Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71420
Huo-yan Chen
In a previous publication (1988), the author proposed an algorithm for the parallel evaluation of logic programs from bottom to top in compile time. In this paper the author improves the algorithm, solving some problems not previously discussed. This leads to a reduction of the required storage space and makes the algorithm more practical.<>
{"title":"A scheme for deducing logic programs from bottom to top","authors":"Huo-yan Chen","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71420","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous publication (1988), the author proposed an algorithm for the parallel evaluation of logic programs from bottom to top in compile time. In this paper the author improves the algorithm, solving some problems not previously discussed. This leads to a reduction of the required storage space and makes the algorithm more practical.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"46 1","pages":"875-876 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71304
C. Lewis, W. Jamison
Transitional interfaces are based on the premise that if vocabulary and syntax are made accessible to new users they will be able to accomplish routine tasks as they learn about the system. Experiments conducted with UnixTutor (a transitional interface to the UNIX operating system) indicate that a training interface must do more than support vocabulary and syntax if it is actually to shield a new user from the vagaries of his environment. This is especially important because of the damage done by well-reasoned failures. In normal learning situations there is usually indication of approximations to success. This kind of feedback is rarely available from computers. Instead, the error messages and unmatched intentions continue until an exactly correct string of symbols is discovered. In the absence of an indication of approximate success this can result in a random walk among functional models because it is difficult to distinguish substantially correct models from substantially incorrect ones. It is concluded that neither the structured guidance of transitional interfaces nor the paternalistic blocking of training wheels offers a solution to this problem.<>
{"title":"Using menus to learn","authors":"C. Lewis, W. Jamison","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71304","url":null,"abstract":"Transitional interfaces are based on the premise that if vocabulary and syntax are made accessible to new users they will be able to accomplish routine tasks as they learn about the system. Experiments conducted with UnixTutor (a transitional interface to the UNIX operating system) indicate that a training interface must do more than support vocabulary and syntax if it is actually to shield a new user from the vagaries of his environment. This is especially important because of the damage done by well-reasoned failures. In normal learning situations there is usually indication of approximations to success. This kind of feedback is rarely available from computers. Instead, the error messages and unmatched intentions continue until an exactly correct string of symbols is discovered. In the absence of an indication of approximate success this can result in a random walk among functional models because it is difficult to distinguish substantially correct models from substantially incorrect ones. It is concluded that neither the structured guidance of transitional interfaces nor the paternalistic blocking of training wheels offers a solution to this problem.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"21 1","pages":"309-310 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81420293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71510
M. Cornacchia, G. Matarazzo, A. Orlando, F. Papa
The necessity of human-factors analysis from the beginning of the design process is underlined, and an emulation approach is proposed. The approach is based on two main components: (1) the representation of the principal functions of the service by a flexible hardware/software system; and (2) the evaluation of service acceptability using a sample of real potential users. The flexibility of the system utilized for emulation makes it possible to test different system configurations in order to select the best functions and characteristics of the service.<>
{"title":"Human factors in information system design: the emulation approach","authors":"M. Cornacchia, G. Matarazzo, A. Orlando, F. Papa","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71510","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of human-factors analysis from the beginning of the design process is underlined, and an emulation approach is proposed. The approach is based on two main components: (1) the representation of the principal functions of the service by a flexible hardware/software system; and (2) the evaluation of service acceptability using a sample of real potential users. The flexibility of the system utilized for emulation makes it possible to test different system configurations in order to select the best functions and characteristics of the service.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"94 1","pages":"1278-1280 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83430258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71469
A. M. Elramsisi, M. Zohdy, N. Loh
A technique is proposed to identify the structure as well as the parameters of nonlinear discrete-time system models. The structure is represented in a frequency-position domain of Gabor basis functions (GBFs). A simplification to the GBFs is also presented, where the spatial Gaussian envelope of GBFs is replaced with a triangular one. A modification to the GBFs has also been introduced in order to suppress noise effects on the procedure. A three-layered neural network, augmented with nonuniform sampling, is described for solving the system identification problem.<>
