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One-Step Synthesis of Liquid Hydrocarbons from CO2 Using Hybrid Intergrowth Structure Zeolites 利用混合互生结构沸石一步合成二氧化碳液态烃
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123080091

Abstract

One-step CO2 conversion to liquid hydrocarbons (Emission-to-Liquid) was carried out at 340°C and 10.0 MPa in the presence of tandem catalyst. This catalyst consisted of two components loaded in a layered manner: a copper–zinc oxide component responsible for the synthesis of methanol from CO2, and a zeolite component responsible for the conversion of methanol to liquid hydrocarbons. The structural effects of the zeolite component (Hybrid Intergrowth Structure Zeolites) on the yield and hydrocarbon composition of the liquid product were investigated. The textural properties of the zeolite component were found to be critical to the hydrocarbon composition of the liquid product. Hybrid co-crystalline structures, namely MFI–MEL and MFI–MCM-41, with their large volume of mesopores, significantly enhanced the content of aromatics in the liquid hydrocarbon product. This was achieved not only due to the reduced diffusion limitations for product removal from the zeolite pores but also due to the activation of secondary aromatization reactions in the catalyst mesopores.

摘要 在 340°C 和 10.0 MPa 的条件下,在串联催化剂的作用下进行了一步式二氧化碳转化为液态碳氢化合物(排放转化为液体)的研究。这种催化剂由以分层方式装填的两种组分组成:一种是负责从二氧化碳合成甲醇的铜锌氧化物组分,另一种是负责将甲醇转化为液态烃的沸石组分。研究了沸石成分(混合互生结构沸石)的结构对液体产品的产量和碳氢化合物成分的影响。研究发现,沸石成分的质地特性对液体产品的碳氢化合物成分至关重要。混合共晶结构(即 MFI-MEL 和 MFI-MCM-41)具有大量中孔,可显著提高液态烃产品中的芳烃含量。这不仅是因为从沸石孔中去除产品的扩散限制减少了,还因为催化剂介孔中的二次芳香化反应被激活了。
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引用次数: 0
Methane Pyrolysis in Molten Media for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Current Advances 甲烷在熔融介质中热解制氢:当前进展综述
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123080078
I. V. Kudinov, Yu. V. Velikanova, M. V. Nenashev, T. F. Amirov, A. A. Pimenov

Abstract

This review provides an analysis of prior research on liquid-media methane pyrolysis for hydrogen production. It discusses the experimental studies and reported data on methane pyrolysis in molten metals, molten binary alloys, molten salts, and molten metal–salt media. The experimental data suggest that binary metal alloys are superior to pure metals in terms of catalytic performance. A comparative assessment of catalytic activity showed that the highest performance (methane conversion above 95% at temperatures below 1200°C) has been achieved by molten Ni–Bi and Cu–Bi alloys. Besides the thermobaric conditions and characteristics of the bubbling systems, the media’s reactivity plays a key role in pyrolysis efficiency. The combined use of molten metals and salts as a reaction medium noticeably enhances the methane conversion (due to the catalytic activity of molten metals) and appreciably reduces the content of metal impurities in the carbon product.

摘要 本综述分析了之前关于液态介质甲烷热解制氢的研究。它讨论了有关甲烷在熔融金属、熔融二元合金、熔盐和熔融金属盐介质中热解的实验研究和报告数据。实验数据表明,二元金属合金的催化性能优于纯金属。对催化活性的比较评估表明,熔融镍铋合金和铜铋合金的性能最高(温度低于 1200°C 时甲烷转化率超过 95%)。除了气泡系统的热压条件和特性外,介质的反应性对热解效率也起着关键作用。结合使用熔融金属和盐类作为反应介质,可明显提高甲烷转化率(由于熔融金属的催化活性),并显著降低碳产品中的金属杂质含量。
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引用次数: 0
Double Metal Cyanide (DMC) Catalysts: Synthesis, Structure, and Action Mechanism (A Review) 双金属氰化物 (DMC) 催化剂:合成、结构和作用机理(综述)
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123090074
D. A. Pyatakov, I. E. Nifant’ev

