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Cold agglutinin autoimmune haemolytic anaemia as an initial presentation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma: A case study 冷凝集素自身免疫性溶血性贫血作为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的初始表现:一个病例研究
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_115_21
V. Ranjan, Gaurav Dhingra, N. Gupta, K. Khillan, R. Rana
Cold agglutinin disease, commonly affecting females in the their seventh decade of life, is otherwise a rare entity and has an incidence of one case per million people per year. Cold reactive antibody is associated with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) in approximately 20% of the cases. Although the occurrence of AIHA in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is well known, aggressive lymphomas such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) initially presenting as cold agglutinin AIHA is extremely rare. Here, we describe a case of DLBCL presenting few months before the diagnosis as cold antibody-AIHA.xs
感冒凝集素病通常影响70岁以上的女性,除此之外,它是一种罕见的疾病,每年的发病率为百万分之一。冷反应抗体与自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)有关,约占20%。虽然AIHA在非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者中的发生是众所周知的,但侵袭性淋巴瘤如弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)最初表现为冷凝集素AIHA是极其罕见的。在这里,我们描述了一个在诊断前几个月表现为冷抗体aiha .xs的DLBCL病例
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引用次数: 0
Has the corporatisation of our health sector in India helped us? 印度卫生部门的公司化对我们有帮助吗?
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_53_22
J. Peer, S. Nundy
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引用次数: 0
Pre-operative evaluation in geriatric patients: Are we over-investigating? 老年患者术前评估:我们是否调查过度?
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_44_22
B. Sharma, C. Sahai, J. Sood
The population of the United States, as well as developing countries like India, is rapidly ageing. Surgical operations are more common in the elderly than in younger age groups. A comprehensive pre-operative evaluation of these elderly patients is an important component of improving perioperative outcomes. It is very different from the pre-operative assessment in younger patients, which usually encompasses evaluating cardiac risk for non-cardiac surgery and single end-organ functional assessment. Functional and cognitive impairment are additional risk factors associated with poorer outcomes in older patients. Guidelines for pre-operative assessment of elderly surgical patients have been developed by the American College of Surgeons and the American Geriatrics Society.
美国以及印度等发展中国家的人口正在迅速老龄化。外科手术在老年人中比在年轻人中更常见。对这些老年患者进行全面的术前评估是改善围手术期预后的重要组成部分。这与年轻患者的术前评估有很大不同,后者通常包括非心脏手术的心脏风险评估和单端器官功能评估。功能和认知障碍是老年患者预后较差的附加危险因素。美国外科医师学会和美国老年病学会制定了老年外科患者术前评估指南。
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引用次数: 2
Redo hepaticojejunostomy in the management of bilioenteric anastomotic strictures 肝肠吻合术在胆肠吻合口狭窄治疗中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_43_22
B. Bhat, S. Ray, S. Lalwani, V. Mangla, N. Mehta, A. Yadav, S. Nundy
Background: The Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) is the commonly done drainage procedure for strictures which occasionally follow operations on the gallbladder and bile ducts. However, 8%–40% of these anastomoses become narrowed again and the redo operation is technically challenging. There are only a few reports which have examined the results of these revision procedures and we therefore decided to analyse our experience of this unusual operation. Aim: To study the role of redo-hepaticojejunostomy in the management of bilio-enteric anastomotic strictures. Materials and Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2016, we performed 23 redo-hepaticojejunostomies for the strictures following an initial hepaticojejunostomy which was done for benign indications in our department and followed them for a minimum of 2 years with clinical, biochemical and radiological tests. Results: There were 7 males and 16 were females who had a median age of 37 years (range 15–63 years). The median interval between the index operation and the stricture recurrence was 10 months. Thirteen (57%) patients underwent initial surgical revision and 10 had the procedure following unsuccessful percutaneous intervention. The median length of hospital stay was 10 days and 21 (91%) only had minor complications. There was no operative mortality. On follow-up of all 23 patients after 2–8 years, six (26%) patients developed stricture recurrence, of whom three were managed with percutaneous dilatation and three required a second revisional surgery. Seventeen patients are symptom-free. Conclusion: Redo RYHJ is a feasible option for strictures following an initial biliary enteric anastomosis with no surgical mortality and three-quarters of the patients being rendered symptom-free.
