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Don’t let MI be misunderstood: A causal view on measurement invariance 不要让MI被误解:关于测量不变性的因果观点
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100261
Philipp Sterner , Florian Pargent , David Goretzko
Measurement invariance (MI) is often treated as a statistical prerequisite for meaningful comparisons of constructs across groups or time points. However, this perspective overlooks the substantive implications (a lack of) MI can have for psychological theories of constructs. In this paper, we frame MI as a causal concept with theoretical significance. We present a causal framework based on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that allows researchers to reason about potential causes of non-invariance and include them in their modeling strategy. We argue that non-invariance should not be seen as prohibitive for further exploration and analyses but as an opportunity to generate new insights about constructs and their measurement. That is, under non-invariance, data need a different treatment than simply comparing means between groups and causal reasoning can guide researchers in this regard. We demonstrate the opportunities of the causal framework through an application to the cross-sectional study of acquiescent response style. We further discuss an extension of the causal framework to longitudinal designs. When investigating the invariance of measurements over time, the framework can help to take into account expected or desired non-invariance; for example, when constructs evolve over time or when interventions change measurement models. By showing that MI has substantive theoretical implications, we bridge the gap between methodological rigor and applied research reality.
测量不变性(MI)通常被视为跨组或跨时间点结构进行有意义比较的统计先决条件。然而,这种观点忽略了MI对构念心理学理论的实质性影响(缺乏)。在本文中,我们将MI定义为一个具有理论意义的因果概念。我们提出了一个基于有向无环图(dag)的因果框架,该框架允许研究人员推断非不变性的潜在原因,并将其纳入建模策略。我们认为,非不变性不应该被视为禁止进一步的探索和分析,而是作为一个机会,以产生新的见解关于结构和他们的测量。也就是说,在非不变条件下,数据需要不同于简单的组间均值比较的处理方式,而因果推理可以在这方面指导研究者。我们通过应用于默认反应风格的横断面研究来证明因果框架的机会。我们进一步讨论了纵向设计因果框架的扩展。当研究测量随时间的不变性时,框架可以帮助考虑预期的或期望的非不变性;例如,当结构随着时间的推移而演变,或者当干预措施改变测量模型时。通过表明人工智能具有实质性的理论意义,我们弥合了方法严谨性和应用研究现实之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
Repairing clothes and feeling good: Do positive emotions influence sustainable clothing behaviors? 修补衣服和感觉良好:积极情绪会影响可持续的服装行为吗?
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2026.100264
Linli Zhou, Anna Bosshard, Disa Sauter, Cameron Brick
There is growing interest in the possibility of harnessing positive emotional experiences associated with acting sustainably in order to reinforce pro-environmental behaviors. However, most research to date has been based on cross-sectional data or hypothetical scenarios. We conducted a pre-registered longitudinal intervention study relating positive emotions (feeling happy, satisfied, and good) to real-life clothing-related behaviors (repair, acquisition, and disposal). We also measured boredom and frustration, as they may reduce sustainable clothing-related behaviors. 62 participants attended a hands-on clothing repair workshop; 51 others in a control group did not. Across both groups, individuals who anticipated more positive emotions from repairing clothes reported higher repair intentions after the intervention period and four weeks later. In the workshop group, anticipated positive emotions also predicted more repair behaviors four weeks later. In addition, people who experienced more positive emotions from participating in the workshop reported higher repair intentions immediately afterwards and four weeks later. Regarding negative emotions, anticipated boredom reduced repair intentions over time in both groups, and experienced boredom was associated with fewer repairs four weeks later in the workshop group. No significant effects were observed for frustration. Overall, repair intentions increased over time, but several behavioral outcomes did not change (e.g., clothing acquisition). This finding emphasizes the need to measure real-life behaviors rather than only intentions. These data demonstrate that positive emotions are associated with sustainable clothing behaviors over time. Such skilled-based group interventions could potentially help combat the negative impact of the fast fashion industry on climate change.
