Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1134/s0965544124030149
A. N. Mikhailova, G. P. Kayukova
Abstract
The effect of hydrothermal treatment of high-carbon low-permeability Domanik rock on the efficiency of recovering hydrocarbons from this rock by prolonged four-step extraction for 20, 68, 116, and 220 h with a mixture of organic solvents (chloroform, toluene, and isopropyl alcohol) was studied. As compared to the extraction from the untreated rock, the hydrothermal treatment at 300°С in a СО2 medium allows recovery of a 6 times larger amount of the extract in the first step (in 20 h). In the second extraction step (68 h), the extract yield decreases by a factor of 8, but the relative content of saturated hydrocarbons in the extract increases by a factor of more than 3 compared to the first step, whereas the relative content of asphaltenes, resins, and aromatic compounds decreases. In the third extraction step (116 h), the extract yield is as low as 0.16%, the content of resins in it drastically decreases, whereas the content of asphaltenes increases to 52%. The extract of the fourth step (220 h) consists to 80.77% of asphaltenes. From the initial rock, the maximal yield of the extract enriched in saturated hydrocarbons with the minimal content of asphaltenes was observed after the second extraction step. In the course of prolonged extraction, the yield of petroleum fractions from the initial rock increases by a factor of almost 4, and in combination with the preliminary hydrothermal treatment, by a factor of 7. This fact demonstrates the possibility of generating an additional amount of hydrocarbons. Changes were revealed in the structural-group, hydrocarbon, elemental, and microelemental composition of petroleum fractions recovered from the low-permeability Domanik rock, depending on the extraction time and transformations of the organic matter of this rock in the course of hydrothermal treatment.
{"title":"Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment and Prolonged Extraction on the Generation of Hydrocarbons from High-Carbon Low-Permeability Rocks from Domanik Deposits","authors":"A. N. Mikhailova, G. P. Kayukova","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124030149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124030149","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of hydrothermal treatment of high-carbon low-permeability Domanik rock on the efficiency of recovering hydrocarbons from this rock by prolonged four-step extraction for 20, 68, 116, and 220 h with a mixture of organic solvents (chloroform, toluene, and isopropyl alcohol) was studied. As compared to the extraction from the untreated rock, the hydrothermal treatment at 300°С in a СО<sub>2</sub> medium allows recovery of a 6 times larger amount of the extract in the first step (in 20 h). In the second extraction step (68 h), the extract yield decreases by a factor of 8, but the relative content of saturated hydrocarbons in the extract increases by a factor of more than 3 compared to the first step, whereas the relative content of asphaltenes, resins, and aromatic compounds decreases. In the third extraction step (116 h), the extract yield is as low as 0.16%, the content of resins in it drastically decreases, whereas the content of asphaltenes increases to 52%. The extract of the fourth step (220 h) consists to 80.77% of asphaltenes. From the initial rock, the maximal yield of the extract enriched in saturated hydrocarbons with the minimal content of asphaltenes was observed after the second extraction step. In the course of prolonged extraction, the yield of petroleum fractions from the initial rock increases by a factor of almost 4, and in combination with the preliminary hydrothermal treatment, by a factor of 7. This fact demonstrates the possibility of generating an additional amount of hydrocarbons. Changes were revealed in the structural-group, hydrocarbon, elemental, and microelemental composition of petroleum fractions recovered from the low-permeability Domanik rock, depending on the extraction time and transformations of the organic matter of this rock in the course of hydrothermal treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141884498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1134/s0965544124030150
Aysar T. Jarullah, Ban A. Al-Tabbakh, Helal A.A Saleem, Shymaa A. Hameed, Jasim I. Humadi, Iqbal M. Mujtaba
Abstract
Clean fuel production with strict limit on toxic contaminants is one of the most important aims for petroleum refinery industry regarding the improvement of environmental conditions. In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process has been used to achieve such goal. For this purpose, a new and efficient synthetic composite mesoporous nano-catalyst has been designed by enhancing morphological and mechanical properties of gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) on a carbon nano fiber (CNF) as multiple supports. Four different catalysts based on different amount of CNF have been designed. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), crash strength test, thermal gravimetric examination (TGA), and surface area (BET) have been used to characterize the catalysts. The catalyst with 10% loading of CNF (CAT-3) has been found to increase the tensile strength by more than 200% compared to the CNF-free sample (CAT-4). Then, a series of experiments has been conducted in a batch ODS reactor with air as an oxidant and light gas oil (LGO) as a real feedstock to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed catalysts and the performance of the reactor. The new catalyst has been clearly shown to be a significant factor in sulfur removal resulting in a clean fuel.
