Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100248
Joanna Schug , Monika Gosin , Nicholas P. Alt
Studies on intersectional invisibility and gendered race theory suggest that individuals whose identities are mismatched with widespread gendered racial stereotypes (i.e., Black women and East Asian men) face unique forms of discrimination in the form of representational invisibility. While previous research on gendered racial stereotypes has used experimental and laboratory-based paradigms to study the ways in which race and gender stereotypes intersect, this study applies a historical psychology lens to examine social representations using a large dataset of strings of text (“ngrams”) occurring in millions of English-language books published over 120 years. Consistent with hypotheses, we find that terms representing Black women and Asian men are generally less frequent than those referencing Black men and Asian women. Importantly, the magnitude of the race and gender terms changes over time, and the patterns of change correspond to social movements in the United States, suggesting that historical events such as the Civil Rights and Black Feminist movements may have impacted culturally widespread gendered race stereotypes.
{"title":"A historical psychology approach to gendered racial stereotypes: An examination of a multi-million book sample of 20th century texts","authors":"Joanna Schug , Monika Gosin , Nicholas P. Alt","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies on intersectional invisibility and gendered race theory suggest that individuals whose identities are mismatched with widespread gendered racial stereotypes (i.e., Black women and East Asian men) face unique forms of discrimination in the form of representational invisibility. While previous research on gendered racial stereotypes has used experimental and laboratory-based paradigms to study the ways in which race and gender stereotypes intersect, this study applies a historical psychology lens to examine social representations using a large dataset of strings of text (“ngrams”) occurring in millions of English-language books published over 120 years. Consistent with hypotheses, we find that terms representing Black women and Asian men are generally less frequent than those referencing Black men and Asian women. Importantly, the magnitude of the race and gender terms changes over time, and the patterns of change correspond to social movements in the United States, suggesting that historical events such as the Civil Rights and Black Feminist movements may have impacted culturally widespread gendered race stereotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100220
Gen Tsudaka , Margaux N.A. Wienk , Jana B. Berkessel , Cynthia Boo
Human societies differ markedly in their endorsement of hierarchical authority, ranging from strict obedience to powerful leaders and militaries to more decentralized and egalitarian governance. Although cultural values have traditionally been used to explain this diversity, socioecological perspectives suggest that physical environments also shape collective orientations toward authority. The current research examines whether terrain ruggedness—the degree of elevational variability—predicts hierarchical preferences across large-scale contexts. In Study 1 (78 countries; N = 156,658), we combined cross-national survey data from the European Values Study/World Values Survey with digital elevation models. Results demonstrated that national preferences for military rule and for a strong leader (who bypasses democratic processes) were higher in countries with more rugged terrain, even after controlling for economic factors, demographic indices, and spatial autocorrelation. Study 2 (50 U.S. states; N = 336,491), using Gallup Poll data, replicated and extended these findings within the United States, revealing that states with greater terrain ruggedness exhibited a higher proportion of vertical (“boss-like”) supervisory relations, rather than egalitarian, collaborative (“partner-like”) styles. These convergent findings bolster socioecological models of person–environment fit and extend prior research linking geography and social cognition. By identifying terrain ruggedness as a robust predictor of hierarchical orientation at both national and subnational scales, this research highlights how ecological constraints can legitimize dominance-oriented leadership, while also suggesting that socioeconomic and cultural developments may moderate terrain’s influence on social dynamics. Future longitudinal and historical research is needed to clarify how environments and governance structures co-evolve, further illuminating the interplay between ecology, hierarchy, and social organization.
