Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000211
Sarika Tiwari, T. Dhole
The Human echovirus 30 causes acute aseptic meningitis. Viral replication requires energy and macromolecular precursors derived from the metabolic network of the host cell. The effect of viral infection within a host cell metabolic activity remains unclear. To study an insight of cell-virus interaction during echovirus 30 infection we used human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. The new approach of metabolomics the 1H NMR was used to measure the level of various cellular metabolites at different times of infections and morphological examination of the cells. The 1H NMR metabolite spectrum signals were observed between uninfected and infected cells. Both uninfected and infected cells utilized the glucose through metabolic pathways and released the metabolic end products. After infection the concentration of Alanine, Lactate, Acetate, Glutamate, Tyrosine, Histidine, Phenylalanine, Creatine, Choline and Formate, were increased and all these augmented metabolites were decreased at the end of the infection. The cells showed wide-ranging lipid signals at the end of the infections, which correlates with the morphological changes as apoptosis of cells was observed. Progressive breakdown and utilization of all cellular components were observed as the infections were increased. This study is useful for monitoring the cellular metabolic changes during virus infection.
{"title":"Cellular Metabolomics of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell during Echovirus 30Infection","authors":"Sarika Tiwari, T. Dhole","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"The Human echovirus 30 causes acute aseptic meningitis. Viral replication requires energy and macromolecular precursors derived from the metabolic network of the host cell. The effect of viral infection within a host cell metabolic activity remains unclear. To study an insight of cell-virus interaction during echovirus 30 infection we used human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. The new approach of metabolomics the 1H NMR was used to measure the level of various cellular metabolites at different times of infections and morphological examination of the cells. The 1H NMR metabolite spectrum signals were observed between uninfected and infected cells. Both uninfected and infected cells utilized the glucose through metabolic pathways and released the metabolic end products. After infection the concentration of Alanine, Lactate, Acetate, Glutamate, Tyrosine, Histidine, Phenylalanine, Creatine, Choline and Formate, were increased and all these augmented metabolites were decreased at the end of the infection. The cells showed wide-ranging lipid signals at the end of the infections, which correlates with the morphological changes as apoptosis of cells was observed. Progressive breakdown and utilization of all cellular components were observed as the infections were increased. This study is useful for monitoring the cellular metabolic changes during virus infection.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83390726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000212
F. Deschamps, O. Laraqui, J. Deschamps, Yol, E. Geoffroy
Introduction: Influenza viruses are highly contagious. Frequently, new strains of influenza are identified. Influenza vaccination is the most effective way of influenza prevention. Numerous jobs experience a risk of occupational exposure to influenza; this may conduct to the transmission of the infection to other people and coworkers. The aim is to determine influenza vaccination rates and factors, which influence the vaccination decision regarding a working population exposed to variable contamination risks. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted during 2015-2016’s influenza vaccination campaign. The study concerns a representative sample of a population of 50,000 workers belonging to a large distribution of occupational branches. Workers were asked, during their occupational medical examination, to complete a brief questionnaire containing a list of reasons for either being vaccinated or not. The number of contacts with people during work, which is supposedly influencing the flu contamination, was also taken into account. Results: The annual influenza vaccination rate was quite low for all groups of workers. But the intention to receive vaccination was twice higher for the most exposed group, which may be subject to contamination during work. One of their most common reasons for not being vaccinated was to have a good health and not feeling concerned by flu. The main reason given about immunization against the flu was in order to avoid contamination by family or co-workers. Discussion: The low rate of flu vaccination indicated that most of workers were susceptible to infection. International data shows highly variable vaccination rates. The most important tool regarding the decision making of performing influenza vaccination could be related to internal and external communications. The low coverage achieved is an occupational and public health problem. This finding confirms the importance of a comprehensive approach towards the influenza vaccination, ensuring that workers are correctly informed about flu vaccine.
