generally, pharmaceutical studies lack meaningful temperature-dependent and thermal analysis. The only significant exception is studies on drug substance amorphization during the SLS process. The main message is that pharmaceutical SLS should benefit from the methods and ideas developed for technical SLS. In particular, the research directions should include: (1) conscious powder design regarding the specificity of SLS manufacturing method, which completely different from powder compression (API - excipients matching), (2) extending the set of research methods, (3) consolidation process elucidation, (4) powder reusing or powder reusing avoiding, (5) searching for potential new carriers/excipients dedicated to pharmaceutical SLS process.

药物增材制造（AM）的潜在优势在文献中进行了彻底的描述。与制药AM相关的挑战较少被讨论。选择性激光烧结（SLS）是一种可能应用于制药领域的增材制造方法。这篇文章讨论了SLS的一些方面，这些方面在药物研究中通常没有被探讨。文献研究平行进行了非药物（技术）和药物SLS。因此，深入研究了用于一般技术印刷的粉末的温度依赖特性（流变学和光学）和热特性，以及激光烧结过程的表征。特别注意“加工窗口”和“能量密度”术语的发展，因为它们继续发展。介绍了广泛的热分析技术的应用，包括快速差热法、热级显微镜、热视觉和介电热分析。其次，标记了药物粉末中晶体/半晶体/非晶态物质组合及其熔体混相的复杂性。还分析了药物SLS研究，重点是热方面。一般来说，药物研究缺乏有意义的温度依赖性和热分析。唯一显著的例外是对SLS过程中原料药非晶化的研究。主要信息是，药物SLS应该受益于为技术SLS开发的方法和思想。特别是，研究方向应包括：(1)针对SLS制造方法的特异性进行有意识的粉末设计，这完全不同于粉末压缩（API -辅料匹配），(2)扩展研究方法集，(3)巩固工艺阐明，(4)粉末再利用或避免粉末再利用，(5)寻找用于制药SLS工艺的潜在新载体/辅料。

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引用次数: 0

Aptamers as a new frontier in targeted cancer therapy 适体是肿瘤靶向治疗的新前沿

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115692

Yingying Li , Tatiana N. Zamay , Natalia A. Luzan , Evgeny A. Pryakhin , Elena V. Styazhkina , Liubov A. Osminkina , Olga S. Kolovskaya , Maya A. Dymova , Elena V. Kuligina , Vladimir A. Richter , Alena G. Bkhattachariia , Dmitry A. Bydanov , Alexander V. Galantsev , Ivan A. Vostrov , Zhenbao Liu , Galina S. Zamay , Anna S. Kichkailo , Xue-Qiang Wang

Cancer treatment has transitioned from traditional chemotherapy to the molecular medicine era, emphasizing personalized therapy at the molecular level. Aptamers, also known as ’chemical antibodies’, play a pivotal role in advancing molecular medicine. Utilizing the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) technique, these aptamers exhibit exceptional affinity for a wide range of targets, ranging from picomolar to nanomolar levels. Their exceptional characteristics, including ease of preparation, small size, low immunogenicity, remarkable chemical stability, and convenient modification, make them highly versatile for precise cancer therapy. Notably, aptamers have been successfully combined with therapeutic agents, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and small molecule toxins for diverse research purposes. This review article will primarily focus on recent progress in aptamer-based targeted therapy for cancer, offering readers a comprehensive insight into the latest developments in aptamer-based cancer treatment.

癌症治疗已经从传统的化疗过渡到分子医学时代，强调分子水平的个性化治疗。适体，也被称为“化学抗体”，在推进分子医学方面发挥着关键作用。利用SELEX（配体的系统进化通过指数富集）技术，这些适体对广泛的靶标具有特殊的亲和力，范围从皮摩尔到纳摩尔。它们的特殊特性，包括易于制备、体积小、低免疫原性、显著的化学稳定性和方便的修饰，使它们在精确的癌症治疗中具有高度的通用性。值得注意的是，适配体已经成功地与治疗剂结合，如小干扰rna （sirna）、微rna （miRNAs）和小分子毒素，用于各种研究目的。这篇综述文章将主要关注基于适配体的癌症靶向治疗的最新进展，让读者全面了解基于适配体的癌症治疗的最新进展。