{"title":"New Composite Mesoporous Nano-Catalysts for Clean Fuel Produced by the Oxidative Desulfurization Process","authors":"Aysar T. Jarullah, Ban A. Al-Tabbakh, Helal A.A Saleem, Shymaa A. Hameed, Jasim I. Humadi, Iqbal M. Mujtaba","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124030150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124030150","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Clean fuel production with strict limit on toxic contaminants is one of the most important aims for petroleum refinery industry regarding the improvement of environmental conditions. In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process has been used to achieve such goal. For this purpose, a new and efficient synthetic composite mesoporous nano-catalyst has been designed by enhancing morphological and mechanical properties of gamma alumina (γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) on a carbon nano fiber (CNF) as multiple supports. Four different catalysts based on different amount of CNF have been designed. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), crash strength test, thermal gravimetric examination (TGA), and surface area (BET) have been used to characterize the catalysts. The catalyst with 10% loading of CNF (CAT-3) has been found to increase the tensile strength by more than 200% compared to the CNF-free sample (CAT-4). Then, a series of experiments has been conducted in a batch ODS reactor with air as an oxidant and light gas oil (LGO) as a real feedstock to evaluate the effectiveness of the designed catalysts and the performance of the reactor. The new catalyst has been clearly shown to be a significant factor in sulfur removal resulting in a clean fuel.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141884499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1134/s0965544124030137
N. V. Yudina, Yu. V. Loskutova
Abstract
The effects of temperature gradient on the formation, composition, and strength of oil deposits were investigated. As the crude oil temperature and the wall surface temperature were lowered, the concentrations of the oil fraction and low-molecular-weight paraffins in the deposits increased; simultaneously, the amounts of resins and asphaltenes declined. In the asphalt–resin–paraffin deposits formed in an asphaltene-free oil sample, cooling led to a rise in the content of resins and a decline in the content of the oil fraction. Model experiments demonstrated that the highest inhibitory capacity with respect to paraffin wax deposition was achieved in the case of 0.5–1.0 wt % asphaltenes being added. This can be attributed to the steric effect of aromatic rings manifested in their ability to disrupt the nucleation of paraffin networks. Therefore, the model wax deposits formed after adding asphaltenes exhibited a lower strength than the samples obtained with the addition of benzene resins and alcohol–benzene resins.
{"title":"Oil Deposits in Highly Paraffinic Crude Oils and in Model System","authors":"N. V. Yudina, Yu. V. Loskutova","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124030137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124030137","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effects of temperature gradient on the formation, composition, and strength of oil deposits were investigated. As the crude oil temperature and the wall surface temperature were lowered, the concentrations of the oil fraction and low-molecular-weight paraffins in the deposits increased; simultaneously, the amounts of resins and asphaltenes declined. In the asphalt–resin–paraffin deposits formed in an asphaltene-free oil sample, cooling led to a rise in the content of resins and a decline in the content of the oil fraction. Model experiments demonstrated that the highest inhibitory capacity with respect to paraffin wax deposition was achieved in the case of 0.5–1.0 wt % asphaltenes being added. This can be attributed to the steric effect of aromatic rings manifested in their ability to disrupt the nucleation of paraffin networks. Therefore, the model wax deposits formed after adding asphaltenes exhibited a lower strength than the samples obtained with the addition of benzene resins and alcohol–benzene resins.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1134/s0965544124020026
G. I. Volkova, D. A. Zubarev, P. B. Kadychagov
Abstract
High-wax crude oil was treated with ultrasound (sample weight 50 g, frequency 22 kHz, field intensity 8 W/cm2) for 10 min. The ultrasonic treatment led to an increase in the crude oil viscosity, viscous flow activation energy, specific energy of the break of the disperse system, congealing point, pour point, and precipitate amount and to changes in the precipitate structure. The oil fraction of the crude oil, precipitates, and raffinates was analyzed by IR spectroscopy and chromatography–mass spectrometry. The content of high-molecular-mass n-alkanes in oils from the precipitate of the ultrasonically treated crude oil considerably decreases.
