Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71293
Y. Nakatani, M. Tsukiyama, T. Fukuda
The authors discuss a system for the support of concept design in the development of mechanical products. The system uses a case-based problem solving methodology. The approach is based on the observation that experienced designers make new designs using knowledge of similar past cases. The design process is an iteration of decision using various kinds of knowledge such as design processes, technical decisions, and acceptability decisions. These decisions are ill-structured, and this feature makes it difficult to solve the design problem automatically. The structure of a human-computer cooperative design system is outlined.<>
{"title":"A design support system with case-based problem solving methodology","authors":"Y. Nakatani, M. Tsukiyama, T. Fukuda","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71293","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss a system for the support of concept design in the development of mechanical products. The system uses a case-based problem solving methodology. The approach is based on the observation that experienced designers make new designs using knowledge of similar past cases. The design process is an iteration of decision using various kinds of knowledge such as design processes, technical decisions, and acceptability decisions. These decisions are ill-structured, and this feature makes it difficult to solve the design problem automatically. The structure of a human-computer cooperative design system is outlined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"70 1","pages":"259-260 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84429651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71450
A. Mogre, R. Mclaren, J. Keller
Any decision procedure that is applied to a given problem involves both the gathering of relevant information from different sources and, when possible, accounting for the reliability of each source or group of sources. Due to insufficient knowledge, it may not be possible to isolate an unreliable or poor source of information. However, if a set of sources provides information to a decision algorithm, the effect of these sources as a group could be analyzed in terms of the relative coherence of the sources within it. A group whose sources are in agreement regarding the same decision is more reliable than one in which the individual sources supported different decisions. A measure of the unreliability of a group is its 'disparity', which could compensate for disagreement within a group. Theory and results to support this group unreliability are presented.<>
{"title":"A technique to compensate for disparate sources in evidence combination","authors":"A. Mogre, R. Mclaren, J. Keller","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71450","url":null,"abstract":"Any decision procedure that is applied to a given problem involves both the gathering of relevant information from different sources and, when possible, accounting for the reliability of each source or group of sources. Due to insufficient knowledge, it may not be possible to isolate an unreliable or poor source of information. However, if a set of sources provides information to a decision algorithm, the effect of these sources as a group could be analyzed in terms of the relative coherence of the sources within it. A group whose sources are in agreement regarding the same decision is more reliable than one in which the individual sources supported different decisions. A measure of the unreliability of a group is its 'disparity', which could compensate for disagreement within a group. Theory and results to support this group unreliability are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1022-1023 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85854018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71251
M. Thordsen, G. Klein
The authors offer a perspective on team decision-making that may be fruitful for understanding some of the dynamics. The perspective is centered around the concept of a team mind with three aspects that can be studied: behavior, consciousness, and subconsciousness. These aspects are described, along with methods for studying each. The operation of the team mind is illustrated by the functioning of an airline flight crew. It is believed that the team mind concept will be helpful for introducing phenomena from cognitive psychology, e.g. limited attentional resources, the effects of emotions, workload variables, automaticity, and characteristics of working memory.<>
{"title":"Cognitive processes of the team mind","authors":"M. Thordsen, G. Klein","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71251","url":null,"abstract":"The authors offer a perspective on team decision-making that may be fruitful for understanding some of the dynamics. The perspective is centered around the concept of a team mind with three aspects that can be studied: behavior, consciousness, and subconsciousness. These aspects are described, along with methods for studying each. The operation of the team mind is illustrated by the functioning of an airline flight crew. It is believed that the team mind concept will be helpful for introducing phenomena from cognitive psychology, e.g. limited attentional resources, the effects of emotions, workload variables, automaticity, and characteristics of working memory.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"127 4 1","pages":"46-49 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83989954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71356
Chun-Hung Lin, L. Fu
The problem of navigating a mobile robot around barriers in an unexplored terrain is studied, where all the obstacles within the terrain are not necessarily of polygonal shape or convex. A model map is used to memorize the configuration of the environment observed so far and it is updated while the robot is being navigated. With safety' as a important factor to the solution of the problem, an algorithm which tends to find a center-line path among obstacles is proposed. The case where the sensor has only limited effective range is also considered. Detailed proof is provided of the collision-free and goal-convergent properties of the algorithm.<>
