Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2025.100204
Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce , Fiorella E. Zuzunaga-Montoya , Nataly Mayely Sanchez-Tamay , Juan Carlos Bustamante-Rodríguez , Carmen Inés Gutierrez De Carrillo
Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes represent a global public health concern, with increasing prevalence in developing countries. Occupational factors such as sedentary behavior and night shift work may play a significant role in their development; however, there is limited information on their impact on Latin American populations.
Objectives
To determine the incidence of T2DM and prediabetes and to evaluate the association between prolonged sitting time and night shift work with glycemic changes in Peruvian workers.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 4200 workers evaluated between 2014 and 2021. Incidence rates of T2DM and prediabetes were calculated, and Cox regression models were used to assess the association between prolonged sitting time and night shift work with glycemic changes. The measure of association was the crude and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), presented with its respective 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI).
Results
The incidence of T2DM was 33.1 per 1000 person-years, and that of prediabetes was 77.11 per 1000 person-years. Sitting time (≥ 4 h/day) was associated with a higher hazard of diabetes (aHR: 2.84, 95 % CI: 1.58–5.12). Night shift work also significantly increased the hazard of diabetes (aHR: 3.24, 95 % CI: 1.97–5.35).
Conclusion
This study reveals a high incidence of T2DM and prediabetes among Peruvian workers, with significant associations between prolonged sitting time and night shift work with glycemic changes. The results underscore the importance of considering these occupational factors in T2DM prevention strategies. Implementing workplace prevention and early detection programs focused on reducing sedentary time and mitigating the effects of night shift work is recommended.
{"title":"Incidence rates of prediabetes and diabetes associated with sedentary behavior and night shifts among peruvian workers (2014–2021)","authors":"Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce , Fiorella E. Zuzunaga-Montoya , Nataly Mayely Sanchez-Tamay , Juan Carlos Bustamante-Rodríguez , Carmen Inés Gutierrez De Carrillo","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes represent a global public health concern, with increasing prevalence in developing countries. Occupational factors such as sedentary behavior and night shift work may play a significant role in their development; however, there is limited information on their impact on Latin American populations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the incidence of T2DM and prediabetes and to evaluate the association between prolonged sitting time and night shift work with glycemic changes in Peruvian workers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 4200 workers evaluated between 2014 and 2021. Incidence rates of T2DM and prediabetes were calculated, and Cox regression models were used to assess the association between prolonged sitting time and night shift work with glycemic changes. The measure of association was the crude and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), presented with its respective 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of T2DM was 33.1 per 1000 person-years, and that of prediabetes was 77.11 per 1000 person-years. Sitting time (≥ 4 h/day) was associated with a higher hazard of diabetes (aHR: 2.84, 95 % CI: 1.58–5.12). Night shift work also significantly increased the hazard of diabetes (aHR: 3.24, 95 % CI: 1.97–5.35).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals a high incidence of T2DM and prediabetes among Peruvian workers, with significant associations between prolonged sitting time and night shift work with glycemic changes. The results underscore the importance of considering these occupational factors in T2DM prevention strategies. Implementing workplace prevention and early detection programs focused on reducing sedentary time and mitigating the effects of night shift work is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change presents a significant global public health challenge for animals and humans. Due to geography, climate, population, and urbanization, India is vulnerable to extreme heat. This review aims to explore the impact of heat on human and animal health in India. The publications on this topic were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Out of 219 articles extracted, 44 were reviewed. The review included articles published in the last ten years, regardless of design. Half of the 44 articles were original studies; the rest were perspective, opinion, review studies, editorial, or commentary papers. The present review shows how heat adversely affects human health, increasing mortality and morbidity, especially during heat waves. Heat-related health issues in India include increased hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory diseases, mental health problems, reduced productivity, and agricultural yields. Vulnerable groups like workers, pregnant women, and children require targeted interventions. Limited evidence exists on the impact of heat on animals, but studies show increased health problems due to high temperatures. Targeted interventions are needed to prevent heat-related mortality and morbidity in India.
