Advanced drug delivery reviews最新文献_第7页

In vitro models of the interplay between glioblastoma and blood–brain barrier for stratifying drug efficacy 胶质母细胞瘤和血脑屏障细胞相互作用的体外模型对药物疗效的分层

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115702

Cecília Ferreira , Bruno Sarmento , Cláudia Martins

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain cancer in adults, with a dismal prognosis and no curative therapies available. The treatment landscape remains largely stagnant, relying on tumor resection, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, which are hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that limits drug blood-to-brain permeability and, consequently, therapeutic efficacy. Over 98 % of potential therapeutic candidates fail to penetrate the BBB, significantly contributing to the high recurrence rates of GBM. The urgent need for improved drug delivery strategies is compounded by the limitations of current preclinical models, which often inadequately mimic the complex BBB-GBM interaction. This review discusses recent advancements in the development of in vitro models that accurately replicate the BBB and GBM interplay, ranging from simplified two-dimensional (2D) systems to sophisticated three-dimensional (3D) constructs. Innovations such as microfluidic devices and multicellular spheroid cultures are highlighted as promising methods to enhance physiological relevance and predictive value in drug testing. By emphasizing the interplay between GBM and its microenvironment with the BBB, these models aim to accelerate the discovery and efficacy testing of novel anti-GBM agents. Ultimately, this review underscores the critical need for more representative in vitro platforms that not only reduce reliance on animal models but also adhere to the principles of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) in biomedical research, paving the way for more effective therapeutic interventions against GBM.

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人中最致命的脑癌，预后不佳，没有治愈的治疗方法。目前的治疗方案仍然停滞不前，主要依靠肿瘤切除、替莫唑胺（TMZ）化疗和放射治疗，但这些方法受到血脑屏障（BBB）的阻碍，血脑屏障限制了药物的血脑通透性，从而影响了治疗效果。超过98% %的潜在治疗候选物不能穿透血脑屏障，这是导致GBM高复发率的重要原因。由于目前临床前模型的局限性，迫切需要改进给药策略，这些模型往往不能充分模拟复杂的BBB-GBM相互作用。本文讨论了精确复制血脑屏障和GBM相互作用的体外模型的最新进展，范围从简化的二维（2D）系统到复杂的三维（3D）结构。微流体装置和多细胞球体培养等创新被强调为有希望的方法，以增强药物测试中的生理相关性和预测价值。通过强调GBM及其微环境与血脑屏障之间的相互作用，这些模型旨在加速新型抗GBM药物的发现和疗效测试。最后，这篇综述强调了对更具代表性的体外平台的迫切需要，不仅要减少对动物模型的依赖，而且要坚持生物医学研究中的3r（替代、减少、改进）原则，为更有效地治疗GBM铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Composition, stabilization and delivery of virus-based vaccines: considerations to break free of the cold chain 基于病毒的疫苗的组成、稳定和递送：打破冷链的考虑

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115715

Amaka J. Epoh , Jailen H. Doyle , Irnela Bajrovic , Maria A. Croyle

Within the last 50 years, the emergence and re-emergence of widespread severe viral infections have caused some of the deadliest global pandemics. Thus, development of novel technologies that effectively stabilize and deliver virus-based vaccines are of high priority to public health. This review serves as a primer for those interested in developing and testing novel formulations and methods for administration of vaccines against viral infection. It starts with a brief history of immunization practices and the role they played in the evolution of vaccines available today. A brief section summarizing virus infection and immunology is provided to assist in design of studies for in vivo testing of novel vaccines. Physical properties of viruses are summarized with known physico-chemical mechanisms of virus degradation outlined. General formulation strategies to prevent degradation are discussed. Traditional and novel dosage forms for vaccine and immunization methods and up and coming technologies are also described.

