Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71247
K. Zinser
Various approaches to user modeling are presented and the possibility for verification is assessed. In a larger context, this leads to the issue of evaluating and validating combined human-machine systems in the presence of model-based and expert-system-based operator support. With such support, detailed measures and analyses of the overall system performance become more important. An example of a project that deals with a multi-expert-system supported graphical dialogue environment (GRADIENT) illustrates some of the aspects of designing experiments and other suitable approaches for assessing the system's impact on the human operator's behavior and performance. The general guideline is to plan evaluation bottom up, combining many specific or restricted aspects in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the overall systems. It is suggested that, even with full use of existing methodologies, the evaluation of complex operator support systems may fail, and, therefore, directions for research are proposed that appear promising.<>
{"title":"User modeling and knowledge-based support: on the evaluation of improved system design","authors":"K. Zinser","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71247","url":null,"abstract":"Various approaches to user modeling are presented and the possibility for verification is assessed. In a larger context, this leads to the issue of evaluating and validating combined human-machine systems in the presence of model-based and expert-system-based operator support. With such support, detailed measures and analyses of the overall system performance become more important. An example of a project that deals with a multi-expert-system supported graphical dialogue environment (GRADIENT) illustrates some of the aspects of designing experiments and other suitable approaches for assessing the system's impact on the human operator's behavior and performance. The general guideline is to plan evaluation bottom up, combining many specific or restricted aspects in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the overall systems. It is suggested that, even with full use of existing methodologies, the evaluation of complex operator support systems may fail, and, therefore, directions for research are proposed that appear promising.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"30 1","pages":"24-28 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72861083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71364
H. Fujii, T. Inui
An experimental system was developed to examine the characteristics of spatial recognition. From several experiments, a mathematical model of estimated direction was produced. An algorithm based on the concept of population coding in the nervous system is being explored to construct a brain-style model of perceptual direction.<>
{"title":"Modelling the spatial recognition process in a computer-generated 3-D world","authors":"H. Fujii, T. Inui","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71364","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental system was developed to examine the characteristics of spatial recognition. From several experiments, a mathematical model of estimated direction was produced. An algorithm based on the concept of population coding in the nervous system is being explored to construct a brain-style model of perceptual direction.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"48 1","pages":"584-585 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72867700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71240
Joseph E. Krebs, L. Platzman, C. Mitchell
A description is given of the interaction of a human operator and an automated transportation system within a cell of an FMS. The interaction of a human operator with operations-research-based scheduling algorithms is the research focus. The human role in management of the cell transportation system consists of monitoring the status of parts requiring transportation and, when necessary, interacting with the automated scheduling system to affect the produced schedules in such a way that compensation is made for late parts. Specific operator interaction methods are proposed. Experiments to test the detailed supervisory control philosophy are then discussed.<>
{"title":"A real-time AGV-scheduling system that combines human decision-making with integer-programming algorithms","authors":"Joseph E. Krebs, L. Platzman, C. Mitchell","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71240","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the interaction of a human operator and an automated transportation system within a cell of an FMS. The interaction of a human operator with operations-research-based scheduling algorithms is the research focus. The human role in management of the cell transportation system consists of monitoring the status of parts requiring transportation and, when necessary, interacting with the automated scheduling system to affect the produced schedules in such a way that compensation is made for late parts. Specific operator interaction methods are proposed. Experiments to test the detailed supervisory control philosophy are then discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"956-970 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73234311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71422
A. F. Norcio
A conceptual research framework is presented for studying and designing adaptive human-computer interfaces that modify themselves dynamically with respect to the current user and the current context. This framework is based on the software engineering principle for constructing an abstract specification that incorporates all the necessary information about the entity. The goal of this approach is to implement an abstract interface that is composed of an abstract user, an abstract system, and an abstract application. The paper concerns the design of the abstract user. The abstract user is seen as an interaction between a static production model of the goals necessary to accomplish a specific task and a dynamic production model of a user's goal hierarchy for accomplishing that task. This framework suggests that the task model necessarily follows from the specifics of the task domain. Further, the user's goal model must be constructed by monitoring the user's actions, deducing the goals, and comparing the user's goal hierarchy with the set of goals that the task model requires.<>