人们越来越关注利用与可持续行动相关的积极情绪体验的可能性,以加强亲环境行为。然而,迄今为止的大多数研究都是基于横断面数据或假设情景。我们进行了一项预先注册的纵向干预研究,将积极情绪(感到快乐、满意和良好)与现实生活中的服装相关行为(修理、购买和处置)联系起来。我们还测量了无聊和沮丧,因为它们可能会减少与服装相关的可持续行为。62名参加者参加了动手修衣工作坊;对照组的51人则没有。在两组中,预期从修补衣服中获得更多积极情绪的人在干预期和四周后都报告了更高的修补意愿。在工作组中,预期的积极情绪也预示着四周后更多的修复行为。此外,那些在参加研讨会后经历了更多积极情绪的人在之后和四周后都报告了更高的修理意愿。在消极情绪方面,预期无聊会降低两组的维修意愿,而在四周后的工作坊组中,体验无聊会减少维修。没有观察到挫折的显著影响。总体而言,修复意图随着时间的推移而增加,但一些行为结果没有改变(例如,购买衣服)。这一发现强调了衡量现实生活行为而不仅仅是意图的必要性。这些数据表明,随着时间的推移,积极情绪与可持续的着装行为有关。这种基于技能的群体干预可能有助于对抗快时尚产业对气候变化的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Using invariance testing to study religiosity: A within culture comparison of the bases of religiosity 用不变性检验研究宗教信仰:宗教信仰基础的文化内部比较
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100260
Larissa Hartle , Giovanna Bortolini , Everton Maraldi , Ronald Fischer
We test Saroglou’s four-dimensional framework of religiosity in Brazil. The presence of religious traditions that vary in their formalization of institutional structures offers an important context for testing the scale. Using recent advances in invariance testing, we conducted two studies (total N = 3091) with adherents from five religious groupings as well as spiritual but not religious individuals compared to non-religious individuals. Overall, the four-factor scale showed good psychometric properties in the total sample. However, for followers of Afro-Brazilian religions as an example of non-institutionalized traditions a simpler single-factor structure was found. We obtained partial scalar invariance across a subset of religious groups. Explorations of the noninvariant item intercepts suggested that some items carried group-specific interpretations, especially those related to ritual practices and emotional experiences (Bonding dimension). Latent means were overall highest for Believing and lowest for Belonging, with Evangelicals scoring highest on all dimensions. Both the invariance and latent mean patterns were replicated and further differentiated in a replication study. Our study demonstrates the utility of within-cultural invariance analysis and highlights the importance of statistical replications for exploring cognitive dimensions underlying survey responses. Considering bases of religiosity, our invariance results suggest both a shared cognitive structure of religiosity and group-specific interpretations of motivations around ritual practices and emotions across religions varying in their level of institutionalization.
我们在巴西测试了Saroglou的宗教信仰四维框架。宗教传统的存在在其制度结构的形式化方面各不相同,为测试规模提供了一个重要的背景。利用最新的不变性检验,我们进行了两项研究(总N = 3091),研究对象是来自五个宗教团体的信徒,以及有宗教信仰但不信教的个体与不信教的个体进行了比较。总体而言,四因子量表在总样本中显示出良好的心理测量特性。然而,对于非制度化传统的非巴西裔宗教的追随者来说,发现了一个更简单的单因素结构。我们得到了一组宗教群体的部分标量不变性。对非不变项目拦截的探索表明,一些项目具有群体特定的解释,特别是那些与仪式实践和情感体验相关的项目(结合维度)。总体而言,“信仰”的潜在均值最高,“归属感”的潜在均值最低,福音派在所有维度上都得分最高。在重复研究中,不变性和潜在平均模式都被复制并进一步分化。我们的研究证明了文化内不变性分析的效用,并强调了统计重复对于探索调查反应背后的认知维度的重要性。考虑到宗教信仰的基础,我们的不变性结果表明,宗教信仰的共同认知结构和群体对宗教仪式和情感动机的特定解释在其制度化水平上有所不同。
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引用次数: 0
Subjective norms and pro-environmental behavior: The role of environmental awareness and self-efficacy 主观规范与亲环境行为:环境意识和自我效能感的作用
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2026.100263
Nejc Plohl , Karin Bakračevič , Bojan Musil , Minea Rutar , Sara Tement , Marina Horvat
Climate change is among the leading global concerns and tackling it will require significant changes on various levels of society, including the individual level, where a better understanding of the factors influencing individuals’ pro-environmental behavior (PEB) is needed. Motivated by limited research on integrated models that involve mechanisms and boundary conditions, we explored the complex relationships among subjective norms, environmental awareness, environmental self-efficacy, and PEB through a moderated mediation model. The study was conducted through an online survey of 447 Slovene students and 680 Slovene employees (overall N = 1127). We found that subjective norms, environmental awareness, and self-efficacy positively predicted PEB. Moreover, environmental awareness partially mediated the association between subjective norms and PEB, whereas environmental self-efficacy did not significantly moderate these associations. Our study offers valuable insights into determinants of pro-environmental behavior by highlighting the important role of subjective norms, environmental awareness, and self-efficacy. It also contributes to a better understanding of the intricate dynamics underlying PEB by pointing out that environmental awareness helps translate perceived social pressures into personal action. These findings may inform future interventions aimed at promoting environmentally responsible behavior.