在过去的50 年里，广泛的严重病毒感染的出现和重新出现造成了一些最致命的全球流行病。因此，开发能够有效稳定和提供基于病毒的疫苗的新技术是公共卫生的高度优先事项。这篇综述是为那些有兴趣开发和测试新的配方和方法的管理疫苗，以防止病毒感染的入门。首先简要介绍免疫实践的历史以及它们在当今可用疫苗的演变中所起的作用。简要概述了病毒感染和免疫学，以协助设计新的疫苗体内试验的研究。概述了病毒的物理特性，概述了病毒降解的已知物理化学机制。讨论了防止降解的一般配方策略。还介绍了疫苗和免疫方法的传统剂型和新型剂型以及未来的技术。

引用次数: 0

Cold atmospheric plasma for gas therapy and gas-activated drug delivery 用于气体治疗和气体活化药物输送的冷大气等离子体

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115719

Qiaoyun Li , Jaehyun Choi , Namjo Shin , Dongun Jin , Enzhen Xu , Byeongjin Ahn , Boyoung Lee , Jaiwoo Lee , Yu-Kyoung Oh

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising tool for in situ gas delivery due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which play a crucial role in oxidative stress-mediated therapeutic effects. As the fourth state of matter, CAP is characterized by unique physicochemical properties and distinct generation mechanisms, which are discussed in terms of its fundamental principles and production techniques. This review covers current CAP delivery methods, highlighting their critical role in biomedical applications. The diverse therapeutic potential of CAP is explored, including its immunomodulatory effects in cancer therapy and its antimicrobial properties in wound healing through generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. CAP also demonstrates efficacy in oral, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, and neurological conditions by eliminating biofilms, promoting tissue regeneration, and modulating immune and intracellular redox signaling pathways. Additionally, special emphasis is placed on the synergistic integration of CAP with advanced drug delivery systems to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Current challenges, potential limitations, and future directions for CAP-based biomedical applications are addressed. Despite its significant potential, challenges such as precise dose control, biological safety, and clinical translation remain unresolved. Future research should focus on optimizing CAP-based therapies, developing targeted delivery strategies, and conducting comprehensive clinical studies to facilitate its integration into mainstream medical practice.

冷大气等离子体（CAP）由于其产生活性氧和活性氮的能力而成为原位气体输送的一种有前途的工具，这在氧化应激介导的治疗效果中起着至关重要的作用。CAP作为物质的第四种状态，具有独特的物理化学性质和不同的生成机制，本文就其基本原理和生产工艺进行了探讨。这篇综述涵盖了目前的CAP递送方法，强调了它们在生物医学应用中的关键作用。探讨了CAP的多种治疗潜力，包括其在癌症治疗中的免疫调节作用以及通过产生活性氧和活性氮在伤口愈合中的抗菌特性。CAP通过消除生物膜、促进组织再生、调节免疫和细胞内氧化还原信号通路，在口腔、炎症、胃肠道和神经系统疾病中也显示出疗效。此外，特别强调了CAP与先进药物输送系统的协同整合，以提高治疗效果。讨论了基于cap的生物医学应用的当前挑战、潜在限制和未来方向。尽管其潜力巨大，但诸如精确剂量控制、生物安全性和临床转化等挑战仍未解决。未来的研究应侧重于优化基于cap的治疗方法，制定有针对性的给药策略，并进行全面的临床研究，以促进其融入主流医疗实践。

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引用次数: 0

Sonodynamic therapy: transforming sound into light for hard-to-treat tumours 声动力疗法：将声音转化为光来治疗难以治疗的肿瘤

