Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an abnormal growth that occurs in the rectum or rectal portion. In 2020, an anticipated 104,610 new cases of colon illness and 43,340 new cases of rectal abnormal growth were expected in the United States. Red and processed meat, body bloatedness, belly fatness, and binge drinking expands the occurrence of colorectal disease. Dietary fibres contribute to faecal bulking, but they are break down by gut bacteria and produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are chemical compounds that are mostly made up of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Acetate and butyrate help to control mucus production and discharge, and thus, protect the gut mucosa. Reduced mucus secretion/increased bacterial catabolism, and fermentation of amino acids resulted in an increase of potentially detrimental metabolites such as branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, amines, and N-nitroso complex components. Vital roles of fibres include reduction in the time that carcinogens encounter the intestinal lumen and promotion of healthy gut microbiota as well as modification of the host metabolism. The present review focuses on a brief introduction to various dietary fibres and specialised metabolites that can possess beneficial effect on CRC, as well as presenting our current, detailed understanding of various dietary fibres along with their potential effects on gut microbiota and its association with the colon cancer. A comprehensive discussion is also included, advocating the dietary fibre-enriched diet.
{"title":"A Mechanistic Overview on Impact of Dietary Fibres on Gut Microbiota and Its Association with Colon Cancer","authors":"Vasudev Biswas, Asma Praveen, Arya Lakshmi Marisetti, Ajay Sharma, Vijender Kumar, S. Sahu, Devesh Tewari","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1030017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1030017","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an abnormal growth that occurs in the rectum or rectal portion. In 2020, an anticipated 104,610 new cases of colon illness and 43,340 new cases of rectal abnormal growth were expected in the United States. Red and processed meat, body bloatedness, belly fatness, and binge drinking expands the occurrence of colorectal disease. Dietary fibres contribute to faecal bulking, but they are break down by gut bacteria and produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs are chemical compounds that are mostly made up of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Acetate and butyrate help to control mucus production and discharge, and thus, protect the gut mucosa. Reduced mucus secretion/increased bacterial catabolism, and fermentation of amino acids resulted in an increase of potentially detrimental metabolites such as branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, amines, and N-nitroso complex components. Vital roles of fibres include reduction in the time that carcinogens encounter the intestinal lumen and promotion of healthy gut microbiota as well as modification of the host metabolism. The present review focuses on a brief introduction to various dietary fibres and specialised metabolites that can possess beneficial effect on CRC, as well as presenting our current, detailed understanding of various dietary fibres along with their potential effects on gut microbiota and its association with the colon cancer. A comprehensive discussion is also included, advocating the dietary fibre-enriched diet.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45071436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.3390/dietetics1030016
J. Bold, David Swinburne
Male fertility is declining and affects approximately one in seven couples. Reasons for this are multi-factorial and the subject of on-going research, though environmental contaminants (such xenoestrogens) are believed to be contributory factors. Semen parameters can be improved through a healthy diet and nutritional supplementation has also been shown to improve semen parameters, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates significantly. Despite this, in medical care dietary modification beyond alcohol reduction is rarely recommended. The aim of this review was to consider the psychosocial impacts of infertility in males whilst assessing other nutritional and lifestyle interventions that can be used in personalized nutrition care. More tailored nutrition care needs to consider this and the taboo surrounding the male infertility experience. A systematic approach was used. Three electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline and Academic Search Complete) were searched using predetermined Boolean search terms and identified 125 papers for review. Hand searches were undertaken to ensure recent evidence was included. Duplicates were removed and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Narrative synthesis was used for review and to develop preconceptual guidelines. Review data indicates dietary modification or supplementation with antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, selenium, carnitine and zinc have been shown to improve markers of male fertility and reduce markers of seminal oxidative damage. Also, a Mediterranean style diet is also associated with higher quality sperm counts. Weight loss is beneficial in terms of normalizing endocrine profiles but at present it is not possible to determine if this is the effect of weight loss alone, or the combined effect of weight loss alongside other dietary improvement. Further research is therefore needed to understand the role of the many potential confounding factors. Despite this, infertility is emotionally challenging for men and nutrition, and personalised nutrition and lifestyle therapies have potential to support men trying to conceive. Pre-conceptual nutrition and lifestyle guidelines for men have been developed from this review and the use should be considered as the basis for more tailored nutrition care in practice.