{"title":"The software engineering of adaptive human-computer interfaces","authors":"A. F. Norcio","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71422","url":null,"abstract":"A conceptual research framework is presented for studying and designing adaptive human-computer interfaces that modify themselves dynamically with respect to the current user and the current context. This framework is based on the software engineering principle for constructing an abstract specification that incorporates all the necessary information about the entity. The goal of this approach is to implement an abstract interface that is composed of an abstract user, an abstract system, and an abstract application. The paper concerns the design of the abstract user. The abstract user is seen as an interaction between a static production model of the goals necessary to accomplish a specific task and a dynamic production model of a user's goal hierarchy for accomplishing that task. This framework suggests that the task model necessarily follows from the specifics of the task domain. Further, the user's goal model must be constructed by monitoring the user's actions, deducing the goals, and comparing the user's goal hierarchy with the set of goals that the task model requires.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"36 3","pages":"886-888 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72562713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71291
K. Funk
A description is given of the intelligent air attack system (IAAS), an experimental avionics system designed to enhance a combat pilot's situational awareness and assist him in managing and executing his tasks in a specific Navy mission, war-at-sea ship attack. Particular attention is given to the IAAS task support subsystem (TSS), a task-oriented pilot/vehicle interface that helps the pilot complete his tasks through a collection of system agents and a hierarchy of task agents. Each system agent is an active software object that serves as a representative of some important system outside the TSS and provides an information control interface between that system and TSS components. Each task agent is an active software object whose function is to configure cockpit displays and select subsystem modes for a specific task and to monitor and assist the pilot in the execution of the task. The first complete IAAS prototype has been tested at the Naval Weapons Center by an independent evaluation team.<>
{"title":"Development of a task-oriented pilot-vehicle interface","authors":"K. Funk","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71291","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the intelligent air attack system (IAAS), an experimental avionics system designed to enhance a combat pilot's situational awareness and assist him in managing and executing his tasks in a specific Navy mission, war-at-sea ship attack. Particular attention is given to the IAAS task support subsystem (TSS), a task-oriented pilot/vehicle interface that helps the pilot complete his tasks through a collection of system agents and a hierarchy of task agents. Each system agent is an active software object that serves as a representative of some important system outside the TSS and provides an information control interface between that system and TSS components. Each task agent is an active software object whose function is to configure cockpit displays and select subsystem modes for a specific task and to monitor and assist the pilot in the execution of the task. The first complete IAAS prototype has been tested at the Naval Weapons Center by an independent evaluation team.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"95 1","pages":"250-252 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79247278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71317
C. Wright, E. Delp, N. Gallagher
It is noted that a necessary requirement of a strategic defense system is the detection of incoming nuclear warheads in an environment that may include nuclear detonations of undetected or missed target warheads. A computer model is described which simulates incoming warheads as distant endoatmospheric targets. A model of the expected electromagnetic noise present in the nuclear environment is developed; predicted atmospheric effects are included. Various morphological-based image-enhancement algorithms are examined with regard to their ability to suppress the noise and atmospheric effects of the nuclear environment. These algorithms are then tested, using the combined target and noise models, and evaluated in terms of noise removal and the ability to resolve closely spaced targets.<>
{"title":"Morphological based target enhancement algorithms to counter the hostile nuclear environment","authors":"C. Wright, E. Delp, N. Gallagher","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71317","url":null,"abstract":"It is noted that a necessary requirement of a strategic defense system is the detection of incoming nuclear warheads in an environment that may include nuclear detonations of undetected or missed target warheads. A computer model is described which simulates incoming warheads as distant endoatmospheric targets. A model of the expected electromagnetic noise present in the nuclear environment is developed; predicted atmospheric effects are included. Various morphological-based image-enhancement algorithms are examined with regard to their ability to suppress the noise and atmospheric effects of the nuclear environment. These algorithms are then tested, using the combined target and noise models, and evaluated in terms of noise removal and the ability to resolve closely spaced targets.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"44 1","pages":"358-363 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84772844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71403
T. Nguyen, H. Stephanou
The continuous spaces of grasps are formulated and an algorithmic procedure is derived for robot hand preshaping. The proposed procedure consists of a mapping from a task space to a topological space of hand configurations using a barycentric coordinate system and a barycentric subdivision scheme. A model implementation architecture is discussed. Examples showing the preshaping of a four-finger hand in preparation for pinch grasping are described. The basis of the approach is both intuitive and mathematical. The intuitive formulation was based primarily on observations of functionalities and motor activities of the human hand. The mathematical formulation is based on point-set topology and combinatorial topology.<>
{"title":"A continuous model of robot hand preshaping","authors":"T. Nguyen, H. Stephanou","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71403","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous spaces of grasps are formulated and an algorithmic procedure is derived for robot hand preshaping. The proposed procedure consists of a mapping from a task space to a topological space of hand configurations using a barycentric coordinate system and a barycentric subdivision scheme. A model implementation architecture is discussed. Examples showing the preshaping of a four-finger hand in preparation for pinch grasping are described. The basis of the approach is both intuitive and mathematical. The intuitive formulation was based primarily on observations of functionalities and motor activities of the human hand. The mathematical formulation is based on point-set topology and combinatorial topology.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"13 1","pages":"798-803 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85400873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71266