{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Flu Vaccination in a Working Population","authors":"F. Deschamps, O. Laraqui, J. Deschamps, Yol, E. Geoffroy","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000212","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Influenza viruses are highly contagious. Frequently, new strains of influenza are identified. Influenza vaccination is the most effective way of influenza prevention. Numerous jobs experience a risk of occupational exposure to influenza; this may conduct to the transmission of the infection to other people and coworkers. The aim is to determine influenza vaccination rates and factors, which influence the vaccination decision regarding a working population exposed to variable contamination risks. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted during 2015-2016’s influenza vaccination campaign. The study concerns a representative sample of a population of 50,000 workers belonging to a large distribution of occupational branches. Workers were asked, during their occupational medical examination, to complete a brief questionnaire containing a list of reasons for either being vaccinated or not. The number of contacts with people during work, which is supposedly influencing the flu contamination, was also taken into account. Results: The annual influenza vaccination rate was quite low for all groups of workers. But the intention to receive vaccination was twice higher for the most exposed group, which may be subject to contamination during work. One of their most common reasons for not being vaccinated was to have a good health and not feeling concerned by flu. The main reason given about immunization against the flu was in order to avoid contamination by family or co-workers. Discussion: The low rate of flu vaccination indicated that most of workers were susceptible to infection. International data shows highly variable vaccination rates. The most important tool regarding the decision making of performing influenza vaccination could be related to internal and external communications. The low coverage achieved is an occupational and public health problem. This finding confirms the importance of a comprehensive approach towards the influenza vaccination, ensuring that workers are correctly informed about flu vaccine.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"55 46 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80725881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000214
Arif Ahmad, M. Shahid, Mohammad Raish, S. Husain
Presently available methods for screening of mutation require florescent labeled probe/dye or electrophoresis or both that make these methods tedious, expensive and time consuming. Here we described a method of screening of mutation/SNP without need of probe/dye and electrophoresis. The technique requires only PCR product and spectrophotometer with peltier. We screened mutation by monitoring DNA melting profile and transition temperature of homoduplex and heteroduplex by recording absorbance of UV by melting duplex. Absorbance for each duplex was measured at 260 nm from 60°C to 85°C at an increment of 1°C temperature using spectrophotometer having peltier with a heating rate of 1°C /min. In the heteroduplex samples there is rapid increase in the absorbance of UV at transition temperatures of 70°C. While in homoduplex sample it is reached after 75°C. Mutation in the sample was detected by observing the decrease of transition temperature of heteroduplex samples compared to homoduplex.
{"title":"Screening of Mutations/SNPs through Spectrophotometric Melt-Curve Analysis: A Preliminary Study on Non-Electrophoretic and No-Dye Method of Mutation Detection","authors":"Arif Ahmad, M. Shahid, Mohammad Raish, S. Husain","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"Presently available methods for screening of mutation require florescent labeled probe/dye or electrophoresis or both that make these methods tedious, expensive and time consuming. Here we described a method of screening of mutation/SNP without need of probe/dye and electrophoresis. The technique requires only PCR product and spectrophotometer with peltier. We screened mutation by monitoring DNA melting profile and transition temperature of homoduplex and heteroduplex by recording absorbance of UV by melting duplex. Absorbance for each duplex was measured at 260 nm from 60°C to 85°C at an increment of 1°C temperature using spectrophotometer having peltier with a heating rate of 1°C /min. In the heteroduplex samples there is rapid increase in the absorbance of UV at transition temperatures of 70°C. While in homoduplex sample it is reached after 75°C. Mutation in the sample was detected by observing the decrease of transition temperature of heteroduplex samples compared to homoduplex.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78069827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000209
P. Puthanveetil
In North America and globally, 1 out of 10 people suffer from orphan/rare diseases. Among these patients which are mostly children, 30% of the children die within the first decade. According to National Organization for Rare Disease database (NORD), there are around approximately 7000 rare diseases (https://rarediseases.org). This view point would definitely shed light into the importance of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities that co-exist with a rare disease. Some of the rare diseases which have been shown to be accompanied by metabolic abnormalities include Bartter’s syndrome, Schindler disease, Incontinentia Pigmenti, Cystinosis, Marfan disease and Wolff Parkinson White syndrome. This article will specially focus on the cardiovascular complicationWPW syndrome.