{"title":"Pre-Conceptual Guidelines for Men: A Review of Male Infertility Experience, including Nutrition and Lifestyle Factors","authors":"J. Bold, David Swinburne","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1030016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1030016","url":null,"abstract":"Male fertility is declining and affects approximately one in seven couples. Reasons for this are multi-factorial and the subject of on-going research, though environmental contaminants (such xenoestrogens) are believed to be contributory factors. Semen parameters can be improved through a healthy diet and nutritional supplementation has also been shown to improve semen parameters, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates significantly. Despite this, in medical care dietary modification beyond alcohol reduction is rarely recommended. The aim of this review was to consider the psychosocial impacts of infertility in males whilst assessing other nutritional and lifestyle interventions that can be used in personalized nutrition care. More tailored nutrition care needs to consider this and the taboo surrounding the male infertility experience. A systematic approach was used. Three electronic databases (CINAHL, Medline and Academic Search Complete) were searched using predetermined Boolean search terms and identified 125 papers for review. Hand searches were undertaken to ensure recent evidence was included. Duplicates were removed and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Narrative synthesis was used for review and to develop preconceptual guidelines. Review data indicates dietary modification or supplementation with antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, selenium, carnitine and zinc have been shown to improve markers of male fertility and reduce markers of seminal oxidative damage. Also, a Mediterranean style diet is also associated with higher quality sperm counts. Weight loss is beneficial in terms of normalizing endocrine profiles but at present it is not possible to determine if this is the effect of weight loss alone, or the combined effect of weight loss alongside other dietary improvement. Further research is therefore needed to understand the role of the many potential confounding factors. Despite this, infertility is emotionally challenging for men and nutrition, and personalised nutrition and lifestyle therapies have potential to support men trying to conceive. Pre-conceptual nutrition and lifestyle guidelines for men have been developed from this review and the use should be considered as the basis for more tailored nutrition care in practice.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47742219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.3390/dietetics1030014
K. Viana, S. Davidov, Olivia Morello, Diana Mariela Puga Arguello, H. Moskowitz, N. Bellissimo
Little is known about the attitudes and perceptions towards dietary sugars in Canadian adults. The objective of this study was to use rule-developing experimentation (RDE) to identify consumer mindsets related to dietary sugars in 18–50-year-old Canadians. Following an isomorphic permuted experimental design, participants (n = 269) each rated a unique set of 24 scenarios, each consisting of a distinct mixture of two to four messages about dietary sugars on a 5-point scale. A regression model was created for each respondent, identifying the value that each respondent attributed to each of the 16 messages. K-means clustering revealed three distinct mindset groups as follows: “Sugars Beliefs” (MS1), “Trend Analysts” (MS2), and “Health Seekers” (MS3). In conclusion, this study found that RDE is a useful methodological approach for evaluating how consumers think about dietary sugars and revealed mindset-specific messages that matter most to people who differ in their attitudes toward sugars.