气候变化是全球关注的主要问题之一,解决这一问题需要在社会各个层面,包括个人层面进行重大变革,需要更好地了解影响个人亲环境行为的因素。由于涉及机制和边界条件的综合模型研究有限,我们通过一个有调节的中介模型探讨了主观规范、环境意识、环境自我效能和环境行为行为之间的复杂关系。这项研究是通过对447名斯洛文尼亚学生和680名斯洛文尼亚员工(总N = 1127)的在线调查进行的。我们发现主观规范、环境意识和自我效能正向预测PEB。此外,环境意识在主观规范与环境行为的关系中起部分中介作用,而环境自我效能对这种关系没有显著调节作用。我们的研究通过强调主观规范、环境意识和自我效能的重要作用,为亲环境行为的决定因素提供了有价值的见解。它还指出,环境意识有助于将感知到的社会压力转化为个人行动,从而有助于更好地理解PEB背后复杂的动态。这些发现可能为未来旨在促进对环境负责的行为的干预提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
On the defensive: reactance and trustworthiness in processing written information about climate change 守势:处理有关气候变化的书面信息的抗拒性和可信度
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2026.100262
Laura Bilfinger , Benjamin Brummernhenrich , Regina Jucks
Communicating concrete solutions can help mitigate climate change. However, such messaging may trigger psychological reactance if recipients perceive their autonomy threatened. This might impact trustworthiness perceptions of different information sources. Using a 2 × 2 experimental design, we examined how information source (climate scientist vs. activist) and type of appeal (individual vs. policy) affect reactance and trustworthiness perceptions in a written text on sustainability in the transport sector. Dependent measures were individuals’ psychological reactance and evaluation of epistemic trustworthiness. Findings indicate that climate scientists were perceived as more competent but not as having more integrity or being more benevolent. Communicating individual-level solutions led to higher perceived freedom threat and higher psychological reactance. Exploratory evidence indicates that perceived freedom threat and psychological reactance serially mediate the relationship between type of appeal and epistemic trustworthiness. Theoretical and practical implications for processing written climate change information in science communication and education are discussed.
交流具体的解决方案有助于减缓气候变化。然而,如果接受者认为他们的自主权受到威胁,这种信息可能会引发心理上的抵触。这可能会影响对不同信息源的可信度认知。使用2 × 2实验设计,我们研究了信息来源(气候科学家vs.活动家)和吸引力类型(个人vs.政策)如何影响交通部门可持续性书面文本中的抗拒和可信度感知。依赖测量是个体的心理抗拒和认知可信度评价。研究结果表明,人们认为气候科学家更有能力,但并不认为他们更正直或更仁慈。沟通个人层面的解决方案导致更高的感知自由威胁和更高的心理抗拒。探索性证据表明,感知自由威胁和心理抗拒依次中介了吸引力类型与认知可信度之间的关系。讨论了在科学传播和教育中处理书面气候变化信息的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
Nature’s value associated with traditional worldviews: psychological validation of relational, intrinsic, and instrumental dimensions in Japan 与传统世界观相关的自然价值:日本关系、内在和工具维度的心理验证
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100259
Wakaba Tateishi , Yo Nakawake , Shuhei Fujii , Shota Shibasaki , Ryosuke Nakadai
Understanding how people perceive the value of nature is essential for protecting nature. Previous studies have proposed three types of nature’s value: instrumental, intrinsic, and relational. Relational value refers to the perceived appropriateness of the relationship individuals maintain with nature. Although relational values have been discussed in the context of traditional worldviews, empirical research examining the associations among the three types of nature's values and traditional beliefs remains limited. This study investigated the connections between perceptions of nature’s value and traditional religious-oriented worldviews, including animism and anthropocentrism. To explore whether the three types of nature’s value are applicable in a non-Western context, we conducted a preregistered online survey with 745 Japanese participants. Our findings indicate that (i) relational value is linked to traditional religious-oriented worldviews; (ii) relational value shows a strong association with scales measuring human-nature relationships; and (iii) the distinctions among instrumental, intrinsic, and relational values extend beyond Western contexts. These results support the conceptual and construct validity of the three types of nature’s value and offer deeper insights into the diverse ways individuals relate to nature.