{"title":"Rugged terrain and rigid hierarchy","authors":"Gen Tsudaka , Margaux N.A. Wienk , Jana B. Berkessel , Cynthia Boo","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human societies differ markedly in their endorsement of hierarchical authority, ranging from strict obedience to powerful leaders and militaries to more decentralized and egalitarian governance. Although cultural values have traditionally been used to explain this diversity, socioecological perspectives suggest that physical environments also shape collective orientations toward authority. The current research examines whether terrain ruggedness—the degree of elevational variability—predicts hierarchical preferences across large-scale contexts. In Study 1 (78 countries; <em>N</em> = 156,658), we combined cross-national survey data from the European Values Study/World Values Survey with digital elevation models. Results demonstrated that national preferences for military rule and for a strong leader (who bypasses democratic processes) were higher in countries with more rugged terrain, even after controlling for economic factors, demographic indices, and spatial autocorrelation. Study 2 (50 U.S. states; <em>N</em> = 336,491), using Gallup Poll data, replicated and extended these findings within the United States, revealing that states with greater terrain ruggedness exhibited a higher proportion of vertical (“boss-like”) supervisory relations, rather than egalitarian, collaborative (“partner-like”) styles. These convergent findings bolster socioecological models of person–environment fit and extend prior research linking geography and social cognition. By identifying terrain ruggedness as a robust predictor of hierarchical orientation at both national and subnational scales, this research highlights how ecological constraints can legitimize dominance-oriented leadership, while also suggesting that socioeconomic and cultural developments may moderate terrain’s influence on social dynamics. Future longitudinal and historical research is needed to clarify how environments and governance structures co-evolve, further illuminating the interplay between ecology, hierarchy, and social organization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100250
Dov Cohen , Bryan CY Pang , Minjae Seo , Heidi H. Fu
Proceeding from the assumption that unusual experiences are sometimes extensions of the normal, we examine a rare phenomenological experience: namely, the real-time, subjective experience of being outside one’s body and looking at oneself as an outsider would. Both face and honor cultures place great emphasis on the self-as-seen-by-others. Thus, past research showed that taking an outsider’s perspective on the self is a more frequent experience in the memory imagery of those from honor cultures and in the memory imagery, mental models, and self-control experiences of those from face cultures, as compared to those from dignity cultures. Here we extrapolate from that past work and show that real-time, subjective out-of-body experiences of taking a third-person perspective on oneself – though unusual – are also found more among those from face and honor, as compared to dignity, cultures. Moreover, whereas such unusual third-person experiences were associated with a variety of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders for those from a dignity culture, they had no such relation to psychiatric maladies for those from a face culture. Among those from an honor culture, real-time third-person experiences were especially strongly associated with disorders involving reactive aggression, consistent with the need to respond forcefully to affronts in order to maintain one’s image in the eyes of others. Real-time third-person experiencing seems an extension of other ways cultures structure phenomenological experience, with implications (or lack thereof) for psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"Real-time, subjective third-person experiences and psychiatric disorders in dignity, honor, and face cultures","authors":"Dov Cohen , Bryan CY Pang , Minjae Seo , Heidi H. Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proceeding from the assumption that unusual experiences are sometimes extensions of the normal, we examine a rare phenomenological experience: namely, the real-time, <em>subjective</em> experience of being outside one’s body and looking at oneself as an outsider would. Both face and honor cultures place great emphasis on the self-as-seen-by-others. Thus, past research showed that taking an outsider’s perspective on the self is a more frequent experience in the memory imagery of those from honor cultures and in the memory imagery, mental models, and self-control experiences of those from face cultures, as compared to those from dignity cultures. Here we extrapolate from that past work and show that real-time, subjective out-of-body experiences of taking a third-person perspective on oneself – though unusual – are also found more among those from face and honor, as compared to dignity, cultures. Moreover, whereas such unusual third-person experiences were associated with a variety of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders for those from a dignity culture, they had no such relation to psychiatric maladies for those from a face culture. Among those from an honor culture, real-time third-person experiences were especially strongly associated with disorders involving reactive aggression, consistent with the need to respond forcefully to affronts in order to maintain one’s image in the eyes of others. Real-time third-person experiencing seems an extension of other ways cultures structure phenomenological experience, with implications (or lack thereof) for psychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100232
Yoshihisa Kashima, Said Shafa, Khandis Blake
Cultural logics of dignity, face, and honour (Leung & Cohen, 2011) have become a significant focus of research in culture and psychology. However, how they relate to the existing literature on individualism and collectivism has been left unclarified despite their apparent conceptual links. This article attempts to clarify how cultural logics relate to individualism and collectivism from a perspective of the psychology of cultural dynamics. After describing our approach to the psychology of cultural dynamics, we suggest that cultural logics and individualism-collectivism can be conceptualized as cultural ideas and practices about how to structure social organization. Honor and face logics are typically embedded in kin-based and social network-based collectivisms, respectively. In contrast, dignity logic is a particular configuration of individualism combined with a particular type of collectivism called attribute collectivism, which emphasizes social connections based on a shared attribute that defines a group membership. We then argue that the prevalence of cultural logics in a human population depends on the socio-ecological environments with which the population interacts. Honor becomes prominent under severe intergroup competition, face under a great need for intragroup cooperation, and dignity under moderate levels of intragroup cooperation and intergroup competition. In the final section, we piece together recent empirical evidence to hypothesize socio-ecological factors that have, over time, given rise to contemporary cultural diversity across Eurasia – widespread kin/clan collectivism with honor logic, but dignity in the West and face in the East.