{"title":"Identifying Consumer Mindsets Related to Sugars Consumption in Canadian Adults","authors":"K. Viana, S. Davidov, Olivia Morello, Diana Mariela Puga Arguello, H. Moskowitz, N. Bellissimo","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1030014","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about the attitudes and perceptions towards dietary sugars in Canadian adults. The objective of this study was to use rule-developing experimentation (RDE) to identify consumer mindsets related to dietary sugars in 18–50-year-old Canadians. Following an isomorphic permuted experimental design, participants (n = 269) each rated a unique set of 24 scenarios, each consisting of a distinct mixture of two to four messages about dietary sugars on a 5-point scale. A regression model was created for each respondent, identifying the value that each respondent attributed to each of the 16 messages. K-means clustering revealed three distinct mindset groups as follows: “Sugars Beliefs” (MS1), “Trend Analysts” (MS2), and “Health Seekers” (MS3). In conclusion, this study found that RDE is a useful methodological approach for evaluating how consumers think about dietary sugars and revealed mindset-specific messages that matter most to people who differ in their attitudes toward sugars.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41820294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.3390/dietetics1030015
Justine Lee, Julie Nguyen, F. O’Leary
(1) Background: The internet is a popular information source; however, research evaluating online nutrition-related dementia information is limited. This review characterised content, quality, and accuracy of online dementia-specific nutrition resources for dementia prevention and treatment. (2) Methods: JBI methodology for scoping reviews guided the study. Searches used Google search engine with terms related to dementia and nutrition. Webpages from government, organisational and commercial sources were included; blogs, social media and media sources were excluded. DISCERN tool evaluated content quality; accuracy was assessed against ESPEN and WHO guidelines. Differences in mean DISCERN scores were calculated using ANOVA. (3) Results: 105 webpages from eight countries were included. Webpages were mainly from organisational sources (n = 65) and covered nutrition-related prevention (n = 52) including diet–disease relationships (n = 81). Fewer webpages provided information on dementia related eating issues. The total mean DISCERN score (SD) was 50 ± 8, indicating overall good quality. All government webpages provided accurate information. Commercial webpages had some inaccuracy (ESPEN: 3% mixed, 3% inaccurate; WHO: 3% mixed, 3% inaccurate). (4) Conclusions: Information was of reasonable quality and mostly accurate. Further information on dementia-related eating issues is needed. Future research could address readability, understandability and actionability and examine other sources, such as social media, blogs or forums.
{"title":"Content, Quality and Accuracy of Online Nutrition Resources for the Prevention and Treatment of Dementia: A Review of Online Content","authors":"Justine Lee, Julie Nguyen, F. O’Leary","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1030015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1030015","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: The internet is a popular information source; however, research evaluating online nutrition-related dementia information is limited. This review characterised content, quality, and accuracy of online dementia-specific nutrition resources for dementia prevention and treatment. (2) Methods: JBI methodology for scoping reviews guided the study. Searches used Google search engine with terms related to dementia and nutrition. Webpages from government, organisational and commercial sources were included; blogs, social media and media sources were excluded. DISCERN tool evaluated content quality; accuracy was assessed against ESPEN and WHO guidelines. Differences in mean DISCERN scores were calculated using ANOVA. (3) Results: 105 webpages from eight countries were included. Webpages were mainly from organisational sources (n = 65) and covered nutrition-related prevention (n = 52) including diet–disease relationships (n = 81). Fewer webpages provided information on dementia related eating issues. The total mean DISCERN score (SD) was 50 ± 8, indicating overall good quality. All government webpages provided accurate information. Commercial webpages had some inaccuracy (ESPEN: 3% mixed, 3% inaccurate; WHO: 3% mixed, 3% inaccurate). (4) Conclusions: Information was of reasonable quality and mostly accurate. Further information on dementia-related eating issues is needed. Future research could address readability, understandability and actionability and examine other sources, such as social media, blogs or forums.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.3390/dietetics1020013
Yasmin Aridi, Jacqueline L. Walker, E. Roura, O. Wright
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to understand how the public in a non-Mediterranean multi-ethnic society perceived the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and its general health benefits. A total of 373 participants took part in this study. Most of the sample were young adults, females and had been living in Australia for over 10 years. Knowledge of the MDP score, attitudes towards the MDP score and an adherence to the MPD score were measured. Normality of variables was tested. Simple linear regression and Chi-squared tests were conducted to examine associations. ANOVA tests were used to report participants’ demographics across various attitudes scores. Less than half of participants were aware of the MDP guidelines, food choices and health benefits. As for adherence to the MDP, 20% of the sample were found to have high adherence to the MDP. Results also showed that participants with high knowledge about the MDP were twice more likely to have higher MDP adherence rates, OR 95% CI = 2.3 (1.3, 4.0), p-value = 0.002. This paper provided new insights about the association between nutritional knowledge and adherence to the MDP in a multi-ethnic non-Mediterranean setting.