{"title":"Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Properties and Composition of High-Wax Crude Oil and Its Precipitates","authors":"G. I. Volkova, D. A. Zubarev, P. B. Kadychagov","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124020026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124020026","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>High-wax crude oil was treated with ultrasound (sample weight 50 g, frequency 22 kHz, field intensity 8 W/cm<sup>2</sup>) for 10 min. The ultrasonic treatment led to an increase in the crude oil viscosity, viscous flow activation energy, specific energy of the break of the disperse system, congealing point, pour point, and precipitate amount and to changes in the precipitate structure. The oil fraction of the crude oil, precipitates, and raffinates was analyzed by IR spectroscopy and chromatography–mass spectrometry. The content of high-molecular-mass <i>n</i>-alkanes in oils from the precipitate of the ultrasonically treated crude oil considerably decreases.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s0965544124030010
E. S. Okhotnikova, Yu. M. Ganeeva, E. E. Barskaya, G. R. Fazylzyanova, T. N. Yusupova, V. I. Morozov, D. S. Ivanov
Abstract
The instability of asphaltenes in crude oils, manifested in their precipitation, is a major production issue that may arise both during the recovery and processing of petroleum feedstocks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular structure of asphaltenes in order to shed light on the causes of their precipitation. To this end, the molecular structures of stable (remaining in the solution) and unstable (precipitated) asphaltenes were characterized by EPR, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Using crude oil asphaltenes and air-blown asphalt as objects for the study, only weak increasing and decreasing trends were observed in the content of aromatics and oxygenates, respectively, in the unstable asphaltene fraction. The stable and unstable asphaltenes were found to differ in adsorption capacity. It was shown that the species adsorbed on asphaltenes are rich in moieties of aromatic acid esters, and that removing these species further eliminates the structural-group composition differences between stable and unstable asphaltenes. The study findings suggest that the stability of asphaltenes in crude oils can be controlled by introducing synthetic aromatic acid esters structurally similar to natural surfactants.
摘要 原油中沥青质的不稳定性（表现为沉淀）是在石油原料的回收和加工过程中可能出现的一个主要生产问题。本研究的目的是调查沥青质的分子结构，以揭示其沉淀的原因。为此，我们利用 EPR、NMR 和 IR 光谱对稳定（残留在溶液中）和不稳定（析出）沥青质的分子结构进行了表征。以原油沥青烯和气吹沥青为研究对象，只观察到不稳定沥青烯部分的芳烃和含氧化合物含量分别有微弱的增加和减少趋势。研究发现，稳定沥青质和不稳定沥青质的吸附能力不同。研究表明，沥青质上吸附的物种富含芳香族酸酯，去除这些物种可进一步消除稳定和不稳定沥青质之间的结构组成差异。研究结果表明，可以通过引入结构类似于天然表面活性剂的合成芳香酸酯来控制原油中沥青质的稳定性。
{"title":"Molecular Basis of Asphaltene Stability","authors":"E. S. Okhotnikova, Yu. M. Ganeeva, E. E. Barskaya, G. R. Fazylzyanova, T. N. Yusupova, V. I. Morozov, D. S. Ivanov","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124030010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124030010","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The instability of asphaltenes in crude oils, manifested in their precipitation, is a major production issue that may arise both during the recovery and processing of petroleum feedstocks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular structure of asphaltenes in order to shed light on the causes of their precipitation. To this end, the molecular structures of stable (remaining in the solution) and unstable (precipitated) asphaltenes were characterized by EPR, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Using crude oil asphaltenes and air-blown asphalt as objects for the study, only weak increasing and decreasing trends were observed in the content of aromatics and oxygenates, respectively, in the unstable asphaltene fraction. The stable and unstable asphaltenes were found to differ in adsorption capacity. It was shown that the species adsorbed on asphaltenes are rich in moieties of aromatic acid esters, and that removing these species further eliminates the structural-group composition differences between stable and unstable asphaltenes. The study findings suggest that the stability of asphaltenes in crude oils can be controlled by introducing synthetic aromatic acid esters structurally similar to natural surfactants.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s0965544124030071
N. A. Vinogradov, V. I. Elizarova, A. V. Vutolkina, A. A. Pimerzin, A. P. Glotov
Abstract
–CoMo sulfide catalysts supported on aluminosilicate halloysite nanotubes (CoMoS/HNT) and on dealuminated halloysite nanotubes (CoMoS/HNT(deAl)) were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation using pseudoboehmite as a binder. Both the supports and related catalysts were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen, FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst samples were further tested in hydrotreating of diesel feedstocks. Dealumination of halloysite was found to increase the area of Si-enriched surface segments, thus weakening interaction between the sulfide phase and the support and, hence, increasing the content of highly active sulfide particles. In the case of a mixed feedstock, CoMoS/HNT(deAl) + Al2O3 achieved a reaction rate constant of 0.605 ppm S–0.4/g(L–0.4 h) compared to 0.429 ppm S–0.4/g(L–0.4 h) for an alumina-supported sample.