Abstract

Double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts have no alternatives for use in the industrial process of propylene oxide (PO) polymerization to obtain polypropylene oxide (PPO) with the properties required for specialty applications: low degree of unsaturation, high molecular mass, and high hydroxyl value. The modern commercial samples show high performance and allow the process to be performed with extremely low catalyst amounts (down to 25 ppm). Such amounts do not require the catalyst regeneration and to not impair the polymer properties. The main drawbacks of these materials are relatively complex synthesis and moisture sensitivity. Despite the fact that DMC catalysts are known since the 1960s, their hybrid character and variable composition still complicate their study and elucidation of the relationship between the preparation procedure, composition, and properties of these materials. This review is aimed at systematizing and analyzing the information on the synthesis, structure, and action mechanism of DMC catalysts. Both traditional synthesis and nontraditional methods for preparing DMC catalysts are described in detail. Much attention is paid to the catalytic site structure, polymerization mechanism, and physicochemical properties of these materials as heterogeneous catalysts.

摘要双氰化金属(DMC)催化剂在环氧丙烷(PO)聚合的工业过程中没有替代品,无法获得特种应用所需的聚环氧丙烷(PPO):低不饱和度、高分子量和高羟值。现代商用样品显示出很高的性能,可以用极低的催化剂用量(低至 25 ppm)进行工艺处理。这样的用量不需要催化剂再生,也不会损害聚合物的特性。这些材料的主要缺点是合成相对复杂和对湿气敏感。尽管 DMC 催化剂早在 20 世纪 60 年代就已为人所知,但其混合特性和多变的组成仍然使研究和阐明这些材料的制备过程、组成和性能之间的关系变得复杂。本综述旨在系统整理和分析有关 DMC 催化剂的合成、结构和作用机理的信息。文中详细介绍了制备 DMC 催化剂的传统合成方法和非传统方法。对这些材料作为异相催化剂的催化位点结构、聚合机理和理化性质给予了很大关注。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Silicon Sorption on the NiMo/Al2O3 Guard Bed Catalyst During Hydrotreating of Diesel 柴油加氢处理过程中 NiMo/Al2O3 吸附床催化剂上硅吸附的动态变化
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123090037
I. S. Golubev, P. P. Dik, R. V. Petrov, I. A. Mik, N. V. Bessonova, S. I. Reshetnikov, A. S. Noskov

Abstract

The dynamics of the silicon sorption on the NiMo/Al2O3 guard-bed catalyst containing ~2.0 wt % Ni and ~6.0 wt % Mo during hydrotreating of diesel was studied. The catalyst bed was divided into five equal sections separated by perforated metal partitions permeable to the feed. Four series of experiments were performed; their time was varied in the range 48–200 h, and the temperature was 340°C. A diesel fraction containing ~1.0 wt % sulfur, 130 ppm nitrogen, and 200 ppm silicon introduced in the form of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane was used as the feed. The specific surface area of all the spent samples was 170–190 m2/g, the pore volume was 0.35– 0.43 cm3/g, and the average pore diameter was 8–9 nm. The sorption on a catalyst grain 2.5 mm in diameter is diffusion-controlled. The effective mass transfer coefficient and the catalyst capacity under the experimental conditions (5 wt %) were estimated using the equation describing the sorption process.

摘要 研究了在柴油加氢处理过程中,含 ~2.0 wt % Ni 和 ~6.0 wt % Mo 的 NiMo/Al2O3 保护床催化剂上硅吸附的动态。催化剂床层被分成五个相等的部分,并由可渗透进料的穿孔金属隔板隔开。共进行了四个系列的实验;实验时间在 48 至 200 小时之间变化,实验温度为 340°C。进料采用了含硫约 1.0 wt %、氮 130 ppm 和硅 200 ppm 的柴油馏分,其形式为十甲基环五硅氧烷。所有废样品的比表面积为 170-190 m2/g,孔体积为 0.35- 0.43 cm3/g,平均孔直径为 8-9 nm。直径为 2.5 毫米的催化剂颗粒上的吸附是扩散控制的。利用描述吸附过程的方程估算了实验条件(5 wt %)下的有效传质系数和催化剂容量。
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引用次数: 0
Quantification of C10–C14 Adamantanes in High-Viscosity Naphthenic Oils 高粘度环烷油中 C10-C14 金刚烷的定量分析
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123080042
M. G. Kulkov, G. T. Salakhidinova, E. A. Vtorushina, R. I. Butyrin, A. E. Aliev