{"title":"Nutritional Knowledge of the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Positive Attitudes and Adherence in a Non-Mediterranean Multi-Ethnic Society","authors":"Yasmin Aridi, Jacqueline L. Walker, E. Roura, O. Wright","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1020013","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this cross-sectional study was to understand how the public in a non-Mediterranean multi-ethnic society perceived the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and its general health benefits. A total of 373 participants took part in this study. Most of the sample were young adults, females and had been living in Australia for over 10 years. Knowledge of the MDP score, attitudes towards the MDP score and an adherence to the MPD score were measured. Normality of variables was tested. Simple linear regression and Chi-squared tests were conducted to examine associations. ANOVA tests were used to report participants’ demographics across various attitudes scores. Less than half of participants were aware of the MDP guidelines, food choices and health benefits. As for adherence to the MDP, 20% of the sample were found to have high adherence to the MDP. Results also showed that participants with high knowledge about the MDP were twice more likely to have higher MDP adherence rates, OR 95% CI = 2.3 (1.3, 4.0), p-value = 0.002. This paper provided new insights about the association between nutritional knowledge and adherence to the MDP in a multi-ethnic non-Mediterranean setting.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44811114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.3390/dietetics1020012
M. Lampropoulou, M. Grammatikopoulou, X. Theodoridis, Savvas Katsaridis, Despoina Bobora, A. Patsatsi, A. Haidich, D. Goulis
Vitamin supplements are over-the-counter medications consumed by the majority of adults. Given that many supplements may be ineffective and/or associated with adverse events, compliance of the registered trials to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) rule for prompt reporting of the results is of crucial importance for consumers’ health. The present retrospective study was designed to evaluate compliance with the European Union (EU) requirement to post the trial results to the EU Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT) and assess the trial characteristics associated with this compliance. Three independent researchers searched the EudraCT for completed trials on vitamin supplements performed on humans. A total of 144 completed trials involving 40,464 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. For 45.7% of these, results were due. Trials funded by the industry had approximately quadruple chances of being published, adjusting for their design, masking, comparator, and participant age group. Moreover, trials testing vitamin supplement safety are more likely to report their findings as compared to vitamin efficacy. Many vitamin supplementation trials registered in the EudraCT failed to report their results and adhere to the EMA regulations. Stricter regulations should be imposed concerning trial results reporting to increase transparency and public trust.