背景:Roux-en-Y肝空肠吻合术(RYHJ)是胆囊和胆管手术后狭窄的常用引流方法。然而,8%-40%的吻合口再次变窄,重做手术在技术上具有挑战性。只有几份报告审查了这些修订程序的结果,因此我们决定分析我们在这一不同寻常的行动中的经验。目的:探讨肝-空肠吻合术在胆肠吻合口狭窄治疗中的作用。材料和方法:2010年1月至2016年1月,我们在我科为良性适应症进行了首次肝空肠吻合术后的狭窄进行了23例肝空肠吻合术,并随访了至少2年的临床、生化和影像学检查。结果:男性7例,女性16例,中位年龄37岁(15 ~ 63岁)。手术至狭窄复发的中位时间间隔为10个月。13例(57%)患者接受了首次手术翻修,10例在经皮介入治疗失败后接受了手术。中位住院时间为10天,21例(91%)仅有轻微并发症。无手术死亡率。在所有23例患者2-8年后的随访中,6例(26%)患者出现狭窄复发,其中3例经皮扩张治疗,3例需要第二次翻修手术。17名患者无症状。结论:重做RYHJ是初始胆道肠吻合术后狭窄的可行选择,无手术死亡率,四分之三的患者无症状。
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引用次数: 0
Anal cytological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men and prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus co-infection 人类免疫缺陷病毒感染男性肛门细胞学异常与高危人乳头瘤病毒合并感染的流行
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_114_21
A. Kakar, P. Bakshi, S. Tripathi:, A. Gogia
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells of the immune system, leading to a compromised and depleted immune system. Progressive failure of the immune system predisposes an individual to many life-threatening opportunistic infections and malignancies. As compared to the general population, the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is substantially higher in HIV-infected individuals. Majority of ASCC are related to infections caused by high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). Aims: We conducted an observational study on HIV-positive men who had a history of homosexual contact. The aim of this study was to assess the spectrum of cytological abnormalities on anal smear cytology in individuals with HIV infection, and also estimate the prevalence of anal infection with high-risk HPV strains. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 56 individuals for this pilot study. This study involved the collection of specimens from the anal canal of the patients by using cytobrush in liquid-based cytology (LBC) vial. The sample was simultaneously tested for cytological abnormalities by LBC (Sure Path, BD) and for 13 high-risk strains by Hybrid Capture II technique (Qiagen) based on antibody capture and chemiluminescent signal detection. Anal smear cytology was reported as per guidelines of The Bethesda System of reporting anal cytology, 2014. Results: The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was seen in 41.07% of individuals and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance were seen in 12.5% and 16.07% individuals, respectively. Cytology was useful in 7% of cases to diagnose opportunistic infections. The latter is a field yet to be tapped. Conclusion: We would recommend LBC in HIV-positive patients, for screening of cytological abnormalities and HPV status. This would also give an opportunity to screen for opportunistic infections, which have otherwise not been diagnosed.
背景:人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染免疫系统细胞,导致免疫系统受损和衰竭。免疫系统的逐渐衰竭使个体易患许多危及生命的机会性感染和恶性肿瘤。与一般人群相比,肛门鳞状细胞癌(ASCC)的发病率在艾滋病毒感染者中要高得多。大多数ASCC与人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)高危株引起的感染有关。目的:我们对有同性恋接触史的hiv阳性男性进行了一项观察性研究。本研究的目的是评估艾滋病毒感染个体肛门涂片细胞学异常的频谱,并估计肛门感染高危HPV株的患病率。材料和方法:我们招募了56个人参加这项初步研究。本研究采用细胞刷在液体细胞学(LBC)小瓶中收集患者肛管标本。同时采用LBC (Sure Path, BD)检测样本的细胞学异常,采用基于抗体捕获和化学发光信号检测的Hybrid Capture II技术(Qiagen)检测13个高危菌株。肛门涂片细胞学按照2014年Bethesda报告肛门细胞学系统的指南进行报告。结果:高危HPV感染发生率为41.07%,低级别鳞状上皮内病变和意义不明的非典型鳞状细胞分别为12.5%和16.07%。细胞学检查在7%的病例中诊断机会性感染有用。后者是一个有待开发的领域。结论:我们推荐LBC用于hiv阳性患者的细胞学异常和HPV状态的筛查。这也将为筛查机会性感染提供机会,否则这些感染将无法被诊断出来。
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引用次数: 2
Musings on medicine, myth, and history; India's legacy 对医学、神话和历史的思考;印度的遗产
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_75_22
Palak Agarwal
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引用次数: 0
Formulation design of oral lamotrigine suspension for the treatment of epilepsy 口服拉莫三嗪混悬液治疗癫痫的配方设计
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_45_22
S. Neerumalla, Ishrat S. Chhowala, Mehul Patel
Aim: Lamotrigine is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant drug widely used as mono- or adjunct therapy in adults and children. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid formulation of lamotrigine to fulfil the unmet needs of children and geriatric epileptic patients. Materials and Methods: Suspension formulation was prepared using Carbopol 974P as a suspending agent. It was evaluated for its sedimentation and re-dispersibility, solubility, morphology, particle-size distribution, rheological properties, pH measurement, uniformity of dosage unit, in vitro drug release behaviour and results were compared with marketed formulation Lamictal tablets. Results: The release profile of marketed product Lamictal tablets and developed lamotrigine oral suspension shows a complete release profile throughout physiological pH in all three media (0.1N hydrochloric acid, 4.5 pH acetate buffer and 6.8 pH phosphate buffer) and shows similar release as a marketed product. Microscopic observation clearly indicates the stability of the suspension (no aggregation of suspended particles) during the storage period of 12 months. The content uniformity of suspension was found well within the specified limits. Conclusion: Lamotrigine oral suspension was developed successfully and found a suitable alternative for a commercially available tablet for the treatment of epilepsy in children and geriatric patients.