摘要-以假波长莫来石为粘合剂，通过初湿浸渍法合成了硅酸铝埃洛石纳米管（CoMoS/HNT）和脱铝埃洛石纳米管（CoMoS/HNT(deAl)）支撑的硫化钴催化剂。通过低温氮吸附、能量色散 X 射线荧光分析、氢气的温度编程还原、吸附吡啶的傅立叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱对支撑物和相关催化剂进行了表征。催化剂样品在柴油原料的加氢处理中进行了进一步测试。研究发现，埃洛石的脱焙烧增加了富含硫的表面片段的面积，从而削弱了硫化物相与支撑物之间的相互作用，因此增加了高活性硫化物颗粒的含量。在混合原料的情况下，CoMoS/HNT(deAl) + Al2O3 的反应速率常数为 0.605 ppm S-0.4/g(L-0.4 h)，而氧化铝支撑样品的反应速率常数为 0.429 ppm S-0.4/g(L-0.4 h)。
{"title":"CoMo Sulfide Catalysts Supported on Natural Halloysite Nanotubes: Dealumination as an Effective Approach to Improve Catalytic Performance","authors":"N. A. Vinogradov, V. I. Elizarova, A. V. Vutolkina, A. A. Pimerzin, A. P. Glotov","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124030071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124030071","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>–CoMo sulfide catalysts supported on aluminosilicate halloysite nanotubes (CoMoS/HNT) and on dealuminated halloysite nanotubes (CoMoS/HNT(deAl)) were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation using pseudoboehmite as a binder. Both the supports and related catalysts were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen, FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst samples were further tested in hydrotreating of diesel feedstocks. Dealumination of halloysite was found to increase the area of Si-enriched surface segments, thus weakening interaction between the sulfide phase and the support and, hence, increasing the content of highly active sulfide particles. In the case of a mixed feedstock, CoMoS/HNT(deAl) + Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> achieved a reaction rate constant of 0.605 ppm S<sup>–0.4</sup>/g(L<sup>–0.4</sup> h) compared to 0.429 ppm S<sup>–0.4</sup>/g(L<sup>–0.4</sup> h) for an alumina-supported sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s0965544124030095
Z. R. Nasyrova, G. P. Kayukova, E. I. Shmeleva, G. G. Islamova, A. N. Mikhailova, A. V. Vakhin
Abstract
Comparative studies on transformation of the organic matter (OM) of high-carbon carbonate–siliceous–clay rock with Соrg 7.07% and low-carbon carbonate rock with Соrg 0.33% from Domanik deposits in Tatarstan in sub- (SBW) and supercritical (SCW) water were performed. The potential of the carbonate rock is utilized virtually completely in SBW at 320°С. From the high-carbon Domanik rock, SBW allows only more complete extraction of free hydrocarbons, asphaltene compounds, and solid n-alkanes without significantly altering the kerogen structures. The kerogen degradation occurs most intensely in SCW and is accompanied by a decrease in the generation potential and by an increase productive capacity of the rock. In the oil extracted from the high-carbon rock with SCW at 374°С, the content of saturated and aromatic fractions increases by a factor of more than 2, the content of asphaltenes and resins decreases, and carbenes/carboids are formed. At 420°С, the oil yield and the content of carbenes/carboids decrease. In the extraction from the carbonate rock, on the contrary, at 374°С the content of light oil fractions decreases, and the fraction of resins increases by a factor of more than 1.5; at 420°С, the content of asphaltenes increases by a factor of more than 2. Irrespective of the lithological composition of the rocks, with an increase in the SCW temperature, the yield of the gas phase and the content of alkanes, phenanthrenes, and dibenzothiophenes in the oil fractions increase, whereas the content of alkyltrimethylbenzenes, naphthalenes, and dibenzothiophenes decreases. The extent of utilizing the generation potential of OM of Domanik rocks depends on the content and composition of kerogen and high-molecular mass components and on their thermal stability in sub- and supercritical water.