{"title":"Impact of Heat on Human and Animal Health in India: A Landscape Review","authors":"Sandul Yasobant , K. Shruti Lekha , Poonam Trivedi , Shruti Krishnan , Chinmayee Kator , Harleen Kaur , Mudita Adaniya , Anish Sinha , Deepak Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change presents a significant global public health challenge for animals and humans. Due to geography, climate, population, and urbanization, India is vulnerable to extreme heat. This review aims to explore the impact of heat on human and animal health in India. The publications on this topic were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Out of 219 articles extracted, 44 were reviewed. The review included articles published in the last ten years, regardless of design. Half of the 44 articles were original studies; the rest were perspective, opinion, review studies, editorial, or commentary papers. The present review shows how heat adversely affects human health, increasing mortality and morbidity, especially during heat waves. Heat-related health issues in India include increased hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory diseases, mental health problems, reduced productivity, and agricultural yields. Vulnerable groups like workers, pregnant women, and children require targeted interventions. Limited evidence exists on the impact of heat on animals, but studies show increased health problems due to high temperatures. Targeted interventions are needed to prevent heat-related mortality and morbidity in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100202
Shannon McMorrow , Jyotika Saksena
Refugees fleeing the Democratic Republic of Congo are vulnerable to health and social inequities. Women from the DRC are at unique risk within the social and cultural milieu of the U.S., but there is insufficient evidence to inform tailored programs and policies for this population. This article describes results from a longitudinal, qualitative Photovoice study with women refugees from the DRC between 2016 and 2023. Participatory analysis with participant co-researchers and inductive manual analysis revealed four themes illustrating experiences with employment and the workplace: job (in)security, discrimination, injuries, and workplace potential. Evidence from this study demonstrates the need for more intentional, tailored public health and social service interventions centering on the workplace for Congolese refugee women resettled in the U.S. The federal policy pushes refugees toward early self-sufficiency. Our findings suggest this is problematic as it negatively impacts language acquisition, which in turn creates a ripple effect of negative outcomes, including insufficient access to jobs offering a living wage, limited access to jobs with health insurance, and exposure to jobs with high risk of injury or social settings enhancing discrimination. These experiences can be further exacerbated for women refugees from Africa standing at the intersection of race, gender, and refugee status. Study results also show opportunities for the workplace to be an outlet for positive health impacts and advocacy for social justice for this population and potentially other refugee groups that are marginalized in the U.S.
{"title":"Longitudinal photovoice examination of workplace experiences for Congolese refugee women in the United States","authors":"Shannon McMorrow , Jyotika Saksena","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refugees fleeing the Democratic Republic of Congo are vulnerable to health and social inequities. Women from the DRC are at unique risk within the social and cultural milieu of the U.S., but there is insufficient evidence to inform tailored programs and policies for this population. This article describes results from a longitudinal, qualitative Photovoice study with women refugees from the DRC between 2016 and 2023. Participatory analysis with participant co-researchers and inductive manual analysis revealed four themes illustrating experiences with employment and the workplace: job (in)security, discrimination, injuries, and workplace potential. Evidence from this study demonstrates the need for more intentional, tailored public health and social service interventions centering on the workplace for Congolese refugee women resettled in the U.S. The federal policy pushes refugees toward early self-sufficiency. Our findings suggest this is problematic as it negatively impacts language acquisition, which in turn creates a ripple effect of negative outcomes, including insufficient access to jobs offering a living wage, limited access to jobs with health insurance, and exposure to jobs with high risk of injury or social settings enhancing discrimination. These experiences can be further exacerbated for women refugees from Africa standing at the intersection of race, gender, and refugee status. Study results also show opportunities for the workplace to be an outlet for positive health impacts and advocacy for social justice for this population and potentially other refugee groups that are marginalized in the U.S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143157891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100201
Amit Roy
Purpose
Energy is a health issue. Energy intersects with health outcomes, as evidenced by the relationship between access to clean fuels and technologies and population health measured by life expectancy at birth.
Methods
Utilizing a comprehensive dataset spanning 190 countries from 2000 to 2022, this paper employs a range of static and dynamic panel data models to analyze this empirical relationship, while effectively managing unobserved country-specific heterogeneity and endogeneity issues.
Results
The primary finding underscores that improved access to clean fuels and technologies positively correlates with increased life expectancy for both genders, males and females, on a global scale. Additionally, the study identifies a significant negative impact of food and nutritional deficiencies on human health, while highlighting positive associations between health outcomes and increased per capita health spending, immunization rates, education levels, and access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Conclusion
Findings underscore the importance of policy interventions aimed at alleviating clean energy poverty and scaling up access to clean fuels and technologies to enhance both the duration and quality of life, thus fostering sustainable development efforts at both national and global levels.