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引用次数: 0

Sonodynamic therapy: transforming sound into light for hard-to-treat tumours 声动力疗法：将声音转化为光来治疗难以治疗的肿瘤

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115696

Paul Cressey, Shazwan Bin Abd Shukor, Maya Thanou

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging therapeutic modality against hard-to-treat tumours. It involves the use of ultrasound (US) to excite sono-sensitive moieties to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce tumour cell death. SDT employs the synergetic application of enabling chemicals named sonosensitizers and low-intensity ultrasound. Compared with photodynamic therapy, SDT has the significant advantages of deeper tissue penetration, higher accuracy, and potentially fewer adverse effects if well-designed. There are multiple suggested mechanisms for activating sonosensitizers for SDT, including sonoluminescence, pyrolysis and direct mechanical activation. However, a highly reported mechanism of action and the focus for this review is sonoluminescence (SL). SL is defined as the light generated by catastrophic implosions of oscillating bubbles in a liquid under exposure to ultrasound (US). SL has been shown to interact with sensitising molecules similar to photodynamic therapy to generate ROS. This mechanism involves delocalisation of the excited electron and subsequent transfer from excited sonosensitizers to nearby oxygen molecules (H₂O and O₂) in the surrounding tissues to produce ROS such as superoxides, peroxides, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. In SDT, both SL and sonosensitizers play a role in generating enough ROS to initiate the observed anticancer effects. These effects have been investigated in in vitro, in vivo and recently applied in clinical settings. There are several questions pertaining to the efficiency and safety of SDT and sonosensitizers for anticancer treatment, especially in hard-to-treat tumours, which are discussed here. Although the application of SDT has rapidly reached the clinical phase, fundamental studies are still needed to address and understand the complex mechanisms involved in the anticancer effect of SDT.

声动力疗法（SDT）是一种针对难以治疗的肿瘤的新兴治疗方式。它涉及使用超声（US）来激发声敏感部分产生活性氧（ROS），从而诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。SDT采用名为声敏剂和低强度超声的使能化学物质的协同应用。与光动力疗法相比，SDT具有穿透组织更深、准确性更高、设计良好的潜在不良反应更少的显著优势。有多种激活SDT声敏剂的机制，包括声致发光、热解和直接机械激活。然而，一个高度报道的作用机制和本综述的重点是声致发光（SL）。SL被定义为在超声波（US）照射下液体中振荡气泡灾难性内爆所产生的光。SL已被证明与类似于光动力疗法的致敏分子相互作用以产生ROS。该机制包括激发电子的离域，随后从激发的声敏剂转移到周围组织中的附近氧分子（H2O和O2），产生ROS，如超氧化物、过氧化物、单线态氧和羟基自由基。在SDT中，SL和声敏剂都在产生足够的ROS中发挥作用，以启动观察到的抗癌作用。这些作用已经在体外和体内进行了研究，最近应用于临床。关于SDT和超声增敏剂用于抗癌治疗的有效性和安全性，特别是在难以治疗的肿瘤中，有几个问题在这里讨论。虽然SDT的应用已迅速进入临床阶段，但仍需要基础研究来解决和理解SDT抗癌作用的复杂机制

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引用次数: 0

Tumor microenvironment subtyping in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: New avenues for personalized therapeutic strategies 胰腺导管腺癌的肿瘤微环境亚型：个性化治疗策略的新途径

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115697

Dharini Srinivasan , Johann Gout , Alexander Kleger , Elodie Roger

In the past decade, single-cell-resolved approaches have uncovered the extensive heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), reshaping our understanding of this complex solid tumor. PDAC entities exhibit both intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity at the tumor and stromal levels, translating into distinct ecosystems and functions, ultimately impacting disease progression and treatment response. Increasing evidence highlights how specific genetic alterations drive unique tumor microenvironment landscapes, affecting fibroblast programming, immune cell contexture and extracellular matrix remodeling. In this review, we emphasize the importance of deciphering and stratifying heterogeneous tumor-stroma networks and provide an overview on the intricate crosstalk linking tumor identity and stromal phenotype. We further discuss the concept of multicellular subtyping and the role of spatial organization in shaping patient outcomes to refine prognostic and therapeutic stratification. Lastly, we explore existing and potential therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting both tumor-intrinsic and stromal-extrinsic vulnerabilities, offering insights into approaches that could enhance the efficacy of tailored treatment schemes. By integrating these perspectives, we aim to provide a comprehensive framework for advancing precision medicine in PDAC.