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115696

Paul Cressey, Shazwan Bin Abd Shukor, Maya Thanou

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging therapeutic modality against hard-to-treat tumours. It involves the use of ultrasound (US) to excite sono-sensitive moieties to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce tumour cell death. SDT employs the synergetic application of enabling chemicals named sonosensitizers and low-intensity ultrasound. Compared with photodynamic therapy, SDT has the significant advantages of deeper tissue penetration, higher accuracy, and potentially fewer adverse effects if well-designed. There are multiple suggested mechanisms for activating sonosensitizers for SDT, including sonoluminescence, pyrolysis and direct mechanical activation. However, a highly reported mechanism of action and the focus for this review is sonoluminescence (SL). SL is defined as the light generated by catastrophic implosions of oscillating bubbles in a liquid under exposure to ultrasound (US). SL has been shown to interact with sensitising molecules similar to photodynamic therapy to generate ROS. This mechanism involves delocalisation of the excited electron and subsequent transfer from excited sonosensitizers to nearby oxygen molecules (H₂O and O₂) in the surrounding tissues to produce ROS such as superoxides, peroxides, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. In SDT, both SL and sonosensitizers play a role in generating enough ROS to initiate the observed anticancer effects. These effects have been investigated in in vitro, in vivo and recently applied in clinical settings. There are several questions pertaining to the efficiency and safety of SDT and sonosensitizers for anticancer treatment, especially in hard-to-treat tumours, which are discussed here. Although the application of SDT has rapidly reached the clinical phase, fundamental studies are still needed to address and understand the complex mechanisms involved in the anticancer effect of SDT.

声动力疗法（SDT）是一种针对难以治疗的肿瘤的新兴治疗方式。它涉及使用超声（US）来激发声敏感部分产生活性氧（ROS），从而诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。SDT采用名为声敏剂和低强度超声的使能化学物质的协同应用。与光动力疗法相比，SDT具有穿透组织更深、准确性更高、设计良好的潜在不良反应更少的显著优势。有多种激活SDT声敏剂的机制，包括声致发光、热解和直接机械激活。然而，一个高度报道的作用机制和本综述的重点是声致发光（SL）。SL被定义为在超声波（US）照射下液体中振荡气泡灾难性内爆所产生的光。SL已被证明与类似于光动力疗法的致敏分子相互作用以产生ROS。该机制包括激发电子的离域，随后从激发的声敏剂转移到周围组织中的附近氧分子（H2O和O2），产生ROS，如超氧化物、过氧化物、单线态氧和羟基自由基。在SDT中，SL和声敏剂都在产生足够的ROS中发挥作用，以启动观察到的抗癌作用。这些作用已经在体外和体内进行了研究，最近应用于临床。关于SDT和超声增敏剂用于抗癌治疗的有效性和安全性，特别是在难以治疗的肿瘤中，有几个问题在这里讨论。虽然SDT的应用已迅速进入临床阶段，但仍需要基础研究来解决和理解SDT抗癌作用的复杂机制

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引用次数: 0

Drug delivery strategies for paediatric diffuse midline gliomas 小儿弥漫性中线胶质瘤的药物递送策略

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115695

Stefana Duca , Sara Jamshidi Parvar , Luke Kumeta , Tracey D. Bradshaw , Weng C. Chan , Felicity de Cogan , Karolina Dziemidowicz , Pavel Gershkovich , Maria Marlow , Christopher J. Morris , David Shorthouse , Andrew L. Lewis

Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are a highly aggressive and inoperable type of paediatric brain tumours, with a median survival of less than one year. Therapeutic progress has been hindered by the tumour’s anatomical location, its extensive molecular heterogeneity, and the restrictive nature of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in drug delivery. This article explores the current therapeutic landscape of DMG and evaluates emerging drug delivery strategies, including oral, intravenous and intrathecal administration, convection-enhanced delivery (CED), and intranasal approaches, designed to improve drug access to the brain. Advancements in these methods, combined with targeted therapies tailored to the tumour’s unique molecular features, represent a critical pathway towards improving clinical outcomes for DMG patients.