{"title":"Clinical Trials of Vitamin Supplements: Are They Meeting the European Medicines Agency Prompt Dissemination Regulation?","authors":"M. Lampropoulou, M. Grammatikopoulou, X. Theodoridis, Savvas Katsaridis, Despoina Bobora, A. Patsatsi, A. Haidich, D. Goulis","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1020012","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin supplements are over-the-counter medications consumed by the majority of adults. Given that many supplements may be ineffective and/or associated with adverse events, compliance of the registered trials to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) rule for prompt reporting of the results is of crucial importance for consumers’ health. The present retrospective study was designed to evaluate compliance with the European Union (EU) requirement to post the trial results to the EU Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT) and assess the trial characteristics associated with this compliance. Three independent researchers searched the EudraCT for completed trials on vitamin supplements performed on humans. A total of 144 completed trials involving 40,464 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. For 45.7% of these, results were due. Trials funded by the industry had approximately quadruple chances of being published, adjusting for their design, masking, comparator, and participant age group. Moreover, trials testing vitamin supplement safety are more likely to report their findings as compared to vitamin efficacy. Many vitamin supplementation trials registered in the EudraCT failed to report their results and adhere to the EMA regulations. Stricter regulations should be imposed concerning trial results reporting to increase transparency and public trust.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42949836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.3390/dietetics1020011
A. Duncan, A. Rangan, Pui Ying Ho, Virginia Chan, Alyse Davies, Lyndal Wellard-Cole, M. Allman-Farinelli
Despite health advice and campaigns, discretionary beverages remain a source of added sweeteners (sugar and intense sweeteners) and fat in the dietary intakes of many young adults. This study aimed to determine discretionary beverage consumption amongst 18 to 30-year-olds residing in New South Wales, Australia. Data were collected in 2017/2018 during the MYMeals study in which 1044 participants recorded their food and beverage consumption over a three-day period, using the purpose-designed Eat and Track (EaT) app. Discretionary beverages included all water-based and milk-based drinks with added sugar, intense sweeteners or fats and excluded alcoholic beverages. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the proportion of consumers for different types of beverages, and contribution to overall energy and nutrient intakes. ANCOVA analyses compared the energy and nutrient intakes of consumers and non-consumers, adjusted for gender and age group. Sixty-two percent of participants with complete data (n = 1001) were classified as consumers of discretionary beverages. The most consumed beverages were soft drinks (39.0%) and flavoured tea/coffee (23.1%). The greatest proportion of nutrients contributed by discretionary beverages was total sugars (27.2% of total per consumers). In comparison to non-consumers, consumers of discretionary beverages had higher mean daily intakes of energy (kJ) (8736 versus 7294), and higher percentage energy (%E) from total sugars (16.5 versus 13.3) (p < 0.001) and saturated fat (12.5 versus 12.0) (p < 0.05) but lower protein (18.5 versus 20.5) (p < 0.001). The consumption of non-alcoholic discretionary beverages continues to be a source of significant energy and total sugars among young adults.
尽管有健康建议和运动，但在许多年轻人的饮食摄入中，非必需饮料仍然是添加甜味剂（糖和强效甜味剂）和脂肪的来源。本研究旨在确定居住在澳大利亚新南威尔士州的18至30岁人群的可自由支配饮料消费量。数据收集于2017/2018年MYMeals研究期间，1044名参与者使用专门设计的Eat and Track（Eat）应用程序记录了他们在三天内的食品和饮料消费情况。非必需饮料包括所有添加糖、强效甜味剂或脂肪的水性和乳基饮料，不包括酒精饮料。描述性统计用于分析不同类型饮料的消费者比例，以及对整体能量和营养摄入的贡献。ANCOVA分析比较了消费者和非消费者的能量和营养摄入，并根据性别和年龄组进行了调整。62%拥有完整数据的参与者（n=1001）被归类为非必需饮料的消费者。消费最多的饮料是软饮料（39.0%）和调味茶/咖啡（23.1%）。非必需饮料提供的营养成分比例最大的是总糖（占每位消费者总糖的27.2%）。与非消费者相比，非必需饮料的消费者具有更高的平均每日能量摄入量（kJ）（8736对7294），总糖（16.5比13.3）（p＜0.001）和饱和脂肪（12.5比12.0）（p＞0.05）的能量百分比（%E）较高，但蛋白质（18.5比20.5）较低（p＜001）。非酒精非必需饮料的消费仍然是年轻人能量和总糖的重要来源。