{"title":"Overlapping Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunction during Wolff ParkinsonWhite Syndrome: A Cause or Consequence?","authors":"P. Puthanveetil","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"In North America and globally, 1 out of 10 people suffer from orphan/rare diseases. Among these patients which are mostly children, 30% of the children die within the first decade. According to National Organization for Rare Disease database (NORD), there are around approximately 7000 rare diseases (https://rarediseases.org). This view point would definitely shed light into the importance of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities that co-exist with a rare disease. Some of the rare diseases which have been shown to be accompanied by metabolic abnormalities include Bartter’s syndrome, Schindler disease, Incontinentia Pigmenti, Cystinosis, Marfan disease and Wolff Parkinson White syndrome. This article will specially focus on the cardiovascular complicationWPW syndrome.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74770346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000208
S. Azin
The accelerating progress of Genetics and its wondrous practical benefits has surprised ethical and legal experts. This time, physical sciences surpass ethical and legal considerations and pioneers of genetic evolution all over the world; feel less concern about moral judgments. In this lecture, I suggest a criterion for monitoring genetic prenatal interventions which evaluates morality and legitimacy of what human does contrary to natural phenomenon of gestation. I call it “Random Human Nature Principle”. The principle is supported by at least three ethical milestones. First basis is prohibition of decision making instead of fetus. Fetus, though at least in its first stages of development, lacks enough capacity to be counted as human, has enough respect to have right of life. This involves the right to be born and there is no doubt that we shall let the near future baby decide him/herself about the physical and mental characteristics and other than the sole exception named below, there is no emergency condition for others’ intervention. So, there is no authority for others to impose their wish to future baby by means of “discretion justifications”. Second basis is forbiddance of human instrumentalism. To promote human features like intelligence or height reduces human position to a product which we intend to create as well as possible. The third milestone is considering human variety as gift rather than defect. Building a society consisting of people with identical physical and mental properties, will lead to social stagnation and deprives humankind of opportunities which are provided due to human natural diversity. This differentiation is required to develop a civilization and should not be noticed as a privilege-defect confrontation. Finally, there is a key concept in determining borders of this principle application: “Genetic disease or disorder”. This shall be the sole exception regarding accurate calculation of its boundaries.
{"title":"Legal and Ethical Milestones of \"Random Human Nature\" Principle","authors":"S. Azin","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerating progress of Genetics and its wondrous practical benefits has surprised ethical and legal experts. This time, physical sciences surpass ethical and legal considerations and pioneers of genetic evolution all over the world; feel less concern about moral judgments. In this lecture, I suggest a criterion for monitoring genetic prenatal interventions which evaluates morality and legitimacy of what human does contrary to natural phenomenon of gestation. I call it “Random Human Nature Principle”. The principle is supported by at least three ethical milestones. First basis is prohibition of decision making instead of fetus. Fetus, though at least in its first stages of development, lacks enough capacity to be counted as human, has enough respect to have right of life. This involves the right to be born and there is no doubt that we shall let the near future baby decide him/herself about the physical and mental characteristics and other than the sole exception named below, there is no emergency condition for others’ intervention. So, there is no authority for others to impose their wish to future baby by means of “discretion justifications”. Second basis is forbiddance of human instrumentalism. To promote human features like intelligence or height reduces human position to a product which we intend to create as well as possible. The third milestone is considering human variety as gift rather than defect. Building a society consisting of people with identical physical and mental properties, will lead to social stagnation and deprives humankind of opportunities which are provided due to human natural diversity. This differentiation is required to develop a civilization and should not be noticed as a privilege-defect confrontation. Finally, there is a key concept in determining borders of this principle application: “Genetic disease or disorder”. This shall be the sole exception regarding accurate calculation of its boundaries.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84269957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-27DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000207
G. El-Saeed, Gamal Y Aboraia, R. Noreldin, Ayman Alghoraieb
Chronic hepatitis C is a global health problem; most patients are at risk for developing fibrosis and cirrhosis. Histological examination of liver biopsies is currently the gold standard for the detection of early liver damage, but there is a strong need for better noninvasive methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum osteopontin (OPN) level, serum cytokeratin 18 M30 (CK-18 M30) neoepitope level and the histological severity of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced patients. Subjects and methods: This study included 89 subjects, 70 with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, they were classified into 2 groups according to METAVIR fibrosis stage as follows: group I (stage 2 or less was considered as mild liver fibrosis) included 50 patient, group II (stage 3 or more was considered as extensive fibrosis) included 20 patients and 19 healthy matched age and gender as a control group. All subjects were submitted to the following: Through history taking, complete clinical examination, and serum concentrations of osteopontin and cytokeratin 18 M30 neoepitope were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that there were high significant differences of OPN and CK-18 M30 between patients and control (P<0.001). There was a high significant difference of OPN (P<0.001) and a significant difference of CK-18 M30 (P=0.02) when compared between mild fibrosis and extensive fibrosis groups. There was a high significant correlation of serum OPN concentrations with severity of liver fibrosis degree (r=0.75, P<0.001), while the serum CK-18 M30 concentrations showed a significant correlation (r=0.33, P=0.005). In ROC curve serum OPN at the cut-off point of 3.1 ng/ml could discriminate mild from extensive fibrosis with sensitivity of 95%, serum CK-18 M30 at the cut-off point of 293 ng/ml could discriminate mild from extensive fibrosis with sensitivity of 70%. Finally from obtained study, results showed that serum OPN levels was better than CK-18 M30 in identification the degree of hepatic fibrosis and could be used as a biomarker to assess the stage of fibrosis in HCV patients which would help to reduce the number of liver biopsies.