{"title":"Robot navigation through obstacles of general shapes using a center-line oriented algorithm","authors":"Chun-Hung Lin, L. Fu","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71356","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of navigating a mobile robot around barriers in an unexplored terrain is studied, where all the obstacles within the terrain are not necessarily of polygonal shape or convex. A model map is used to memorize the configuration of the environment observed so far and it is updated while the robot is being navigated. With safety' as a important factor to the solution of the problem, an algorithm which tends to find a center-line path among obstacles is proposed. The case where the sensor has only limited effective range is also considered. Detailed proof is provided of the collision-free and goal-convergent properties of the algorithm.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"545-550 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84603645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71383
A. U. Meyer, E. J. Haupt, Z. Li, K. Lu, H. Louis
Electroretinography and visual evoked potential testing include a variety of useful methods for clinical diagnosis of visual system function. At the authors' institution, mathematical modeling and parameter identification are used to provide standardized quantification for electrophysiological evaluation to assist in interpretation of results. These results form the basis for evaluation of disease states such as retinal damage in diabetes and central retinal vein occlusion, as well as for establishment of contrast sensitivity parameters. Detailed descriptions are given of the visual system modeling and interpretation work at the Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Eye Inst. of New Jersey.<>
{"title":"Clinical electrophysiology of the eye: physiological modeling and parameter estimation","authors":"A. U. Meyer, E. J. Haupt, Z. Li, K. Lu, H. Louis","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71383","url":null,"abstract":"Electroretinography and visual evoked potential testing include a variety of useful methods for clinical diagnosis of visual system function. At the authors' institution, mathematical modeling and parameter identification are used to provide standardized quantification for electrophysiological evaluation to assist in interpretation of results. These results form the basis for evaluation of disease states such as retinal damage in diabetes and central retinal vein occlusion, as well as for establishment of contrast sensitivity parameters. Detailed descriptions are given of the visual system modeling and interpretation work at the Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Eye Inst. of New Jersey.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"687-692 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73373234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71490
Chin-Wen Lin
The three Space Shuttle main engines that are used to boost the Space Shuttle orbiter into space generate as much equivalent horsepower as twenty-three Hoover Dams. Due to the extreme pressures and temperatures in the combustion chambers and turbomachinery passages, a rocket engine design challenges the current technology limits of material strength and heat resistance. Meanwhile, in the hostile operational environment, the instruments experience severe impacts which limit their accuracy. An approach to robust design is proposed, aimed at identifying the optimal operating point and the key parameters.<>
{"title":"Controlling the rocket engine performance variability via probabilistic parameter analysis","authors":"Chin-Wen Lin","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71490","url":null,"abstract":"The three Space Shuttle main engines that are used to boost the Space Shuttle orbiter into space generate as much equivalent horsepower as twenty-three Hoover Dams. Due to the extreme pressures and temperatures in the combustion chambers and turbomachinery passages, a rocket engine design challenges the current technology limits of material strength and heat resistance. Meanwhile, in the hostile operational environment, the instruments experience severe impacts which limit their accuracy. An approach to robust design is proposed, aimed at identifying the optimal operating point and the key parameters.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"43 1","pages":"1197-1198 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82149713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71478
Jane M. Fraser, P. Strohm, Jack W. Smith, J. Svirbely, S. Rudmann, Thomas Miller, J. Blazina, M. Kennedy, Philip J. Smith
Results of efforts to extract knowledge for an expert whose job is to detect the errors made by practicing technologies are examined. These errors are discussed in terms of possible cognitive biases. The example examined involves students, technologies, and experts performing antibody identification tasks in order to construct a critiquing and intelligent tutoring system.<>
{"title":"Errors in abductive reasoning","authors":"Jane M. Fraser, P. Strohm, Jack W. Smith, J. Svirbely, S. Rudmann, Thomas Miller, J. Blazina, M. Kennedy, Philip J. Smith","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71478","url":null,"abstract":"Results of efforts to extract knowledge for an expert whose job is to detect the errors made by practicing technologies are examined. These errors are discussed in terms of possible cognitive biases. The example examined involves students, technologies, and experts performing antibody identification tasks in order to construct a critiquing and intelligent tutoring system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"11 1","pages":"1136-1141 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82099879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71475
J. Graham, A. Espinosa