Abstract

The paraffin–naphthenic fractions (with boiling points below 310°C) prepared from three high-viscosity naphthenic crude oils, classified as types B1 and B2 (according to Petrov’s classification), were subjected to thiocarbamide complexation. The molecular composition of polycyclic hydrocarbon biomarkers and C11–C13 adamantanes in the oil samples suggested a predominantly marine genotype of the precursor organic matter (OM). The molecular composition also suggested source rocks of a clayey type. Nonetheless, the biomarkers detected in one sample indicated some contribution of terrigenous components to the precursor OM. All the oils were generated under the conditions of the main oil generation zone and, presumably, underwent microbial transformations in the deposits. The compositions of C10–C14 adamantanes in the initial paraffin–naphthenic fraction, in the thiocarbamide adduct, and in the filtrate that remained after the adduction were comparatively characterized for each oil sample. The test conditions allowed us to have adamantane more than 100-fold concentrated (in the adduct), to quantify it in the oils, and to evaluate the concentrations of C11–C14 alkyladamantanes in the oils using adamantane as an internal standard. C10–C14 adamantanes exhibited selective adduction ability, with the extraction ratios of individual components being different. Taking into account these extraction ratios, the component concentrations were evaluated on crude oil basis: 2.7 to 7.6×10–3 wt % for adamantane and 87 to 267×10–3 wt % for total C10–C14 adamantanes. The identification of adamantanes in the initial paraffin–naphthenic fractions, adducts, and filtrates revealed the presence of some other tricyclanes (probable precursors of alkyladamantanes) as well as decaline homologues. Like adamantanes, these compounds exhibited selective ability to complex with thiocarbamide.

摘要 对从三种高粘度环烷原油中制备的石蜡-环烷馏分(沸点低于 310°C)进行了硫代甲酰胺络合,这些原油被划分为 B1 和 B2 类型(根据 Petrov 的分类)。油样中多环烃类生物标记物和 C11-C13 金刚烷的分子组成表明,前体有机物 (OM) 主要是海洋基因型。分子组成也表明源岩属于粘土类型。不过,在一个样本中检测到的生物标记表明,前体有机物中含有一些陆生成分。所有油类都是在主要石油生成区的条件下产生的,可能在沉积物中经历了微生物转化。我们对每个油样的初始石蜡-环烷馏分、硫代甲酰胺加成物和加成后残留滤液中的 C10-C14 金刚烷组成进行了比较分析。测试条件允许我们将金刚烷的浓度(在加合物中)提高 100 倍以上,对油品中的金刚烷进行定量,并使用金刚烷作为内标来评估油品中 C11-C14 烷基金刚烷的浓度。C10-C14 金刚烷具有选择性吸附能力,各组分的萃取比各不相同。考虑到这些萃取率,以原油为基础对各组分的浓度进行了评估:金刚烷的浓度为 2.7 至 7.6×10-3 wt %,C10-C14 金刚烷总量的浓度为 87 至 267×10-3 wt %。通过对最初石蜡-环烷馏分、加成物和滤液中金刚烷的鉴定,发现了一些其他三环类化合物(可能是烷基金刚烷的前体)和癸碱同系物。与金刚烷类化合物一样,这些化合物也表现出与硫代甲酰胺络合的选择性能力。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon Dioxide Utilization Using Plasma Reactor Packed with Magnesia-Ceria Catalysts with Various Morphology 使用装有不同形态镁铈催化剂的等离子反应器利用二氧化碳
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123080066
O. V. Golubev, P. S. Il’chuk, A. A. Sadovnikov, A. L. Maximov