{"title":"Specific Features of Realizing the Generation Potential of Carbonate and Carbonate–Siliceous Domanik Rocks by Treatment with Sub- and Supercritical Water","authors":"Z. R. Nasyrova, G. P. Kayukova, E. I. Shmeleva, G. G. Islamova, A. N. Mikhailova, A. V. Vakhin","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124030095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124030095","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Comparative studies on transformation of the organic matter (OM) of high-carbon carbonate–siliceous–clay rock with С<sub>оrg</sub> 7.07% and low-carbon carbonate rock with С<sub>оrg</sub> 0.33% from Domanik deposits in Tatarstan in sub- (SBW) and supercritical (SCW) water were performed. The potential of the carbonate rock is utilized virtually completely in SBW at 320°С. From the high-carbon Domanik rock, SBW allows only more complete extraction of free hydrocarbons, asphaltene compounds, and solid <i>n</i>-alkanes without significantly altering the kerogen structures. The kerogen degradation occurs most intensely in SCW and is accompanied by a decrease in the generation potential and by an increase productive capacity of the rock. In the oil extracted from the high-carbon rock with SCW at 374°С, the content of saturated and aromatic fractions increases by a factor of more than 2, the content of asphaltenes and resins decreases, and carbenes/carboids are formed. At 420°С, the oil yield and the content of carbenes/carboids decrease. In the extraction from the carbonate rock, on the contrary, at 374°С the content of light oil fractions decreases, and the fraction of resins increases by a factor of more than 1.5; at 420°С, the content of asphaltenes increases by a factor of more than 2. Irrespective of the lithological composition of the rocks, with an increase in the SCW temperature, the yield of the gas phase and the content of alkanes, phenanthrenes, and dibenzothiophenes in the oil fractions increase, whereas the content of alkyltrimethylbenzenes, naphthalenes, and dibenzothiophenes decreases. The extent of utilizing the generation potential of OM of Domanik rocks depends on the content and composition of kerogen and high-molecular mass components and on their thermal stability in sub- and supercritical water.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1134/s096554412403006x
A. E. Kuz’min, O. S. Dementeva, M. V. Kulikova, Ya. V. Morozova, S. A. Svidersky, A. L. Maximov
Abstract
The catalytic performance of iron-based nanodispersions in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in two different slurry reactor types, specifically a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and a slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR), was comparatively investigated. It was found that, at equal process temperatures, the CO conversion in the SBCR using a gas disperser with four equally spaced 1-mm holes was lower than that in the CSTR. However, this observation is inconsistent with other reports in the literature. Replacing this disperser with a plate with a single centered 2-mm hole enhanced the CO conversion up to values close to those obtained in the CSTR. The reaction rate constants were calculated for the different reactor types.