{"title":"Serum Osteopontin and Cytokeratin-18 in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients","authors":"G. El-Saeed, Gamal Y Aboraia, R. Noreldin, Ayman Alghoraieb","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic hepatitis C is a global health problem; most patients are at risk for developing fibrosis and cirrhosis. Histological examination of liver biopsies is currently the gold standard for the detection of early liver damage, but there is a strong need for better noninvasive methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum osteopontin (OPN) level, serum cytokeratin 18 M30 (CK-18 M30) neoepitope level and the histological severity of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced patients. Subjects and methods: This study included 89 subjects, 70 with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, they were classified into 2 groups according to METAVIR fibrosis stage as follows: group I (stage 2 or less was considered as mild liver fibrosis) included 50 patient, group II (stage 3 or more was considered as extensive fibrosis) included 20 patients and 19 healthy matched age and gender as a control group. All subjects were submitted to the following: Through history taking, complete clinical examination, and serum concentrations of osteopontin and cytokeratin 18 M30 neoepitope were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that there were high significant differences of OPN and CK-18 M30 between patients and control (P<0.001). There was a high significant difference of OPN (P<0.001) and a significant difference of CK-18 M30 (P=0.02) when compared between mild fibrosis and extensive fibrosis groups. There was a high significant correlation of serum OPN concentrations with severity of liver fibrosis degree (r=0.75, P<0.001), while the serum CK-18 M30 concentrations showed a significant correlation (r=0.33, P=0.005). In ROC curve serum OPN at the cut-off point of 3.1 ng/ml could discriminate mild from extensive fibrosis with sensitivity of 95%, serum CK-18 M30 at the cut-off point of 293 ng/ml could discriminate mild from extensive fibrosis with sensitivity of 70%. Finally from obtained study, results showed that serum OPN levels was better than CK-18 M30 in identification the degree of hepatic fibrosis and could be used as a biomarker to assess the stage of fibrosis in HCV patients which would help to reduce the number of liver biopsies.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"86 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84541097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-23DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000205
Alex, E. Giessler
{"title":"Commentary on Psilocybe cyanescens","authors":"Alex, E. Giessler","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"292 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75192751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-22DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000206
A. Rathi, G. Meena
Even after introducing the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) three decades ago, India is still far from achieving the target 4 of Millennium Development Goals. The target is to reduce the under-five mortality by twothirds by 2015 end but India still hasn’t achieved that. Undoubtedly, raising the immunization coverage will contribute towards bringing down the mortality rate of children. This short commentary tries to throw light on the various demand and supply side factors that play a role in determining the immunization. The factors influencing immunization are education level of parents, socio-economic status, family structure, family size, immunization card, migrant population, healthcare delivery service quality, institutional deliveries, tetanus immunization of expectant mothers, contraception use, supply of vaccines and motivation of healthcare personals providing vaccination services.
{"title":"Demand and Supply Side Factors Affecting Utilization of Immunization Services in an Urban Village Of Delhi","authors":"A. Rathi, G. Meena","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"Even after introducing the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) three decades ago, India is still far from achieving the target 4 of Millennium Development Goals. The target is to reduce the under-five mortality by twothirds by 2015 end but India still hasn’t achieved that. Undoubtedly, raising the immunization coverage will contribute towards bringing down the mortality rate of children. This short commentary tries to throw light on the various demand and supply side factors that play a role in determining the immunization. The factors influencing immunization are education level of parents, socio-economic status, family structure, family size, immunization card, migrant population, healthcare delivery service quality, institutional deliveries, tetanus immunization of expectant mothers, contraception use, supply of vaccines and motivation of healthcare personals providing vaccination services.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84565604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-09DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000204
Merita Kuçuku
Yellow fever virus is from family flaviviridae and is endemic in African countries and Latin America. Over 900 million people are living in endemic area and are risked from infection of yellow fever. Illness ranges in severity from a self-limited febrile illness to severe liver disease with bleeding and is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory testing and travel history, including the possibility of exposure to infected mosquitoes. There is no specific treatment for yellow fever; care is based on symptoms. The steps necessary to prevent yellow fever virus infection include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing and getting vaccinated. Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for endemic countries and over 500 million people are vaccinated with yellow fever vaccine 17D. The countries which are not endemic are recommended according to International Health Regulation to vaccinate people in cases of travelling in endemic areas to avoid the importation of yellow fever virus and epidemic outbreak in the country. The cases of yellow fever infection are reported and in countries free of yellow fever virus. According the data based on the different studies in different countries the yellow fever 17D and 17DD vaccines are very safe and effective against illness and the best way for preventing yellow fever infection.