Abstract

A series of CeO2–MgO catalysts with different molar ratio was prepared for the plasma-activated CO2 decomposition to CO and O2. The catalysts were synthesized by the sol-gel method and characterized by physicochemical methods (XRD, SEM, XPS, low-temperature N2 adsorption, CO2-TPD). The highest CO2 conversion (31%) was achieved in the presence of the catalyst with the highest CeO2 content. The addition of H2 into a CO2 decomposition system was also studied. No CO2 methanation occurred in the presence of synthesized catalysts, though an increase in the CO2-to-CO conversion was observed due to an increase of a discharge power in the presence of molecular hydrogen.

摘要 制备了一系列不同摩尔比的 CeO2-MgO 催化剂,用于等离子体活化 CO2 分解为 CO 和 O2。催化剂采用溶胶-凝胶法合成,并通过物理化学方法(XRD、SEM、XPS、低温 N2 吸附、CO2-TPD)进行表征。在 CeO2 含量最高的催化剂存在下,二氧化碳转化率最高(31%)。还研究了在二氧化碳分解体系中加入 H2 的情况。在合成催化剂存在的情况下,没有发生 CO2 甲烷化,但由于分子氢存在时放电功率增加,观察到 CO2 到 CO 的转化率增加。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrodecyclization of Naphthenes over Iridium-Containing Zeolite Catalysts 含铱沸石催化剂上的环烷烃加氢脱环反应
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123080054
L. G. Mamian, A. A. Sadovnikov, O. V. Arapova, A. L. Maximov, E. R. Naranov

Abstract

The study investigates the hydrodecyclization of decalin over zeolite catalysts. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using a combination of physicochemical methods, such as TEM, SEM, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and XPS. The zeolite structure was found to have a major effect on the hydrodecyclization process. This process involves the isomerization of one ring followed by the opening of that ring. Incorporating iridium into the catalysts promoted the production of branched hydrocarbons. When testing the process in the temperature range of 300–400°C and at an initial hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, the Ir/BEA catalyst exhibited the highest activity: at 350°C the decyclization of decalin exceeded 50%.

摘要 本研究探讨了癸醛在沸石催化剂上的加氢脱环反应。研究综合使用了 TEM、SEM、低温氮吸附/解吸和 XPS 等物理化学方法对合成的催化剂进行了表征。研究发现,沸石结构对加氢脱环过程有重大影响。这一过程包括一个环的异构化,然后打开该环。在催化剂中加入铱可促进支链碳氢化合物的生产。在 300-400°C 的温度范围和 50 atm 的初始氢压下测试该过程时,Ir/BEA 催化剂表现出最高的活性:在 350°C 时,癸醛的脱环率超过 50%。
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引用次数: 0
Рt/SAPO-11 Catalytic Systems Differing in Acidity and Secondary Pore Structure in n-Hexadecane Hydroisomerization 正十六烷加氢异构化过程中不同酸度和二级孔结构的 Рt/SAPO-11 催化体系
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1134/s096554412308008x
M. Agliullin, D. V. Serebrennikov, A. Khazipova, A. I. Malunov, K. I. Dement’ev, B. Kutepov
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of High-Viscosity Oils from the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Naftalan Oil Field to Assess Their Balneological Potential 对汉特-曼西自治区和纳夫塔兰油田的高粘度油进行比较分析,以评估其浴场潜力
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123060282
E. Vtorushina, M. G. Kulkov, G. Salakhidinova, R. I. Butyrin, A. E. Aliev, I. R. Nigametzyanov, M. Vtorushin, M. Yakovlev, A. G. Kopytov
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引用次数: 0
Dehydrogenation of Cumene to α-Methylstyrene over Tungsten-Containing Porous Ceramic Converters 在含钨多孔陶瓷转换器上将茚脱氢为 α-甲基苯乙烯
IF 1.4 4区 工程技术 Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1134/s0965544123060294
A. Fedotov, D. Grachev, R. Kapustin, M. I. Alymov, M. Tsodikov
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Petroleum Chemistry
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