弥漫性中线胶质瘤（dmg）是一种高度侵袭性和不可手术的儿科脑肿瘤，中位生存期不到一年。由于肿瘤的解剖位置、其广泛的分子异质性以及血脑屏障（BBB）在药物输送中的限制性，治疗进展受到阻碍。本文探讨了DMG目前的治疗前景，并评估了新兴的药物给药策略，包括口服、静脉注射和鞘内给药、对流增强给药（CED）和鼻内给药，旨在改善药物进入大脑的途径。这些方法的进步，结合针对肿瘤独特分子特征的靶向治疗，代表了改善DMG患者临床结果的关键途径。

引用次数: 0

Innovative engineering approaches to model host-microbiome interactions in vitro 体外模拟宿主-微生物相互作用的创新工程方法

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115677

Karen M. Mancera Azamar , Samanvitha Deepthi Sudi , Zahra Mohammadalizadeh , Carleigh Coffin , Ivana K. Parker , Ana Maria Porras

The human microbiome plays a critical role in health and disease. Disruptions in microbiota composition or function have been implicated not only as markers but also as drivers of diverse pathologies, creating opportunities for targeted microbiome interventions. Advancing these therapies requires experimental models that can unravel the complex, bidirectional interactions between human tissue and microbial communities. This scoping review examines emerging engineering approaches to design in vitro platforms that successfully integrate host and microbial components to model these interactions. Compared to traditional in vitro and in vivo approaches, these advanced microphysiological systems offer greater experimental control, human-specific biology, and reduced cost and ethical concerns. Here, we identify key challenges in the creation of these in vitro models and innovative solutions to address them by leveraging microfluidics, biomaterials, and organoid technologies, among others. These strategies have enabled the development of co-culture systems that replicate critical features of host-microbiome interfaces, including mucosal barriers, oxygen and pH gradients, mechanical stimuli, and host cell diversity. We also describe how these physiologically relevant models are uncovering new insights into epithelial-microbiota crosstalk, immune modulation by commensal microbes, and systemic effects of microbiota and their metabolites across multiple body sites. We conclude by discussing opportunities to expand these systems in scale, complexity, and clinical relevance. As these models continue to evolve, they hold the potential to transform our ability to mechanistically probe microbiome interactions, personalize therapeutic strategies, and accelerate the translation of microbiome science into clinical practice.

人体微生物组在健康和疾病中起着至关重要的作用。微生物群组成或功能的破坏不仅是标志物，也是多种病理的驱动因素，为靶向微生物组干预创造了机会。推进这些疗法需要实验模型来解开人体组织和微生物群落之间复杂的双向相互作用。这篇综述研究了新兴的工程方法来设计成功整合宿主和微生物成分来模拟这些相互作用的体外平台。与传统的体外和体内方法相比，这些先进的微生理系统提供了更好的实验控制，人类特异性生物学，降低了成本和伦理问题。在这里，我们确定了创建这些体外模型的关键挑战，并通过利用微流体、生物材料和类器官技术等创新解决方案来解决这些问题。这些策略使得共培养系统的发展能够复制宿主-微生物组界面的关键特征，包括粘膜屏障、氧和pH梯度、机械刺激和宿主细胞多样性。我们还描述了这些生理学相关模型如何揭示上皮-微生物群串扰、共生微生物的免疫调节以及微生物群及其代谢物在多个身体部位的全身作用的新见解。最后，我们讨论了在规模、复杂性和临床相关性方面扩大这些系统的机会。随着这些模型的不断发展，它们有可能改变我们机械地探测微生物组相互作用的能力，个性化治疗策略，并加速微生物组科学向临床实践的转化。

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引用次数: 0

Nitric oxide releasing graphene for next-generation therapeutics 一氧化氮释放石墨烯用于下一代治疗

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115676

Tanveer A. Tabish , Craig A. Lygate

Nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful signalling molecule and plays a central role in numerous physiological processes, most notably, in the cardiovascular, immune and central nervous systems. While organic nitrates, exemplified by nitroglycerin, have been used for over a century to deliver therapeutic NO, the search for novel drugs capable of selectively increasing NO bioavailability has continued unabated. Delivery of NO is hindered by its gaseous nature, extreme reactivity, short half-life and potential for systemic toxicity. To address these challenges, controlled NO delivery systems are highly desirable, offering precise release at the site of action over defined periods. Recent advances have focused on nanoparticles for injectable or implantable use, enabling sustained, targeted NO release while degrading safely. Among these, graphene nanostructures have emerged as efficient NO carriers, since they can be specifically designed to deliver NO gas or donor compounds due to their tunable surface chemistry, easy chemical modification and good biocompatibility. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in NO-releasing graphene formulations, alongside key applications in cardiovascular diseases, antimicrobial therapy and cancer treatment.