{"title":"A panel data study on the role of clean energy in promoting life expectancy","authors":"Amit Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Energy is a health issue. Energy intersects with health outcomes, as evidenced by the relationship between access to clean fuels and technologies and population health measured by life expectancy at birth.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilizing a comprehensive dataset spanning 190 countries from 2000 to 2022, this paper employs a range of static and dynamic panel data models to analyze this empirical relationship, while effectively managing unobserved country-specific heterogeneity and endogeneity issues.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The primary finding underscores that improved access to clean fuels and technologies positively correlates with increased life expectancy for both genders, males and females, on a global scale. Additionally, the study identifies a significant negative impact of food and nutritional deficiencies on human health, while highlighting positive associations between health outcomes and increased per capita health spending, immunization rates, education levels, and access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings underscore the importance of policy interventions aimed at alleviating clean energy poverty and scaling up access to clean fuels and technologies to enhance both the duration and quality of life, thus fostering sustainable development efforts at both national and global levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11741050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100200
Katrina Plamondon , Sana Z. Shahram
When it comes to advancing equity, across the health sciences, efforts repeatedly target interventions on those most burdened by inequities rather than the systems or structures that give rise to inequities. This mismatch, in and of itself, is an important determinant of equity. While many conceptual models draw collective attention to deeper, structural causes (e.g., social, political, and commercial determinants of health) as the 'what', inattention to questions of 'how'–or the collective practices that serve to connect what is known with what is done–are like a wedge holding this gap in place. In this article, we use an exaggerated metaphor of mismatched task-and-tool to provoke critically reflective dialogue about collective attachment to scholarship and practices incoherent with our own body of knowledge. We offer a set of five practices easily integrated in any aspect of work related to advancing equity, through everyday actions anyone (anywhere) can take to purposefully act from an evidence and equity-informed position.
{"title":"Fishing with skis, digging with noodles: Resolving task-and-tool mismatches in efforts to advance health equity","authors":"Katrina Plamondon , Sana Z. Shahram","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When it comes to advancing equity, across the health sciences, efforts repeatedly target interventions on those most burdened by inequities rather than the systems or structures that give rise to inequities. This mismatch, in and of itself, is an important determinant of equity. While many conceptual models draw collective attention to deeper, structural causes (e.g., social, political, and commercial determinants of health) as the 'what', inattention to questions of 'how'–or the collective practices that serve to connect what is known with what is done–are like a wedge holding this gap in place. In this article, we use an exaggerated metaphor of mismatched task-and-tool to provoke critically reflective dialogue about collective attachment to scholarship and practices incoherent with our own body of knowledge. We offer a set of five practices easily integrated in any aspect of work related to advancing equity, through everyday actions anyone (anywhere) can take to purposefully act from an evidence and equity-informed position.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100197
Sydney Persaud , Michael Fitzgerald , Steven Hawken , Peter Tanuseputro , Lisa Boucher , William Petrcich , Martin Wellman , Colleen Webber , Esther Shoemaker , Robin Ducharme , Simone Dahrouge , Daniel Myran , Ahmed M. Bayoumi , Susitha Wanigaratne , Gary Bloch , David Ponka , Brendan T. Smith , Aisha Lofters , Austin Zygmunt , Krystal Kehoe MacLeod , Claire E. Kendall
Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted and exacerbated health inequities worldwide. While several studies have examined the impact of individual social factors on COVID infection, our objective was to examine how interactions of social factors were associated with the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first two years of the pandemic.
Study design and setting
We conducted an observational cohort study using linked health administrative data for Ontarians tested for SARS-CoV-2 between January 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2021. We constructed multivariable models to examine the association between SARS-CoV-2 positivity and key variables including immigration status (immigrants vs. other Ontarians), and neighbourhood variables for household size, income, essential worker status, and visible minority status. We report main and interaction effects using odds ratios and predicted probabilities, with age and sex controlled in all models.
Results
Of 6,575,523 Ontarians in the cohort, 88.5 % tested negative, and 11.5 % tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. In all models, immigrants and those living in neighbourhoods with large average household sizes had greater odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. The strength of these associations increased with increasing levels of neighbourhood marginalization for income, essential worker proportion and visible minority proportion. We observed little change in the probability of testing positive across neighbourhood income quintiles among other Ontarians who live in neighbourhoods with smaller households, but a large change in probability among other Ontarians who live in neighbourhoods with larger households.
Conclusion
Our study found that SARS-CoV-2 positivity was greater among people with certain combinations of social factors, but in all cases the probability of testing positive was consistently greater for immigrants than for other Ontarians. Examining interactions of social factors can provide a more nuanced and more comprehensive understanding of health inequity than examining factors separately.