了解人们如何看待自然的价值对保护自然至关重要。先前的研究提出了三种类型的自然价值:工具价值、内在价值和关系价值。关系价值是指个体与自然保持关系的感知适当性。尽管在传统世界观的背景下已经讨论了关系价值,但检验三种类型的自然价值与传统信仰之间联系的实证研究仍然有限。本研究调查了对自然价值的认知与传统宗教导向的世界观之间的联系,包括万物有灵论和人类中心主义。为了探索这三种类型的自然价值是否适用于非西方环境,我们对745名日本参与者进行了一项预先注册的在线调查。我们的研究结果表明:(1)关系价值与传统的宗教取向世界观有关;(ii)关系值与衡量人与自然关系的尺度有很强的关联性;(iii)工具价值、内在价值和关系价值之间的区别超越了西方语境。这些结果支持了三种类型的自然价值的概念和结构有效性,并为个体与自然的不同方式提供了更深入的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring generalizability from the bottom up: Applying DTS to demonstrate an item-level approach to personality assessment 从下到上探索普遍性:应用DTS来展示项目级人格评估方法
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100256
Kendall Mather , Sara J. Weston , David M. Condon
Evidence for measurement invariance across groups is regarded as a prerequisite for administering a personality measure in diverse samples and an important criterion for generalizability. However, popular statistical techniques for establishing measurement invariance focus predominantly on broad, scale-level constructs, and there is growing recognition among personality psychologists of the value of item-level assessment. This poses a challenge: while the higher degree of precision offered by more narrowly defined constructs can be beneficial for advancing our scientific understanding of topics studied in personality psychology, it can come at the expense of conducting culturally diverse and inclusive studies. This paper explores the role of measurement invariance evidence in studies that focus on narrower personality constructs––particularly at the item-level––using a sample from the Synthetic Aperture Personality Assessment (SAPA) project consisting of participants (N = 1025,954) residing in 13 culturally and geographically diverse nations. We address the overall lack of available statistical techniques for addressing invariance-related questions at the item-level and demonstrate an approach that compares the item-level empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDFs) of two groups using 2623 items from the International Personality item Pool (IPIP). Findings point to nations and items with the most significant differences in ECDFs, which may reflect true cultural differences or potential psychometric challenges. ECDF-based tests capture distribution-wide differences that similar, more standard tests cannot detect, making them potentially useful for addressing a variety of research questions.
跨群体测量不变性的证据被认为是在不同样本中管理人格测量的先决条件,也是通用性的重要标准。然而,建立测量不变性的流行统计技术主要集中在广泛的、量表水平的结构上,并且人格心理学家越来越认识到项目水平评估的价值。这就提出了一个挑战:虽然更狭义的构念所提供的更高的精确度有助于我们对人格心理学研究主题的科学理解,但它可能以进行文化多样性和包容性研究为代价。本文探讨了测量不变性证据在研究中所起的作用,这些研究关注的是较窄的人格结构——特别是在项目层面——使用了一个来自合成孔径人格评估(SAPA)项目的样本,该项目由居住在13个文化和地理上不同的国家的参与者(N = 1025,954)组成。我们解决了总体上缺乏可用的统计技术来解决项目层面的不变性相关问题,并展示了一种方法,该方法使用国际人格项目库(IPIP)中的2623个项目来比较两组的项目层面经验累积分布函数(ecdf)。研究结果指出,在ecdf中存在最显著差异的国家和项目,这可能反映了真正的文化差异或潜在的心理挑战。基于ecdf的测试捕获了分布范围内的差异,这是类似的、更标准的测试无法检测到的,这使得它们对于解决各种研究问题具有潜在的用处。
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引用次数: 0
Roma Eterna? Roman rule explains regional well-being divides in Germany 罗马绮年华?罗马统治解释了德国地区福利的差异
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100214
Martin Obschonka , Fabian Wahl , Michael Fritsch , Michael Wyrwich , P. Jason Rentfrow , Jeff Potter , Samuel D. Gosling
In light of persistent regional inequalities in adaptive outcomes such as health, well-being, and related personality traits, psychological research is increasingly adopting a historical perspective to understand the deeper roots of these patterns. In this study, we examine the role of ancient cultures, specifically the impact of Roman civilization around two thousand years ago, on the macro-psychological character of German regions. We compare present-day regions that were advanced by Roman culture with those that remained outside of Roman influence. Even when accounting for more recent historical factors, we find that regions developed by Roman civilization show more adaptive personality patterns (Big Five) and better health and psychological well-being today. Results from a spatial regression discontinuity design indicate a significant effect of the Roman border on present-day regional variation in these outcomes. Additional analyses suggest that Roman investments in economic institutions (e.g., trade infrastructure such as Roman roads, markets, and mines) were crucial in creating this long-term effect. Together, these results demonstrate how ancient cultures can imprint a macro-psychological legacy that contributes to present-day regional inequalities.