目的:拉莫三嗪是一种广谱抗惊厥药物,广泛用于成人和儿童的单药或辅助治疗。本研究的目的是开发一种拉莫三嗪的液体制剂,以满足儿童和老年癫痫患者的未满足需求。材料与方法:以卡波波尔974P为悬浮剂制备悬浮剂。对其沉降性、再分散性、溶解度、形貌、粒径分布、流变性、pH值测定、剂量单位均匀性、体外释药行为进行了评价,并与市售拉米妥片进行了比较。结果:上市产品拉莫三嗪片和开发的拉莫三嗪口服混悬液在三种介质(0.1N盐酸、4.5 pH醋酸缓冲液和6.8 pH磷酸盐缓冲液)中具有完整的生理pH释放曲线,与上市产品相似。显微镜观察清楚地表明,在12个月的储存期间,悬浮液的稳定性(悬浮颗粒没有聚集)。悬浮液的含量均匀性在规定的范围内。结论:拉莫三嗪口服混悬液研制成功,可替代市售片剂治疗儿童和老年癫痫。
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引用次数: 0
A case of PUO in diabetes mellitus 糖尿病合并PUO 1例
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_2_22
P. Agarwal, Shipra Gulati, A. Garg, Sunila Jain
Histoplasma capsulatum, a thermal dimorphic fungus, is the agent of histoplasmosis. It is a common cause of endemic mycosis. We report the case of a 64-year-old female, a known case of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, beta-thalassemia trait who presented with persistent fever, decreased appetite and weight loss for a period of 1 month and found to have anaemia and hepatosplenomegaly. She was diagnosed with histoplasmosis on liver biopsy. She was started on amphotericin 'B' liposomal for 14 days. She showed marked improvement symptomatically and later put on tablet itraconazole 200 mg twice a day for 1 year and was advised for follow-up.
荚膜组织胞浆菌是一种热二形真菌,是组织胞浆菌病的病原体。它是地方性真菌病的常见病因。我们报告一例64岁女性,已知的糖尿病、高血压、地中海贫血特征的病例,她表现为持续发烧,食欲下降和体重减轻,持续1个月,发现有贫血和肝脾肿大。肝活检诊断为组织胞浆菌病。她开始使用两性霉素B脂质体14天。患者症状明显改善后,给予伊曲康唑片200mg,每日2次,连用1年,并建议随访。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on medical equipment's/devices supply chain COVID-19大流行对医疗设备/器械供应链的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_84_20
Abid Haleem, M. Javaid, Shahbaz Khan
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引用次数: 0
Intraoral biosensors: A promising diagnostic tool 口腔内生物传感器:一种有前途的诊断工具
Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_25_22
Shefali Dogra, Pankaj Dhawan, S. Tomar, Ashish Kakar, Era Kakar
The article encompasses a research on intraoral biosensors, which was conducted using keywords such as “Intraoral biosensors,” “health care monitoring devices,” “biomarkers”, “cloud servers,” “Internet of dental things (IoDT)” and “wireless sensors” in the databases of PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar between 1990 and 2020. Biomedical devices such as intraoral biosensors that are involved in continuous healthcare monitoring have garnered the attention of several researchers across the world. These devices function as an interconnecting link between the human systems and the outer environment. Recently, chair-side monitoring and early diagnostic tests are highly valuable for periodic monitoring and treatment planning for patients. These devices use biological reactions to detect and measure a particular chemical compound substance and then send an electronic signal. The chief advantages of these ubiquitous devices are high sensitivity and fast response. Intraoral biosensors integrate various materials and devices on one unique chip, hence functioning as the latest analytical and diagnostic tool of dentistry. This review highlights the basic concepts, principles and role of intraoral biosensors in the diagnosis of caries, periodontitis, oral cancer and dental fluorosis.
本文以1990年至2020年间PubMed/Medline和谷歌Scholar数据库中的“口腔内生物传感器”、“医疗监测设备”、“生物标志物”、“云服务器”、“牙科物联网(Internet of dental things, IoDT)”、“无线传感器”等关键词对口腔内生物传感器进行了研究。生物医学设备,如口腔内生物传感器,涉及持续健康监测已经引起了世界各地的一些研究人员的关注。这些设备的功能是人体系统和外部环境之间的互连环节。最近,椅子侧监测和早期诊断测试对患者的定期监测和治疗计划具有很高的价值。这些设备利用生物反应来检测和测量特定的化学化合物物质,然后发送电子信号。这些无处不在的器件的主要优点是高灵敏度和快速响应。口腔内生物传感器将各种材料和设备集成在一个独特的芯片上,因此成为牙科最新的分析和诊断工具。本文综述了口腔内生物传感器在龋齿、牙周炎、口腔癌和氟斑牙诊断中的基本概念、原理和作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Current medicine research and practice
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