{"title":"The association of combinations of social factors and SARs-CoV-2 infection: A retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, 2020–2021","authors":"Sydney Persaud , Michael Fitzgerald , Steven Hawken , Peter Tanuseputro , Lisa Boucher , William Petrcich , Martin Wellman , Colleen Webber , Esther Shoemaker , Robin Ducharme , Simone Dahrouge , Daniel Myran , Ahmed M. Bayoumi , Susitha Wanigaratne , Gary Bloch , David Ponka , Brendan T. Smith , Aisha Lofters , Austin Zygmunt , Krystal Kehoe MacLeod , Claire E. Kendall","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted and exacerbated health inequities worldwide. While several studies have examined the impact of individual social factors on COVID infection, our objective was to examine how interactions of social factors were associated with the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first two years of the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Study design and setting</h3><div>We conducted an observational cohort study using linked health administrative data for Ontarians tested for SARS-CoV-2 between January 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2021. We constructed multivariable models to examine the association between SARS-CoV-2 positivity and key variables including immigration status (immigrants vs. other Ontarians), and neighbourhood variables for household size, income, essential worker status, and visible minority status. We report main and interaction effects using odds ratios and predicted probabilities, with age and sex controlled in all models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 6,575,523 Ontarians in the cohort, 88.5 % tested negative, and 11.5 % tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. In all models, immigrants and those living in neighbourhoods with large average household sizes had greater odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. The strength of these associations increased with increasing levels of neighbourhood marginalization for income, essential worker proportion and visible minority proportion. We observed little change in the probability of testing positive across neighbourhood income quintiles among other Ontarians who live in neighbourhoods with smaller households, but a large change in probability among other Ontarians who live in neighbourhoods with larger households.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study found that SARS-CoV-2 positivity was greater among people with certain combinations of social factors, but in all cases the probability of testing positive was consistently greater for immigrants than for other Ontarians. Examining interactions of social factors can provide a more nuanced and more comprehensive understanding of health inequity than examining factors separately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100199
Zoya Ejaz , Faizan Masood , Arsalan Nadeem , Abdullah Ahmed , Eeman Ahmad , Mahrukh Chaudhry
This article discusses the growing burden of smog in Pakistan, tracing its origins to vehicular emissions, industrial pollutants, and agricultural practices. It highlights current national initiatives and advocates for enhanced government interventions to mitigate smog's adverse effects on ocular health. It also emphasizes the need for collective action to safeguard ocular health amid rising smog pollution in Pakistan.
{"title":"Blurred vision: The ophthalmological effect of smog in Pakistan","authors":"Zoya Ejaz , Faizan Masood , Arsalan Nadeem , Abdullah Ahmed , Eeman Ahmad , Mahrukh Chaudhry","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article discusses the growing burden of smog in Pakistan, tracing its origins to vehicular emissions, industrial pollutants, and agricultural practices. It highlights current national initiatives and advocates for enhanced government interventions to mitigate smog's adverse effects on ocular health. It also emphasizes the need for collective action to safeguard ocular health amid rising smog pollution in Pakistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142719890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100198
Koshi Sumigawa , Yuji Koike
Purpose
This study investigated the correlation between the risk of falls and life functions, including motor function, cognitive function, and urinary disorders, among older adults residing in small cities in the metropolitan areas of Japan and evaluated the contents of fall prevention instructions.
Methods
Sixty-nine older adults residing at home participated in this case-control study conducted between September and October 2019. The survey items included questions pertaining to the history of falls; grip strength; the 30-s Chair Stand Test (CS-30), Functional Reach Test (FRT), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) scores; mental and cognitive functions [Test Your Memory-Japanese version test (TYM-J)]; living conditions; and urination status [Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS)].
Results
Participants with a history of falls had significantly lower CS-30 and FRT scores, and significantly higher TUG scores and CLSS than those with no history of falls. Grip strength bore significant correlations with the CS-30 and TUG scores. The CS-30 scores were correlated with the FRT and TUG scores. The FRT scores were correlated with the TUG and French State Activity Index (FAI) scores. The TUG scores were correlated with the TYM-J and FAI scores. The CLSS showed no significant correlations with the remaining items. The FRT scores and CLSS exerted a significant effect on the risk of experiencing falls.
Conclusion
Both balancing ability and micturition status affect fall risk and should be considered in treatment strategies for urinary disorders in fall prevention programs for older adults.