一氧化氮（NO）是一种强大的信号分子，在许多生理过程中起着核心作用，尤其是在心血管、免疫和中枢神经系统中。一个多世纪以来，以硝酸甘油为代表的有机硝酸盐一直被用于提供治疗性一氧化氮，但对能够选择性提高一氧化氮生物利用度的新药的研究仍在继续。一氧化氮的气体性质、极端的反应性、短半衰期和潜在的全身毒性阻碍了其给药。为了应对这些挑战，可控NO输送系统是非常可取的，可以在规定的时间内在作用部位精确释放。最近的进展集中在可注射或植入的纳米颗粒上，能够在安全降解的同时持续靶向释放NO。其中，石墨烯纳米结构已成为高效的NO载体，由于其表面化学可调，易于化学修饰和良好的生物相容性，可以专门设计用于输送NO气体或供体化合物。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了一氧化氮释放石墨烯配方的最新进展，以及在心血管疾病、抗菌治疗和癌症治疗中的关键应用。

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引用次数: 0

Aptamers as a new frontier in targeted cancer therapy 适体是肿瘤靶向治疗的新前沿

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115692

Yingying Li , Tatiana N. Zamay , Natalia A. Luzan , Evgeny A. Pryakhin , Elena V. Styazhkina , Liubov A. Osminkina , Olga S. Kolovskaya , Maya A. Dymova , Elena V. Kuligina , Vladimir A. Richter , Alena G. Bkhattachariia , Dmitry A. Bydanov , Alexander V. Galantsev , Ivan A. Vostrov , Zhenbao Liu , Galina S. Zamay , Anna S. Kichkailo , Xue-Qiang Wang

Cancer treatment has transitioned from traditional chemotherapy to the molecular medicine era, emphasizing personalized therapy at the molecular level. Aptamers, also known as ’chemical antibodies’, play a pivotal role in advancing molecular medicine. Utilizing the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) technique, these aptamers exhibit exceptional affinity for a wide range of targets, ranging from picomolar to nanomolar levels. Their exceptional characteristics, including ease of preparation, small size, low immunogenicity, remarkable chemical stability, and convenient modification, make them highly versatile for precise cancer therapy. Notably, aptamers have been successfully combined with therapeutic agents, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and small molecule toxins for diverse research purposes. This review article will primarily focus on recent progress in aptamer-based targeted therapy for cancer, offering readers a comprehensive insight into the latest developments in aptamer-based cancer treatment.

癌症治疗已经从传统的化疗过渡到分子医学时代，强调分子水平的个性化治疗。适体，也被称为“化学抗体”，在推进分子医学方面发挥着关键作用。利用SELEX（配体的系统进化通过指数富集）技术，这些适体对广泛的靶标具有特殊的亲和力，范围从皮摩尔到纳摩尔。它们的特殊特性，包括易于制备、体积小、低免疫原性、显著的化学稳定性和方便的修饰，使它们在精确的癌症治疗中具有高度的通用性。值得注意的是，适配体已经成功地与治疗剂结合，如小干扰rna （sirna）、微rna （miRNAs）和小分子毒素，用于各种研究目的。这篇综述文章将主要关注基于适配体的癌症靶向治疗的最新进展，让读者全面了解基于适配体的癌症治疗的最新进展。

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引用次数: 0

Drug delivery, development, and technological aspects for peripheral drug eluting stents 外周药物洗脱支架的药物输送、开发和技术方面