A computerized system is presented to provide expert assistance to a physician in the evaluation of electromyographic findings in the clinical diagnosis of compressive radiculopathies. The system uses an object-oriented, frame-based representation of the nerve-root and muscular structure of the lower back and leg, and uses a rule-based reasoning system to interpret electromyographic findings and relate them to potential pathologies in the nerve roots in the lower spinal column. A novel feature of this research was the development of a hybrid system of Bayesian regulated belief functions and symbolic endorsements for the resolution of uncertainty in the clinical observations. This hybrid system provided quantitative estimates of the nerve pathologies. while simultaneously providing the physician with qualitative information regarding the interrelations of the clinical findings and the diagnosis.<>
{"title":"Computer assisted analysis of electromyographic data in diagnosis of low back pain","authors":"J. Graham, A. Espinosa","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71475","url":null,"abstract":"A computerized system is presented to provide expert assistance to a physician in the evaluation of electromyographic findings in the clinical diagnosis of compressive radiculopathies. The system uses an object-oriented, frame-based representation of the nerve-root and muscular structure of the lower back and leg, and uses a rule-based reasoning system to interpret electromyographic findings and relate them to potential pathologies in the nerve roots in the lower spinal column. A novel feature of this research was the development of a hybrid system of Bayesian regulated belief functions and symbolic endorsements for the resolution of uncertainty in the clinical observations. This hybrid system provided quantitative estimates of the nerve pathologies. while simultaneously providing the physician with qualitative information regarding the interrelations of the clinical findings and the diagnosis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"6 1","pages":"1118-1123 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87658731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71446
W. Yoon
A qualitative reasoning scheme with explicit temporal expression is presented. Its aim is to develop a possible solution for the fundamental problem of temporal reasoning and ambiguity rather than to refine the existing techniques for a specific domain. The proposed system represents the system behavior in the form of a partially ordered network. Time intervals may be defined in terms of relative lengths in a quantity space. Such explicit description of temporal quantities helps reduce ambiguity in qualitative simulation. An independent quantity space management system organizes the qualitative reasoning about physical and temporal quantities.<>
{"title":"Qualitative modeling with temporal causality network and quantity network","authors":"W. Yoon","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71446","url":null,"abstract":"A qualitative reasoning scheme with explicit temporal expression is presented. Its aim is to develop a possible solution for the fundamental problem of temporal reasoning and ambiguity rather than to refine the existing techniques for a specific domain. The proposed system represents the system behavior in the form of a partially ordered network. Time intervals may be defined in terms of relative lengths in a quantity space. Such explicit description of temporal quantities helps reduce ambiguity in qualitative simulation. An independent quantity space management system organizes the qualitative reasoning about physical and temporal quantities.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"12 1","pages":"1009-1010 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87618167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71386
R. Mallubhatla, K. Pattipati, D. Kleinman, Zhuang-Bo Tang
Distributed information processing by a three-person team operating in a binary hypothesis-testing environment is considered. The team is hierarchical, with a primary decision-maker (DM0) and two subordinate DMs (DM1 and DM2). Given a set of measurements, the team has to decide whether a contact is a threat or a neutral. The subordinates are experts, one at detecting threats and the other at detecting neutrals. The team has access to noisy measurements from three sensors; one global, shared by all three DMs, and two local, dedicated to each of the two subordinates. The primary DM makes the final team decision based on the reports of the subordinates and the global measurement, and attaches a confidence level to the decision. A normative model for the distributed detection process is developed. The normative predictions are compared with the experimental data to identify cognitive biases of human DMs. A normative-descriptive model that accounts for these biases is developed, and is shown to provide an excellent match with the experimental data.<>
{"title":"A model of distributed team information processing under ambiguity","authors":"R. Mallubhatla, K. Pattipati, D. Kleinman, Zhuang-Bo Tang","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71386","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed information processing by a three-person team operating in a binary hypothesis-testing environment is considered. The team is hierarchical, with a primary decision-maker (DM0) and two subordinate DMs (DM1 and DM2). Given a set of measurements, the team has to decide whether a contact is a threat or a neutral. The subordinates are experts, one at detecting threats and the other at detecting neutrals. The team has access to noisy measurements from three sensors; one global, shared by all three DMs, and two local, dedicated to each of the two subordinates. The primary DM makes the final team decision based on the reports of the subordinates and the global measurement, and attaches a confidence level to the decision. A normative model for the distributed detection process is developed. The normative predictions are compared with the experimental data to identify cognitive biases of human DMs. A normative-descriptive model that accounts for these biases is developed, and is shown to provide an excellent match with the experimental data.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"2007 1","pages":"706-712 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86208347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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