{"title":"Correlation between fall experience and life functions among community-dwelling older adults in Japan","authors":"Koshi Sumigawa , Yuji Koike","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study investigated the correlation between the risk of falls and life functions, including motor function, cognitive function, and urinary disorders, among older adults residing in small cities in the metropolitan areas of Japan and evaluated the contents of fall prevention instructions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-nine older adults residing at home participated in this case-control study conducted between September and October 2019. The survey items included questions pertaining to the history of falls; grip strength; the 30-s Chair Stand Test (CS-30), Functional Reach Test (FRT), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) scores; mental and cognitive functions [Test Your Memory-Japanese version test (TYM-J)]; living conditions; and urination status [Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS)].</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with a history of falls had significantly lower CS-30 and FRT scores, and significantly higher TUG scores and CLSS than those with no history of falls. Grip strength bore significant correlations with the CS-30 and TUG scores. The CS-30 scores were correlated with the FRT and TUG scores. The FRT scores were correlated with the TUG and French State Activity Index (FAI) scores. The TUG scores were correlated with the TYM-J and FAI scores. The CLSS showed no significant correlations with the remaining items. The FRT scores and CLSS exerted a significant effect on the risk of experiencing falls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both balancing ability and micturition status affect fall risk and should be considered in treatment strategies for urinary disorders in fall prevention programs for older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking barriers: A gender-based quota system in nursing school admission in Bangladesh","authors":"Shimpi Akter , Masuda Akter , Sopon Akter , Humayun Kabir","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100195
Reigner Jay B. Escartin , Rvin John T. Servillon , Jesille Mae A. Legarta , Stephanie Kate G. Arriola , Princess Faiqah A. Brahim , Dennis Louis M. Braza , Aireen V. Salva , Alfredo A. Hinay Jr
Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the prognosis and quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. However, ART success is greatly influenced by patient adherence to the treatment regimens. This study aimed to assess the association between patient adherence to ART and the treatment success rate among antiretroviral-naïve patients in Davao City, Philippines.
Methods
This study utilized a 10-year retrospective cohort design, including 517 antiretroviral-naïve patients from an HIV treatment hub in Davao City, the Philippines. Using strict inclusion criteria, 183 antiretroviral-naïve patients were analyzed.
Findings
The study found significant associations between the type of ART (p= 0.011) and the timing of ART initiation (p = 0.006) with both patient adherence and the ART success rate. Specifically, patients who achieved sustained viral suppression were predominantly those who initiated ART early, with 71.6 % (n = 131) of them prescribed a regimen consisting of 2 NRTIs and 1 NNRTI. Moreover, 73.8 % of patients demonstrated good adherence (<50 HIV copies/mL). Importantly, patient adherence to ART was strongly correlated with treatment success rate.
Interpretation
This study highlights the significance of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for successful treatment outcomes among antiretroviral-naïve patients living with HIV/AIDS. Early initiation of ART and consistent adherence to treatment regimens are essential for achieving sustained viral suppression and improving treatment effectiveness.
{"title":"Success rates and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among treatment-naïve patients in Davao City, Philippines: A ten-year retrospective cohort study","authors":"Reigner Jay B. Escartin , Rvin John T. Servillon , Jesille Mae A. Legarta , Stephanie Kate G. Arriola , Princess Faiqah A. Brahim , Dennis Louis M. Braza , Aireen V. Salva , Alfredo A. Hinay Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dialog.2024.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved the prognosis and quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. However, ART success is greatly influenced by patient adherence to the treatment regimens. This study aimed to assess the association between patient adherence to ART and the treatment success rate among antiretroviral-naïve patients in Davao City, Philippines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study utilized a 10-year retrospective cohort design, including 517 antiretroviral-naïve patients from an HIV treatment hub in Davao City, the Philippines. Using strict inclusion criteria, 183 antiretroviral-naïve patients were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The study found significant associations between the type of ART (<em>p</em> <em>=</em> 0.011) and the timing of ART initiation (<em>p</em> = 0.006) with both patient adherence and the ART success rate. Specifically, patients who achieved sustained viral suppression were predominantly those who initiated ART early, with 71.6 % (<em>n</em> = 131) of them prescribed a regimen consisting of 2 NRTIs and 1 NNRTI. Moreover, 73.8 % of patients demonstrated good adherence (<50 HIV copies/mL). Importantly, patient adherence to ART was strongly correlated with treatment success rate.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study highlights the significance of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for successful treatment outcomes among antiretroviral-naïve patients living with HIV/AIDS. Early initiation of ART and consistent adherence to treatment regimens are essential for achieving sustained viral suppression and improving treatment effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72803,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in health","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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