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115678

Sarika A. Jadhav , Ankur J. Raval , Vandana B. Patravale

Drug-eluting stents are the standard therapy for arterial occlusions, particularly in peripheral arterial disease, owing to their efficacy in mitigating in-stent restenosis, maintaining favorable biocompatibility, and improving patient compliance. Their performance can be enhanced through the integration of particulate systems, cytostatic agents, and biodegradable polymers. The complexities associated with chronic disease progression, recurrent in-stent restenosis, the impracticality of long-term animal studies, and the absence of United States Food and Drug Administration-endorsed in vitro drug release protocols for peripheral drug-eluting stents underscore the need for modified strategies and accelerated in vitro release testing as a quality control strategy. In addition to in vitro drug release, other critical evaluation parameters for coated stents include coating uniformity, thickness, drug content, biodegradability, particulate matter, and sterility testing. Ethylene oxide is the most widely used method for the sterilization of drug-eluting stents. Despite their clinical significance, standardized regulatory guidelines and a unified scientific framework for stability testing remain limited. This review provides a comprehensive overview of drug delivery strategies for peripheral drug-eluting stents, coating methodologies, evaluation criteria, in vitro drug release and permeation studies, preclinical animal models, drug release correlations, and stability considerations, along with perspectives on future advancements and opportunities in this field.

药物洗脱支架是动脉闭塞的标准治疗方法，特别是外周动脉疾病，因为它们在减轻支架内再狭窄、保持良好的生物相容性和提高患者依从性方面的疗效。它们的性能可以通过颗粒系统、细胞抑制剂和可生物降解聚合物的整合来增强。慢性疾病进展、复发性支架内再狭窄、长期动物研究的不可行性以及缺乏美国食品和药物管理局批准的外周药物洗脱支架体外药物释放方案的复杂性，强调了将改进策略和加速体外药物释放测试作为质量控制策略的必要性。除了体外药物释放外，涂层支架的其他关键评价参数包括涂层均匀性、厚度、药物含量、生物降解性、颗粒物和无菌性测试。环氧乙烷是目前应用最广泛的药物洗脱支架灭菌方法。尽管具有临床意义，但标准化的监管指南和统一的稳定性测试科学框架仍然有限。本文综述了外周药物洗脱支架的药物递送策略、涂层方法、评估标准、体外药物释放和渗透研究、临床前动物模型、药物释放相关性和稳定性考虑，以及对该领域未来进展和机遇的展望。

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引用次数: 0

Aptamer-based targeted drug delivery and disease therapy in preclinical and clinical applications 基于适体体的靶向药物传递和疾病治疗在临床前和临床应用

IF 17.6 1区医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Advanced drug delivery reviews

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2025.115680

Weihong Yang , Chunyan Ran , Xinran Lian , Zehua Wang , Zhen Du , Tao Bing , Yu Zhang , Weihong Tan

The advent of precision medicine has created an urgent need for advanced drug-targeting strategies and refined drug delivery systems. Aptamers, characterized by their exceptional affinity and specificity, low molecular weight, negligible immunogenicity, remarkable stability, cost-effectiveness, and structural versatility, are emerging as promising candidates in targeted therapeutics, both in preclinical research and clinical applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in aptamer-based therapeutic strategies, encompassing three key application domains: direct therapeutic agents, targeted ligand engineering, and controlled drug release. We will summarize the preclinical applications of aptamers for various disease therapies, including eye disorders, cancers, coagulation, and inflammation. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging clinical-stage aptamer therapeutics undergoing rigorous evaluation for these diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential challenges and unlimited opportunities for the clinical transformation and commercialization of aptamers.

精准医学的出现迫切需要先进的药物靶向策略和精细的药物输送系统。适配体具有特殊的亲和力和特异性、低分子量、可忽略的免疫原性、显著的稳定性、成本效益和结构通用性等特点，在临床前研究和临床应用中都是靶向治疗的有希望的候选者。本文综述了基于适配体的治疗策略的最新进展，包括三个关键应用领域：直接治疗剂、靶向配体工程和药物控制释放。我们将总结适配体在各种疾病治疗中的临床前应用，包括眼病、癌症、凝血和炎症。特别强调的是新兴的临床阶段适体疗法正在对这些疾病进行严格的评估。此外，我们将讨论适体临床转化和商业化的潜在挑战和无限机遇。

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引用次数: 0