{"title":"High Consumption of Discretionary Beverages in Young Australian Adults Aged 18–30 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"A. Duncan, A. Rangan, Pui Ying Ho, Virginia Chan, Alyse Davies, Lyndal Wellard-Cole, M. Allman-Farinelli","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1020011","url":null,"abstract":"Despite health advice and campaigns, discretionary beverages remain a source of added sweeteners (sugar and intense sweeteners) and fat in the dietary intakes of many young adults. This study aimed to determine discretionary beverage consumption amongst 18 to 30-year-olds residing in New South Wales, Australia. Data were collected in 2017/2018 during the MYMeals study in which 1044 participants recorded their food and beverage consumption over a three-day period, using the purpose-designed Eat and Track (EaT) app. Discretionary beverages included all water-based and milk-based drinks with added sugar, intense sweeteners or fats and excluded alcoholic beverages. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the proportion of consumers for different types of beverages, and contribution to overall energy and nutrient intakes. ANCOVA analyses compared the energy and nutrient intakes of consumers and non-consumers, adjusted for gender and age group. Sixty-two percent of participants with complete data (n = 1001) were classified as consumers of discretionary beverages. The most consumed beverages were soft drinks (39.0%) and flavoured tea/coffee (23.1%). The greatest proportion of nutrients contributed by discretionary beverages was total sugars (27.2% of total per consumers). In comparison to non-consumers, consumers of discretionary beverages had higher mean daily intakes of energy (kJ) (8736 versus 7294), and higher percentage energy (%E) from total sugars (16.5 versus 13.3) (p < 0.001) and saturated fat (12.5 versus 12.0) (p < 0.05) but lower protein (18.5 versus 20.5) (p < 0.001). The consumption of non-alcoholic discretionary beverages continues to be a source of significant energy and total sugars among young adults.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47361192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-05DOI: 10.3390/dietetics1020010
Marta Cecchini, Teresa Urbano, D. Lasagni, Tiziana De Luca, M. Malavolti, C. Baraldi, S. Grioni, C. Agnoli, S. Sieri, A. Santachiara, T. Pertinhez, S. Fustinoni, R. Baricchi, M. Vinceti, T. Filippini
Diet has long been identified as a major determinant of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. In this study, we assess the relation between adherence to different dietary patterns and biochemical and metabolic parameters as well as the 10-year risk of major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in a community of blood donors in Northern Italy. We assess their adherence to four dietary patterns, namely, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the Mediterranean diet through the Greek and Italian Mediterranean Indices (GMI and IMI) and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We then assess their association with blood parameters and the 10-year risk of major CVD using a spline regression model. We found an inverse association between the DASH and MIND diets and total and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride and HDL cholesterol values for the Mediterranean diets (IMI and GMI). Additionally, according to our sex-stratified analyses, men who have greater adherence to dietary patterns have a decreased risk of major CVD for all patterns. The results suggest that greater adherence to dietary patterns positively influences blood biochemical and metabolic parameters, thus reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and delaying the use of drug treatments.
{"title":"Dietary Patterns and Blood Biochemical and Metabolic Parameters in an Italian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Marta Cecchini, Teresa Urbano, D. Lasagni, Tiziana De Luca, M. Malavolti, C. Baraldi, S. Grioni, C. Agnoli, S. Sieri, A. Santachiara, T. Pertinhez, S. Fustinoni, R. Baricchi, M. Vinceti, T. Filippini","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1020010","url":null,"abstract":"Diet has long been identified as a major determinant of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. In this study, we assess the relation between adherence to different dietary patterns and biochemical and metabolic parameters as well as the 10-year risk of major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in a community of blood donors in Northern Italy. We assess their adherence to four dietary patterns, namely, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, the Mediterranean diet through the Greek and Italian Mediterranean Indices (GMI and IMI) and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We then assess their association with blood parameters and the 10-year risk of major CVD using a spline regression model. We found an inverse association between the DASH and MIND diets and total and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride and HDL cholesterol values for the Mediterranean diets (IMI and GMI). Additionally, according to our sex-stratified analyses, men who have greater adherence to dietary patterns have a decreased risk of major CVD for all patterns. The results suggest that greater adherence to dietary patterns positively influences blood biochemical and metabolic parameters, thus reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and delaying the use of drug treatments.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41382518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.3390/dietetics1020009