在过去的十年中，单细胞分解方法已经揭示了胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）的广泛异质性，重塑了我们对这种复杂实体肿瘤的理解。PDAC实体在肿瘤和基质水平上表现出肿瘤内和肿瘤间的异质性，转化为不同的生态系统和功能，最终影响疾病进展和治疗反应。越来越多的证据表明，特定的基因改变如何驱动独特的肿瘤微环境景观，影响成纤维细胞编程、免疫细胞环境和细胞外基质重塑。在这篇综述中，我们强调了解读和分层异质肿瘤-基质网络的重要性，并概述了连接肿瘤身份和基质表型的复杂串扰。我们进一步讨论了多细胞亚型的概念和空间组织在塑造患者结果中的作用，以完善预后和治疗分层。最后，我们探讨了现有的和潜在的治疗策略，旨在针对肿瘤内在和基质外在脆弱性，提供了可以提高量身定制的治疗方案的有效性的方法。通过整合这些观点，我们的目标是为PDAC中推进精准医学提供一个全面的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Aptamers as target-specific recognition elements in drug delivery 适配体在药物传递中的特异性识别作用

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115685

Agbor Otu Egbe Vydaline , Sergei Rozhkov , German Sosa , Prabodhika Mallikaratchy

Targeted drug delivery significantly enhances therapeutic efficacy across various diseases, particularly in cancer treatments, where conventional approaches such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often cause severe side effects. In this context, nucleic acid aptamers—short, single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides capable of binding specific targets with high affinity—have emerged as promising tools for precision drug delivery and therapy. Aptamers can be selected against whole, living cells using SELEX and chemically modified for diverse applications. Their chemical versatility and specific binding capabilities allow aptamers to be engineered into aptamer-drug conjugates, nanoparticles, DNA origami structures, and bi-/multivalent or bispecific constructs. These platforms enable selective recognition of unique molecular signatures on cells or small molecules, facilitating highly targeted drug delivery and controlled release at the disease site. Such precision reduces systemic toxicity and enhances therapeutic outcomes. Compared to antibodies, aptamers offer several advantages, including faster tissue penetration, lower immunogenicity, greater chemical stability, and improved bioavailability in vivo. This review highlights recent advances in aptamer modification strategies—both covalent and non-covalent—for conjugation with chemotherapeutic agents, gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and photosensitizers. We further assess their potential as drug delivery vehicles and therapeutic agents and discuss how these innovations are driving progress in precision medicine.

靶向药物递送显著提高了各种疾病的治疗效果，特别是在癌症治疗中，化疗和放疗等传统方法往往会造成严重的副作用。在这种情况下，核酸适体——能够以高亲和力结合特定靶标的短单链DNA或RNA寡核苷酸——已经成为精确药物输送和治疗的有希望的工具。适配体可以选择对整个，活细胞使用SELEX和化学修饰的不同应用。它们的化学通用性和特异性结合能力允许适体被设计成适体-药物偶联物、纳米颗粒、DNA折纸结构、双价/多价或双特异性结构。这些平台能够选择性地识别细胞或小分子上的独特分子特征，促进高度靶向的药物递送和在疾病部位的控制释放。这种精确性降低了全身毒性，提高了治疗效果。与抗体相比，适体具有几个优点，包括更快的组织渗透、更低的免疫原性、更大的化学稳定性和更好的体内生物利用度。本文综述了适体修饰策略的最新进展-共价和非共价-用于与化疗药物，金纳米颗粒（GNPs）和光敏剂结合。我们进一步评估了它们作为药物输送载体和治疗剂的潜力，并讨论了这些创新如何推动精准医疗的进步。

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引用次数: 0