{"title":"Cultural logics and individualism-collectivism: a conceptualization of the two frameworks from a cultural dynamical perspective","authors":"Yoshihisa Kashima, Said Shafa, Khandis Blake","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultural logics of dignity, face, and honour (Leung & Cohen, 2011) have become a significant focus of research in culture and psychology. However, how they relate to the existing literature on individualism and collectivism has been left unclarified despite their apparent conceptual links. This article attempts to clarify how cultural logics relate to individualism and collectivism from a perspective of the psychology of cultural dynamics. After describing our approach to the psychology of cultural dynamics, we suggest that cultural logics and individualism-collectivism can be conceptualized as cultural ideas and practices about how to structure social organization. Honor and face logics are typically embedded in kin-based and social network-based collectivisms, respectively. In contrast, dignity logic is a particular configuration of individualism combined with a particular type of collectivism called attribute collectivism, which emphasizes social connections based on a shared attribute that defines a group membership. We then argue that the prevalence of cultural logics in a human population depends on the socio-ecological environments with which the population interacts. Honor becomes prominent under severe intergroup competition, face under a great need for intragroup cooperation, and dignity under moderate levels of intragroup cooperation and intergroup competition. In the final section, we piece together recent empirical evidence to hypothesize socio-ecological factors that have, over time, given rise to contemporary cultural diversity across Eurasia – widespread kin/clan collectivism with honor logic, but dignity in the West and face in the East.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100221
Alexa Spence , Charles Ogunbode , Christina Demski , Stuart Capstick
Flooding is an ongoing and predicted impact of climate change in many parts of the world. Previous research shows that many people who have experienced flooding exhibit a greater preparedness to act on climate change, especially when the experience relates to more pronounced emotional responses. However, this research has mainly focused on general negative emotional reactions to flooding. Here, we re-analysed a large UK survey dataset (N = 1997) using mixed-methods to examine discrete emotional responses to flooding, including positive emotions, and their relationship with environmental intentions and policy support. Whilst anxiety, anger, helplessness, and distress, dominate people’s experience, positive emotions were also reported as significantly higher in our flooded group, particularly gratitude and pride in response to the receipt of external and community support; surprise was also observed. Thematic analysis highlighted perceived impacts of flooding, and the experience of positive support, as being key to alleviating distress and anxiety, as well as promoting subsequent positive long-term actions to reduce flooding. Notably indirect experience of flooding was also impactful with a range of emotional responses also reported by observers. Regression analysis indicated that higher levels of anxiety, distress, and gratitude were associated with greater intentions to act environmentally in the future (alongside greater levels of anger and lower levels of indifference), and to support for environmental policies (alongside greater levels of sympathy). We suggest that the provision of support following flooding may promote considerations of morality and climate change and increase the likelihood (of both recipients and observers) to undertake pro social and pro-environmental behaviour themselves in the future.
{"title":"The emotional depth of flood experience: the role of positive emotions in shaping perceptions and action on climate change","authors":"Alexa Spence , Charles Ogunbode , Christina Demski , Stuart Capstick","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flooding is an ongoing and predicted impact of climate change in many parts of the world. Previous research shows that many people who have experienced flooding exhibit a greater preparedness to act on climate change, especially when the experience relates to more pronounced emotional responses. However, this research has mainly focused on general negative emotional reactions to flooding. Here, we re-analysed a large UK survey dataset (<em>N</em> = 1997) using mixed-methods to examine discrete emotional responses to flooding, including positive emotions, and their relationship with environmental intentions and policy support. Whilst anxiety, anger, helplessness, and distress, dominate people’s experience, positive emotions were also reported as significantly higher in our flooded group, particularly gratitude and pride in response to the receipt of external and community support; surprise was also observed. Thematic analysis highlighted perceived impacts of flooding, and the experience of positive support, as being key to alleviating distress and anxiety, as well as promoting subsequent positive long-term actions to reduce flooding. Notably indirect experience of flooding was also impactful with a range of emotional responses also reported by observers. Regression analysis indicated that higher levels of anxiety, distress, and gratitude were associated with greater intentions to act environmentally in the future (alongside greater levels of anger and lower levels of indifference), and to support for environmental policies (alongside greater levels of sympathy). We suggest that the provision of support following flooding may promote considerations of morality and climate change and increase the likelihood (of both recipients and observers) to undertake pro social and pro-environmental behaviour themselves in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100219
Stephen Foster , Pelin Gül
Flu vaccine uptake is an important public health behavior which contributes to decreased flu mortality and less severe flu symptoms. Despite its proven potential for protecting vulnerable populations, many individuals do not get the flu vaccine due to beliefs or perception that they are invulnerable to the flu. The current research explored whether this perception and its subsequent impact on decreased flu vaccine uptake, may be more prevalent in cultures of honor, where maintaining a reputation of strength and resilience is encouraged. The study also explored if these effects replicate across two different honor cultures (southern United States and Turkey). Results showed that individual-level honor endorsement was linked with perceived invulnerability to the flu in both the U.S. and Turkey but while this was linked to decreased vaccine uptake in the U.S., it was linked with increased uptake in Turkey (Studies 1 and 2). Finally, a regional comparison in the U.S. showed that higher flu mortality in a U.S. honor region was explained by lower rates of flu vaccine uptake in the region (Study 3). Findings suggest that while honor facilitates decreased vaccine uptake among Americans because they perceive themselves strong and invulnerable to flu, it could actually increase uptake in cultures where honor is expressed as protecting one's family.