{"title":"Structure recognition of nonlinear discrete-time systems by neural networks","authors":"A. M. Elramsisi, M. Zohdy, N. Loh","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71469","url":null,"abstract":"A technique is proposed to identify the structure as well as the parameters of nonlinear discrete-time system models. The structure is represented in a frequency-position domain of Gabor basis functions (GBFs). A simplification to the GBFs is also presented, where the spatial Gaussian envelope of GBFs is replaced with a triangular one. A modification to the GBFs has also been introduced in order to suppress noise effects on the procedure. A three-layered neural network, augmented with nonuniform sampling, is described for solving the system identification problem.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"2007 1","pages":"1098-1103 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78654450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71341
R. Hamm
Distributed decision-making systems may have an impact on the functions necessary for successful group decision-making. In particular, the constraints on group interaction, communication, and individual environment that are imposed by a distributed decision-making system may affect individuals' mode of cognition (analysis, intuition, pattern matching, or functional thinking). This in turn may affect decision quality. Methods for compensating for this effect are suggested.<>
{"title":"The need to consider modes of cognition in designing systems that require distributed decision making","authors":"R. Hamm","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71341","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed decision-making systems may have an impact on the functions necessary for successful group decision-making. In particular, the constraints on group interaction, communication, and individual environment that are imposed by a distributed decision-making system may affect individuals' mode of cognition (analysis, intuition, pattern matching, or functional thinking). This in turn may affect decision quality. Methods for compensating for this effect are suggested.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"74 Supplement_2 1","pages":"482-483 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82838490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71412
Y. Shiu, Shaheen Ahmad
Model-based monocular vision has been used to recognize and locate 3-D objects by matching image corners (or lines) to model corners (or lines). These algorithms typically have high computational complexities. Grouping of visual features has been used to reduce the computational complexity. In this work point image features are grouped into loops and object loops that have similar viewpoint-invariant characteristics. Examples of viewpoint-invariant characteristics of loops are the number of lines and vertices, the number of convex and concave curves, and the sequence in which the lines, curves, and vertices are linked together. Grouping into loops also facilitates model matching by ellipses, in addition to corners and lines. Experiments are performed to extract loops from images and segmenting them into lines and elliptical curves. Distinguishable loops are used to find 3-D locations of the objects in scenes.<>
{"title":"Grouping image features into loops for monocular recognition","authors":"Y. Shiu, Shaheen Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71412","url":null,"abstract":"Model-based monocular vision has been used to recognize and locate 3-D objects by matching image corners (or lines) to model corners (or lines). These algorithms typically have high computational complexities. Grouping of visual features has been used to reduce the computational complexity. In this work point image features are grouped into loops and object loops that have similar viewpoint-invariant characteristics. Examples of viewpoint-invariant characteristics of loops are the number of lines and vertices, the number of convex and concave curves, and the sequence in which the lines, curves, and vertices are linked together. Grouping into loops also facilitates model matching by ellipses, in addition to corners and lines. Experiments are performed to extract loops from images and segmenting them into lines and elliptical curves. Distinguishable loops are used to find 3-D locations of the objects in scenes.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"12 1","pages":"843-844 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88012506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71404
J. Vercher, G. Gauthier, J. Bertrand, G. Magenes
Some problems raised by bimanual coordination control of articulated systems are studied. In particular, the performance of human operators driving an anthropomorphic robot along 3-D trajectories using either a bimanual micromanipulator or a keypad is compared. The trajectories were materialized in space by a thin wire twisted to trace a cosine wave. The performance was quantified in terms of total time (that is, the time to drive the robot effector through the trajectory), cumulated error, standard deviation and maximum error along the trajectory.<>
{"title":"Bimanual micro manipulator for televideo operation of anthropomorphic robots","authors":"J. Vercher, G. Gauthier, J. Bertrand, G. Magenes","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71404","url":null,"abstract":"Some problems raised by bimanual coordination control of articulated systems are studied. In particular, the performance of human operators driving an anthropomorphic robot along 3-D trajectories using either a bimanual micromanipulator or a keypad is compared. The trajectories were materialized in space by a thin wire twisted to trace a cosine wave. The performance was quantified in terms of total time (that is, the time to drive the robot effector through the trajectory), cumulated error, standard deviation and maximum error along the trajectory.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"37 1","pages":"804-805 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87453675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71471
M. Nahvi