{"title":"Behavior of Nanocatalysts in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis in Various Types of Three-Phase Slurry Reactors","authors":"A. E. Kuz’min, O. S. Dementeva, M. V. Kulikova, Ya. V. Morozova, S. A. Svidersky, A. L. Maximov","doi":"10.1134/s096554412403006x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s096554412403006x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The catalytic performance of iron-based nanodispersions in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in two different slurry reactor types, specifically a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and a slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR), was comparatively investigated. It was found that, at equal process temperatures, the CO conversion in the SBCR using a gas disperser with four equally spaced 1-mm holes was lower than that in the CSTR. However, this observation is inconsistent with other reports in the literature. Replacing this disperser with a plate with a single centered 2-mm hole enhanced the CO conversion up to values close to those obtained in the CSTR. The reaction rate constants were calculated for the different reactor types.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Supported gold catalyst was prepared by reduction of HAuCl4 with the Cacumen Platycladi extract. This catalyst was then used for oxidation of 2-phenylethyl alcohol in a model reaction. Our study evaluated the effect of various preparation conditions, including the Au loading ratio and calcination temperature. Additionally, we explored the influence of the reaction temperature and reaction time on the catalytic performance of a Au/TiO2 catalyst. Our experimental findings revealed notable results for the Au/TiO2 catalyst characterized by the Au loading of 1.3 wt % and calcinated at 400°C. Under specific reaction conditions (0.3 g catalyst, 220°C, 3.0 MPa, 2.5 h), the conversion of 2-phenylethyl alcohol reached 45.3 and a 59.6% selectivity and a 27.0% yield of the target product (phenylacetaldehyde). In addition, catalytic performance remained stable after 8 repeated uses.
{"title":"Preparation of the Au/TiO2 Catalyst for the Oxidation of 2-Phenylethyl Alcohol using a Cacumen Platycladi Extract as a Reducing Agent","authors":"Jiali Xiao, Longsheng Zhou, Dangqin Jin, Hui Zhou, Dongfan Liu, Bingyun Zheng","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124030125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124030125","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A Supported gold catalyst was prepared by reduction of HAuCl<sub>4</sub> with the Cacumen Platycladi extract. This catalyst was then used for oxidation of 2-phenylethyl alcohol in a model reaction. Our study evaluated the effect of various preparation conditions, including the Au loading ratio and calcination temperature. Additionally, we explored the influence of the reaction temperature and reaction time on the catalytic performance of a Au/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst. Our experimental findings revealed notable results for the Au/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst characterized by the Au loading of 1.3 wt % and calcinated at 400°C. Under specific reaction conditions (0.3 g catalyst, 220°C, 3.0 MPa, 2.5 h), the conversion of 2-phenylethyl alcohol reached 45.3 and a 59.6% selectivity and a 27.0% yield of the target product (phenylacetaldehyde). In addition, catalytic performance remained stable after 8 repeated uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1134/s0965544124030083
A. V. Kurochkin, K. A. Seromlyanova, M. M. Selivanova, D. N. Malyshev, A. D. Tereshkina, N. N. Lobanov, E. B. Markova, A. G. Cherednichenko
Abstract
The study investigates propane conversion in the presence of rare-earth metal zirconates Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln = La, Gd, and Lu) prepared by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis at 500, 1000, and 1500°C. In the La2Zr2O7 → Gd2Zr2O7 → Lu2Zr2O7 series, the phase transitions were found to follow the pyrochlore → defective fluorite → δ-phase route. This changed the parameters of the crystalline and local structures and, in particular, led to the appearance of oxygen vacancies in pyrochlore-based compounds. As a result of the structural changes, propane dehydrogenation prevailed over propane degradation. Therefore, the Lu2Zr2O7 catalyst exhibited a higher propylene selectivity (up to 65%) than La2Zr2O7, with 100% propane conversion being achieved.
{"title":"Complex-Oxide Catalysts in Cracking of Propane","authors":"A. V. Kurochkin, K. A. Seromlyanova, M. M. Selivanova, D. N. Malyshev, A. D. Tereshkina, N. N. Lobanov, E. B. Markova, A. G. Cherednichenko","doi":"10.1134/s0965544124030083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0965544124030083","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The study investigates propane conversion in the presence of rare-earth metal zirconates Ln<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (Ln = La, Gd, and Lu) prepared by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis at 500, 1000, and 1500°C. In the La<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> → Gd<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> → Lu<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> series, the phase transitions were found to follow the pyrochlore → defective fluorite → δ-phase route. This changed the parameters of the crystalline and local structures and, in particular, led to the appearance of oxygen vacancies in pyrochlore-based compounds. As a result of the structural changes, propane dehydrogenation prevailed over propane degradation. Therefore, the Lu<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> catalyst exhibited a higher propylene selectivity (up to 65%) than La<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, with 100% propane conversion being achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":725,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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