{"title":"Differential effects of honor ideology on flu vaccine uptake in the United States and Turkey","authors":"Stephen Foster , Pelin Gül","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flu vaccine uptake is an important public health behavior which contributes to decreased flu mortality and less severe flu symptoms. Despite its proven potential for protecting vulnerable populations, many individuals do not get the flu vaccine due to beliefs or perception that they are invulnerable to the flu. The current research explored whether this perception and its subsequent impact on decreased flu vaccine uptake, may be more prevalent in cultures of honor, where maintaining a reputation of strength and resilience is encouraged. The study also explored if these effects replicate across two different honor cultures (southern United States and Turkey). Results showed that individual-level honor endorsement was linked with perceived invulnerability to the flu in both the U.S. and Turkey but while this was linked to decreased vaccine uptake in the U.S., it was linked with increased uptake in Turkey (Studies 1 and 2). Finally, a regional comparison in the U.S. showed that higher flu mortality in a U.S. honor region was explained by lower rates of flu vaccine uptake in the region (Study 3). Findings suggest that while honor facilitates decreased vaccine uptake among Americans because they perceive themselves strong and invulnerable to flu, it could actually increase uptake in cultures where honor is expressed as protecting one's family.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100246
Liam McClain , Adam R. Kenny
The rice theory of culture posits that cultures that have traditionally subsisted on paddy rice have become more collectivistic than those that have traditionally farmed other crops or survived on other modes of subsistence. Using up to 4,185 self-report responses from the 2006 Japanese General Social Survey, we analyzed whether historical variation in rice farming predicts modern-day psychological variation in Japan. Several surveyed attitudes were selected based on their relation to psychological traits known to vary between individualists and collectivists, as well as between normatively tight and loose cultures. We tested whether (i) the extent to which a prefecture has traditionally farmed rice and (ii) the duration of time for which rice has been farmed in a prefecture predict how collectivistic or normative its modern-day residents are. Overall, we find no evidence that regional variation in self-reported collectivism and normative tightness are tied to variation in past rice farming. We also find little support for an association between historical rice farming practices and two behaviours — blood donations and patent registrations — used to assess collectivism–individualism in other contexts.
{"title":"The origins of collectivistic and normative psychological variation: Testing the rice theory of culture in Japan","authors":"Liam McClain , Adam R. Kenny","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rice theory of culture posits that cultures that have traditionally subsisted on paddy rice have become more collectivistic than those that have traditionally farmed other crops or survived on other modes of subsistence. Using up to 4,185 self-report responses from the 2006 Japanese General Social Survey, we analyzed whether historical variation in rice farming predicts modern-day psychological variation in Japan. Several surveyed attitudes were selected based on their relation to psychological traits known to vary between individualists and collectivists, as well as between normatively tight and loose cultures. We tested whether (i) the extent to which a prefecture has traditionally farmed rice and (ii) the duration of time for which rice has been farmed in a prefecture predict how collectivistic or normative its modern-day residents are. Overall, we find no evidence that regional variation in self-reported collectivism and normative tightness are tied to variation in past rice farming. We also find little support for an association between historical rice farming practices and two behaviours — blood donations and patent registrations — used to assess collectivism–individualism in other contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100233
Hossein Samani , Mohammad Parsanasab , Nicolas Baumard
Previous research has highlighted a historical rise in the prominence of romantic love, as reflected in literary fiction across various cultures. In this study, we examined this trend within Persian literature, distinguished by its remarkable continuity and renowned medieval works. Utilizing a newly developed database of Persian narratives spanning from the 10th century to the early 20th century CE, we quantified the significance of love in these stories using GPT language models. We validated our methodology through three procedures: using a dataset of Iranian movies (N = 3532), comparing GPT's scores with labels provided by Persian literary scholars, and comparing those with human annotations. We conducted analysis on a corpus of Persian stories (N = 4662). Our findings reveal an increasing emphasis on romantic love over time, with evidence suggesting that economic development may have influenced preferences for love themes, particularly during the Safavid era (1501–1736). These results invite future research to investigate whether this trend reflects broader psychological shifts associated with modernization.