Fast extension trajectories of the arm and muscle EMG that were recorded for various amplitudes and loads are shown and discussed. Forearm trajectories are smooth, with bell-shaped speed profiles. The upper arm trajectories may have three segments, with the speed profile having two peaks. As one moves from central to peripheral points on the arm, the three segments merge together, producing smooth curves. The forearm may be modelled as a system with two inputs: (1) the elbow joint displacement, and (2) muscle force. The observed input patterns are coordinated to produce the fast but smooth motion with negligible overshoot. The results clarify the role of joint control of shoulder and elbow joints in fast movements.<>
{"title":"Fast movements of human arm: reflections on control issues","authors":"M. Nahvi","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71471","url":null,"abstract":"Fast extension trajectories of the arm and muscle EMG that were recorded for various amplitudes and loads are shown and discussed. Forearm trajectories are smooth, with bell-shaped speed profiles. The upper arm trajectories may have three segments, with the speed profile having two peaks. As one moves from central to peripheral points on the arm, the three segments merge together, producing smooth curves. The forearm may be modelled as a system with two inputs: (1) the elbow joint displacement, and (2) muscle force. The observed input patterns are coordinated to produce the fast but smooth motion with negligible overshoot. The results clarify the role of joint control of shoulder and elbow joints in fast movements.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1109-1112 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88705530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71463
P. Elzer, C. Weisang, K. Zinser
A description is given of the prototype of a comprehensive man-machine interface that utilizes knowledge-based techniques to support and advise the operator in conventional power plants. The approach is based on the use of a layered structure of the process pictures that allows the operator to move freely within one level or through the different levels of a picture (information zoom). The motion is guided by an online assessment of the process state, indicating failure states in a symbolic manner. It is suggested that such a knowledge-based operator support system along with an advanced graphical interface significantly changes behavioral aspects of operator tasks in supervision and control. To support this thesis, the human-computer interaction in GRADIENT (graphical dialogue environment) is mapped onto conceptual cognitive models.<>
{"title":"Knowledge-based system support for operator tasks in S&C environments","authors":"P. Elzer, C. Weisang, K. Zinser","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71463","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the prototype of a comprehensive man-machine interface that utilizes knowledge-based techniques to support and advise the operator in conventional power plants. The approach is based on the use of a layered structure of the process pictures that allows the operator to move freely within one level or through the different levels of a picture (information zoom). The motion is guided by an online assessment of the process state, indicating failure states in a symbolic manner. It is suggested that such a knowledge-based operator support system along with an advanced graphical interface significantly changes behavioral aspects of operator tasks in supervision and control. To support this thesis, the human-computer interaction in GRADIENT (graphical dialogue environment) is mapped onto conceptual cognitive models.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"55 1","pages":"1078-1083 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77035845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71504
N. Houshangi, Antti J. Koivo
The task of raising a rectangular parallelopiped object on the plane surface to a standing position by a robot manipulator is considered. An initial contact between the object and the surface is assumed to be a point contact. To perform the task, the manipulator needs to be servoed to that the object position changes from a point contact to an edge (line) contact and then to a plane contact, using sensory feedback from tactile and force/torques sensors. After an initial contact, the object is rotated around the gripper approach vector till the object makes a line contact with the surface. The angle between the gripper-held object and the surface is then calculated from tactile sensory information. The position and orientation of the gripper are modified based on the current gripper position and orientation, and the angle calculated so as to place the object on the plane. A simple experiment is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of calculating the angle between the object and the surface from tactile sensory information.<>
{"title":"Tactile sensor control for robotic manipulations","authors":"N. Houshangi, Antti J. Koivo","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71504","url":null,"abstract":"The task of raising a rectangular parallelopiped object on the plane surface to a standing position by a robot manipulator is considered. An initial contact between the object and the surface is assumed to be a point contact. To perform the task, the manipulator needs to be servoed to that the object position changes from a point contact to an edge (line) contact and then to a plane contact, using sensory feedback from tactile and force/torques sensors. After an initial contact, the object is rotated around the gripper approach vector till the object makes a line contact with the surface. The angle between the gripper-held object and the surface is then calculated from tactile sensory information. The position and orientation of the gripper are modified based on the current gripper position and orientation, and the angle calculated so as to place the object on the plane. A simple experiment is conducted to demonstrate the applicability of calculating the angle between the object and the surface from tactile sensory information.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"26 1","pages":"1258-1259 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87090429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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