{"title":"The Safety of Yellow Fever Vaccines, International Experience for different Cases","authors":"Merita Kuçuku","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000204","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow fever virus is from family flaviviridae and is endemic in African countries and Latin America. Over 900 million people are living in endemic area and are risked from infection of yellow fever. Illness ranges in severity from a self-limited febrile illness to severe liver disease with bleeding and is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory testing and travel history, including the possibility of exposure to infected mosquitoes. There is no specific treatment for yellow fever; care is based on symptoms. The steps necessary to prevent yellow fever virus infection include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing and getting vaccinated. Yellow fever vaccine is recommended for endemic countries and over 500 million people are vaccinated with yellow fever vaccine 17D. The countries which are not endemic are recommended according to International Health Regulation to vaccinate people in cases of travelling in endemic areas to avoid the importation of yellow fever virus and epidemic outbreak in the country. The cases of yellow fever infection are reported and in countries free of yellow fever virus. According the data based on the different studies in different countries the yellow fever 17D and 17DD vaccines are very safe and effective against illness and the best way for preventing yellow fever infection.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85322987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-07DOI: 10.4172/2379-1764.1000203
Ahmed Hamdi Abu-haraz, K. A. Abd-elrahman, Mojahid Salah Ibrahim, Waleed Hassan Hussien, Mohammed Siddig Mohammed, M. M. Badawi, M. Salih
Sudan Ebola virus is single stranded negative sense RNA genome belonging to Filovirus Filoviridae family that causes hemorrhagic fever. There is no treatment or vaccine for it, thus the aim of this study is to design a peptide vaccine using immuoinformatics approaches to analyse the glycoprotein of the all strain of SUDV, to determine the conserved region which is further studied to predict all possible epitopes that can be used as a peptide vaccine. A total of 21 Sudan Ebola virus glycoprotein retrieved from NCBI database were aligned to determine the conservancy and to predict the epitopes using IEDB analysis resource. Three epitopes predicted as a peptide vaccine for B cell (PPPPDGVR, ETFLQSPP, LQSPPIRE). For T cell four epitopes showed high affinity to MHC class I (FLYDRLAST, IIIAIIALL, MHNQNALVC and RTYTILNRK) and high coverage against Sudan and the whole world population. Also in MHC class II, Four epitopes that interact with most frequent MHC class II alleles (FAEGVIAFL, FLRATTELR, FLYDRLAST and FVWVIILFQ) with high coverage against Sudan and the whole world population. We recommend in vivo and in vitro study to prove the effectiveness of these predicted epitopes as a peptide vaccine.
{"title":"Multi Epitope Peptide Vaccine Prediction against Sudan Ebola Virus UsingImmuno-Informatics Approaches","authors":"Ahmed Hamdi Abu-haraz, K. A. Abd-elrahman, Mojahid Salah Ibrahim, Waleed Hassan Hussien, Mohammed Siddig Mohammed, M. M. Badawi, M. Salih","doi":"10.4172/2379-1764.1000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2379-1764.1000203","url":null,"abstract":"Sudan Ebola virus is single stranded negative sense RNA genome belonging to Filovirus Filoviridae family that causes hemorrhagic fever. There is no treatment or vaccine for it, thus the aim of this study is to design a peptide vaccine using immuoinformatics approaches to analyse the glycoprotein of the all strain of SUDV, to determine the conserved region which is further studied to predict all possible epitopes that can be used as a peptide vaccine. A total of 21 Sudan Ebola virus glycoprotein retrieved from NCBI database were aligned to determine the conservancy and to predict the epitopes using IEDB analysis resource. Three epitopes predicted as a peptide vaccine for B cell (PPPPDGVR, ETFLQSPP, LQSPPIRE). For T cell four epitopes showed high affinity to MHC class I (FLYDRLAST, IIIAIIALL, MHNQNALVC and RTYTILNRK) and high coverage against Sudan and the whole world population. Also in MHC class II, Four epitopes that interact with most frequent MHC class II alleles (FAEGVIAFL, FLRATTELR, FLYDRLAST and FVWVIILFQ) with high coverage against Sudan and the whole world population. We recommend in vivo and in vitro study to prove the effectiveness of these predicted epitopes as a peptide vaccine.","PeriodicalId":7277,"journal":{"name":"Advanced techniques in biology & medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78965873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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