{"title":"The historical psychology of romantic love in Persia in the very long run (900 - 1920)","authors":"Hossein Samani , Mohammad Parsanasab , Nicolas Baumard","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has highlighted a historical rise in the prominence of romantic love, as reflected in literary fiction across various cultures. In this study, we examined this trend within Persian literature, distinguished by its remarkable continuity and renowned medieval works. Utilizing a newly developed database of Persian narratives spanning from the 10th century to the early 20th century CE, we quantified the significance of love in these stories using GPT language models. We validated our methodology through three procedures: using a dataset of Iranian movies (<em>N</em> = 3532), comparing GPT's scores with labels provided by Persian literary scholars, and comparing those with human annotations. We conducted analysis on a corpus of Persian stories (<em>N</em> = 4662). Our findings reveal an increasing emphasis on romantic love over time, with evidence suggesting that economic development may have influenced preferences for love themes, particularly during the Safavid era (1501–1736). These results invite future research to investigate whether this trend reflects broader psychological shifts associated with modernization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100215
Yuta Chishima , Masato Nagamine
A Temporal landmark refers to any distinct event that stands out from the mundane routine of daily life, encompassing yearly milestones or significant life events. Previous research has exhibited that the induction of salient temporal landmarks fosters self-dissimilarity and goal motivation. In this study, we conducted an online experiment at the end of the year, comparing the effects of temporal landmark induction between start (New Year's Day) and end (New Year's Eve) temporal landmarks. Japanese participants (N = 457) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: salient start, salient end, non-salient start, or non-salient end. The induction of the temporal landmark engendered heightened perceptions of the landmark as a meaningful milestone and increased participants’ sense of self-dissimilarity in the upcoming year. These results were observed regardless of whether it was a start or end landmark. Differences in methodology and the cultural background of the participants were discussed to comprehend the obtained results.
{"title":"Effects of start vs. end temporal landmarks on self-dissimilarity and goal motivation","authors":"Yuta Chishima , Masato Nagamine","doi":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Temporal landmark refers to any distinct event that stands out from the mundane routine of daily life, encompassing yearly milestones or significant life events. Previous research has exhibited that the induction of salient temporal landmarks fosters self-dissimilarity and goal motivation. In this study, we conducted an online experiment at the end of the year, comparing the effects of temporal landmark induction between start (New Year's Day) and end (New Year's Eve) temporal landmarks. Japanese participants (<em>N</em> = 457) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: salient start, salient end, non-salient start, or non-salient end. The induction of the temporal landmark engendered heightened perceptions of the landmark as a meaningful milestone and increased participants’ sense of self-dissimilarity in the upcoming year. These results were observed regardless of whether it was a start or end landmark. Differences in methodology and the cultural background of the participants were discussed to comprehend the obtained results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72748,"journal":{"name":"Current research in ecological and social psychology","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100243
Paula M. Niedenthal, Sophie Wohltjen
Cultures change, but new cultural systems and practices also emerge over history. The socio-ecological factors that exert pressure on human values and practices to evolve in dynamic ways are numerous. We examine the evolution of culture due to conditions created by long-history migration. The populations of today’s countries and other geographic regions have descended from an uneven influx of people from different cultural and linguistic traditions. We suggest that the challenges of social living in contexts of historic intergroup mingling over long timescales, which include social unpredictability, linguistic variability, and a collision of conflicting social norms, constitute contexts that encourage cultural evolution. We show that societies of high ancestral diversity are marked by social unpredictability in that they involve greater relational mobility and normative looseness than societies of low ancestral diversity. In these contexts, outgroup attitudes are somewhat more sanguine, and perhaps consequently, people are more open to new experiences and relationships. To manage this social complexity, we show that cultures of emotion that emerge in ancestrally diverse societies involve 1) emotional expressiveness and 2) expressive accuracy, 3) the frequent use of smiles potentially to communicate preferences and establish trust, and 4) regular exercise of the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to support a high level of non-verbal communication and informational exchange. We also present evidence to motivate the hypothesis that languages evolve in predictable ways in ancestrally diverse societies. Specifically, features of language that facilitate language acquisition by adult learners, such as compressibility, should become more common in ancestrally diverse contexts. We end by raising questions about the time course for the of cultural evolution of emotion practices and the effects of power dynamics between interacting groups on the content of new cultural practices.
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