Ü. Parm, A. Tamm, Triin Aasmäe, Kaido Liiv, Aivar Orav, Ester Jaansoo, Kaisa Lohu, Irina Tamme
(1) Background: Although the effects of diets used worldwide, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been repeatedly studied, the effects of diet plans developed by national nutritionists are unknown. Our cross-sectional study aimed to assess the effects of the commercial Fitlap diet plan, widely used among Estonians, on bone mineral density (BMD), while considering other influential factors (physical activity, body composition, and macro- and micro-nutrients). (2) Methods: A total of 68 women participated (followers of Fitlap diet—FDF, n = 34; age-matched controls, n = 34). Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), including the whole body (WB) and areal BMD from the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS), and blood micro-nutrient levels were measured. The menu analysis was based on dietary recalls. (3) Results: The Fitlap diet contains significantly more calcium (p < 0.001) and magnesium (p = 0.007). FDF consume more fiber (coef. 6.49; p < 0.001) and protein (coef. 20.12; p < 0.001), which influences fat-free mass (coef. 3674.8; p = 0.008) and vitamin B12 blood values (coef. 184.98; p < 0.001). The only influencing factor of WB BMD, LS, and FN aBMD was fat-free mass (coef. in all locations 0.000009; and p = 0.015; p = 0.015; p = 0.01, respectively). (4) Conclusions: Fitlap is an example of a commercial diet plan that has no negative effects on bones.
{"title":"Regular and Long-Term Effects of a Commercial Diet on Bone Mineral Density","authors":"Ü. Parm, A. Tamm, Triin Aasmäe, Kaido Liiv, Aivar Orav, Ester Jaansoo, Kaisa Lohu, Irina Tamme","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1020009","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: Although the effects of diets used worldwide, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been repeatedly studied, the effects of diet plans developed by national nutritionists are unknown. Our cross-sectional study aimed to assess the effects of the commercial Fitlap diet plan, widely used among Estonians, on bone mineral density (BMD), while considering other influential factors (physical activity, body composition, and macro- and micro-nutrients). (2) Methods: A total of 68 women participated (followers of Fitlap diet—FDF, n = 34; age-matched controls, n = 34). Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), including the whole body (WB) and areal BMD from the femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS), and blood micro-nutrient levels were measured. The menu analysis was based on dietary recalls. (3) Results: The Fitlap diet contains significantly more calcium (p < 0.001) and magnesium (p = 0.007). FDF consume more fiber (coef. 6.49; p < 0.001) and protein (coef. 20.12; p < 0.001), which influences fat-free mass (coef. 3674.8; p = 0.008) and vitamin B12 blood values (coef. 184.98; p < 0.001). The only influencing factor of WB BMD, LS, and FN aBMD was fat-free mass (coef. in all locations 0.000009; and p = 0.015; p = 0.015; p = 0.01, respectively). (4) Conclusions: Fitlap is an example of a commercial diet plan that has no negative effects on bones.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49446058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic disorder frequently associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene found in trace amounts in some food items. It has been extensively used as a treatment option for metabolic disorders but its use in PCOS treatment has been limited. This review emphasizes the effect of resveratrol on the clinical features of PCOS, ovarian morphology, androgen profile, markers of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and metabolic markers associated with PCOS.
{"title":"Effects of Resveratrol on Metabolic, Biochemical, and Endocrine Manifestations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","authors":"Pallavi Dubey, Ted Shi, Mallorie Coltharp, Sireesha Reddy","doi":"10.3390/dietetics1020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics1020008","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic disorder frequently associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene found in trace amounts in some food items. It has been extensively used as a treatment option for metabolic disorders but its use in PCOS treatment has been limited. This review emphasizes the effect of resveratrol on the clinical features of PCOS, ovarian morphology, androgen profile, markers of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and metabolic markers associated with PCOS.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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