鉴于在健康、福祉和相关人格特征等适应性结果方面持续存在区域不平等,心理学研究越来越多地采用历史视角来理解这些模式的更深层次根源。在这项研究中,我们研究了古代文化的作用,特别是两千年前罗马文明对德国地区宏观心理特征的影响。我们将今天受罗马文化影响的地区与那些未受罗马影响的地区进行比较。即使考虑到更近的历史因素,我们发现罗马文明发展的地区今天表现出更多的适应性人格模式(大五种)和更好的健康和心理健康。空间回归不连续设计的结果表明,罗马边界对这些结果的当今区域变化有显著影响。其他分析表明,罗马人对经济机构(如罗马道路、市场和矿山等贸易基础设施)的投资对于创造这种长期效应至关重要。总之,这些结果表明,古代文化如何在宏观心理上留下印记,从而导致当今的地区不平等。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Introduction to the special issue on globalizing psychological science to include in the Middle East and Africa 社论:关于心理科学全球化的特刊导言,包括在中东和非洲
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2024.100208
S. Arzu Wasti , Othman Alkhadher , Moustapha Achoui , Michele J. Gelfand
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引用次数: 0
Cultural differences in perceptions of power: A cultural logics perspective 权力认知的文化差异:文化逻辑视角
IF 2.2 Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2025.100249
Saïd Shafa , Jennifer R. Overbeck , Yoshihisa Kashima
Cross-cultural research has long recognized the significance of power relations and their outcomes for social interactions, yet little empirical work has explored this important construct in the context of the Cultural Logics framework. This study examined cultural differences in perceptions of collaborative versus coercive theories of power among members of dignity (USA), face (China), and honor (Egypt) cultures and considered the role of cultural norms as well as subjective worldviews in predicting those perceptions. Results showed overall endorsement of a collaborative theory of power over a coercive theory of power across cultures. Yet, there were also cultural differences in people’s perception of power. Agreement with a collaborative theory of power over a coercive theory of power was most pronounced among Chinese respondents and less evident among Egyptian and American respondents. Mediation analyses showed that these differences were mainly accounted for through less dangerous worldviews, as well as stronger endorsement of face and honor norms. The study provides novel insights into the different ways in which cultural contexts shape individual worldviews that legitimize coercive versus collaborative pathways to power and influence. It further refines our understanding of cultural logics beyond self-worth implications, highlighting their relevance for navigating power hierarchies.
跨文化研究早就认识到权力关系及其结果对社会互动的重要性,但很少有实证工作在文化逻辑框架的背景下探讨这一重要结构。本研究考察了尊严文化(美国)、面子文化(中国)和荣誉文化(埃及)成员对合作与强制权力理论的认知差异,并考虑了文化规范和主观世界观在预测这些认知中的作用。结果显示,跨文化的合作权力理论比强制权力理论总体上得到认可。然而,人们对权力的看法也存在文化差异。与强制性权力理论相比,中国受访者对合作权力理论的认同最为明显,而埃及和美国受访者则不那么明显。中介分析表明,这些差异主要是通过不那么危险的世界观,以及对面子和荣誉规范的更强认可来解释的。该研究为文化背景塑造个人世界观的不同方式提供了新颖的见解,这些世界观使强制与合作的权力和影响力途径合法化。它进一步完善了我们对文化逻辑的理解,超越了自我价值的含义,强调了它们与导航权力等级的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
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Current research in ecological and social psychology
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