W. W. Hankins, R. W. Mixon
The authors describe the LTM (Laboratory Telerobotic Manipulator), its installation at Langley Research Center, and plans for a comparative evaluation study of various control input devices to the system. The LTM is a full, dual-armed, force reflecting, master/slave manipulator in its basic form. It also has full robotic capability, with both slave arms functioning under total computer control. The control input devices to be studied will include: control from the system's basic master arms, six-degrees-of-freedom hand controllers, Kraft minimasters, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) force-reflecting hand controller. The initial master/slave control studies will consist of evaluating performance of simple task board operations as well as more realistic tasks typical of those a manipulator system might actually be required to perform in space.<>
{"title":"Manual control of the Langley Laboratory Telerobotic Manipulator","authors":"W. W. Hankins, R. W. Mixon","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71266","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe the LTM (Laboratory Telerobotic Manipulator), its installation at Langley Research Center, and plans for a comparative evaluation study of various control input devices to the system. The LTM is a full, dual-armed, force reflecting, master/slave manipulator in its basic form. It also has full robotic capability, with both slave arms functioning under total computer control. The control input devices to be studied will include: control from the system's basic master arms, six-degrees-of-freedom hand controllers, Kraft minimasters, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) force-reflecting hand controller. The initial master/slave control studies will consist of evaluating performance of simple task board operations as well as more realistic tasks typical of those a manipulator system might actually be required to perform in space.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"35 1","pages":"127-132 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84666749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71411
T. Fukuda, O. Hasegawa
An automatic organisms recognition and identification method for a micromanipulator system, using image processing based on an expert system, is described. The proposed method is based on the organism image segmentation method (OISM), which takes advantage of characteristic segment features that are independent of individual size and length. The complicated shapes of the organisms are divided into basic shape segments such as lines, circles, ovals, etc. The relation between segments are analyzed and described in the database of the expert system automatically. Organisms are then expressed simply by a set of segments, so that their individual differences are avoided. Tracking the movement of an organism by its image is also shown. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by experimental results.<>
{"title":"Creature recognition and identification by image processing based on expert system","authors":"T. Fukuda, O. Hasegawa","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71411","url":null,"abstract":"An automatic organisms recognition and identification method for a micromanipulator system, using image processing based on an expert system, is described. The proposed method is based on the organism image segmentation method (OISM), which takes advantage of characteristic segment features that are independent of individual size and length. The complicated shapes of the organisms are divided into basic shape segments such as lines, circles, ovals, etc. The relation between segments are analyzed and described in the database of the expert system automatically. Organisms are then expressed simply by a set of segments, so that their individual differences are avoided. Tracking the movement of an organism by its image is also shown. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by experimental results.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"837-842 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85174005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71355
R. Mayorga, A. Wong
A singularities avoidance approach suitable for the optimal path planning of redundant robot manipulators is presented. The approach is based on establishing proper bounds for the rate of change of the Jacobian matrix of the transformation between the joint speeds and the end effector Cartesian speed. These bounds become an additional constraint for an optimization problem that is formulated to obtain the optimal path of the robot manipulator. Here, the optimization problem is formulated globally as a state-constrained continuous optimal control problem which can consider joint (speeds) constraints and/or manipulator dynamics, and be solved by an efficient iterative numerical technique. This approach is particularly exemplified for the optimal path generation of a simulated planar redundant manipulator, and its results are compared with the results yielded by a local approach. The results obtained (although not adequate for present real-time implementation) confirm the superiority of the global approach.<>
{"title":"A global approach for the path generation of redundant manipulators","authors":"R. Mayorga, A. Wong","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71355","url":null,"abstract":"A singularities avoidance approach suitable for the optimal path planning of redundant robot manipulators is presented. The approach is based on establishing proper bounds for the rate of change of the Jacobian matrix of the transformation between the joint speeds and the end effector Cartesian speed. These bounds become an additional constraint for an optimization problem that is formulated to obtain the optimal path of the robot manipulator. Here, the optimization problem is formulated globally as a state-constrained continuous optimal control problem which can consider joint (speeds) constraints and/or manipulator dynamics, and be solved by an efficient iterative numerical technique. This approach is particularly exemplified for the optimal path generation of a simulated planar redundant manipulator, and its results are compared with the results yielded by a local approach. The results obtained (although not adequate for present real-time implementation) confirm the superiority of the global approach.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"22 1","pages":"538-544 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81348945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：