Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00014-1
Alia Albinali, Sarah Naja, Noora Al Kaabi, Nagah Slim
Background: Anxiety among adolescents may lead to disability and has a tremendous impact on one's quality of life. The alarming COVID-19 pandemic is expected to increase the anxiety level of adolescents especially with enforced governmental management strategies. This study will assess anxiety symptoms among secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar.
Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among adolescents attending independent secondary schools in Qatar. First, potential participants were invited through Microsoft teams. Next, a total of 750 participants were assessed through the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool. We then conducted descriptive analyses and the Chi-square test to examine significant determinants of anxiety, which was followed by logistic regression analysis. In the end, the scale was tested for its internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha.
Results: Anxiety symptoms were seen in 37.2% of the participants. Female gender, previous history of mental illness, comorbidities, permissive parenting style, and spending more than 12 h per day on the internet were significant determinants of anxiety. Furthermore, a previous history of mental illness, low perceived social support, isolation, and social distancing predicted anxiety.
Conclusions: Anxiety is common among secondary school students in Qatar, and preventive interventions must target the determinants, especially during a pandemic.
{"title":"Screening for anxiety and its determinants among secondary school students during the COVID-19 era: a snapshot from Qatar in 2021.","authors":"Alia Albinali, Sarah Naja, Noora Al Kaabi, Nagah Slim","doi":"10.1007/s44192-022-00014-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-022-00014-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety among adolescents may lead to disability and has a tremendous impact on one's quality of life. The alarming COVID-19 pandemic is expected to increase the anxiety level of adolescents especially with enforced governmental management strategies. This study will assess anxiety symptoms among secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among adolescents attending independent secondary schools in Qatar. First, potential participants were invited through Microsoft teams. Next, a total of 750 participants were assessed through the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool. We then conducted descriptive analyses and the Chi-square test to examine significant determinants of anxiety, which was followed by logistic regression analysis. In the end, the scale was tested for its internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety symptoms were seen in 37.2% of the participants. Female gender, previous history of mental illness, comorbidities, permissive parenting style, and spending more than 12 h per day on the internet were significant determinants of anxiety. Furthermore, a previous history of mental illness, low perceived social support, isolation, and social distancing predicted anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anxiety is common among secondary school students in Qatar, and preventive interventions must target the determinants, especially during a pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9150388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00020-3
Shawna K Narayan, Vivian W L Tsang, Yue Qian
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious public health threat that many countries in the world are facing. While several measures are being taken to minimize the spread of infection, mental health efforts must address psychological challenges due to the pandemic. This commentary reflects on original research from earlier epicenters of COVID-19 and identifies effective practices and suggestions applicable to mental health interventions in the North American context. Tailored mental health services need to be provided for populations that are at high risk of infection. Suggested interventions targeting specific population groups, such as healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients, and vulnerable populations, are discussed.
{"title":"Reflecting on earlier affected areas that shaped COVID-19 mental health efforts.","authors":"Shawna K Narayan, Vivian W L Tsang, Yue Qian","doi":"10.1007/s44192-022-00020-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-022-00020-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious public health threat that many countries in the world are facing. While several measures are being taken to minimize the spread of infection, mental health efforts must address psychological challenges due to the pandemic. This commentary reflects on original research from earlier epicenters of COVID-19 and identifies effective practices and suggestions applicable to mental health interventions in the North American context. Tailored mental health services need to be provided for populations that are at high risk of infection. Suggested interventions targeting specific population groups, such as healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients, and vulnerable populations, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9272644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40601891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-04-15DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00012-3
Mani Yavi, Holim Lee, Ioline D Henter, Lawrence T Park, Carlos A Zarate
This manuscript reviews the clinical evidence regarding single-dose intravenous (IV) administration of the novel glutamatergic modulator racemic (R,S)-ketamine (hereafter referred to as ketamine) as well as its S-enantiomer, intranasal esketamine, for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Initial studies found that a single subanesthetic-dose IV ketamine infusion rapidly (within one day) improved depressive symptoms in individuals with MDD and bipolar depression, with antidepressant effects lasting three to seven days. In 2019, esketamine received FDA approval as an adjunctive treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults. Esketamine was approved under a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) that requires administration under medical supervision. Both ketamine and esketamine are currently viable treatment options for TRD that offer the possibility of rapid symptom improvement. The manuscript also reviews ketamine's use in other psychiatric diagnoses-including suicidality, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and social anxiety disorder-and its potential adverse effects. Despite limited data, side effects for antidepressant-dose ketamine-including dissociative symptoms, hypertension, and confusion/agitation-appear to be tolerable and limited to around the time of treatment. Relatively little is known about ketamine's longer-term effects, including increased risks of abuse and/or dependence. Attempts to prolong ketamine's effects with combined therapy or a repeat-dose strategy are also reviewed, as are current guidelines for its clinical use. In addition to presenting a novel and valuable treatment option, studying ketamine also has the potential to transform our understanding of the mechanisms underlying mood disorders and the development of novel therapeutics.
本手稿回顾了有关单剂量静脉注射新型谷氨酸能调节剂外消旋(R,S)-氯胺酮(以下简称 "氯胺酮")及其S-对映体--鼻内氯胺酮(intranasal esketamine)治疗重度抑郁症(MDD)的临床证据。初步研究发现,单次亚麻醉剂量静脉注射氯胺酮可迅速(一天内)改善重度抑郁症和双相抑郁症患者的抑郁症状,抗抑郁效果可持续三至七天。2019 年,埃斯氯胺酮获得 FDA 批准,可作为治疗成人难治性抑郁症(TRD)的辅助疗法。艾司氯胺酮是在风险评估和缓解策略(REMS)下获批的,该策略要求在医疗监督下用药。氯胺酮和艾司氯胺酮目前都是治疗TRD的可行疗法,可迅速改善症状。手稿还回顾了氯胺酮在其他精神疾病(包括自杀、强迫症、创伤后应激障碍、药物滥用和社交焦虑症)中的应用及其潜在的不良反应。尽管数据有限,但抗抑郁剂量氯胺酮的副作用--包括分离症状、高血压和混乱/激动--似乎是可以忍受的,而且仅限于治疗前后。至于氯胺酮的长期影响,包括增加滥用和/或依赖的风险,目前还知之甚少。此外,还回顾了通过联合疗法或重复剂量策略来延长氯胺酮疗效的尝试,以及目前氯胺酮的临床使用指南。除了提供一种新颖而有价值的治疗选择外,对氯胺酮的研究还有可能改变我们对情绪障碍内在机制的理解,并促进新型疗法的开发。
{"title":"Ketamine treatment for depression: a review.","authors":"Mani Yavi, Holim Lee, Ioline D Henter, Lawrence T Park, Carlos A Zarate","doi":"10.1007/s44192-022-00012-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-022-00012-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This manuscript reviews the clinical evidence regarding single-dose intravenous (IV) administration of the novel glutamatergic modulator racemic (<i>R,S</i>)-ketamine (hereafter referred to as ketamine) as well as its <i>S</i>-enantiomer, intranasal esketamine, for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Initial studies found that a single subanesthetic-dose IV ketamine infusion rapidly (within one day) improved depressive symptoms in individuals with MDD and bipolar depression, with antidepressant effects lasting three to seven days. In 2019, esketamine received FDA approval as an adjunctive treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults. Esketamine was approved under a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) that requires administration under medical supervision. Both ketamine and esketamine are currently viable treatment options for TRD that offer the possibility of rapid symptom improvement. The manuscript also reviews ketamine's use in other psychiatric diagnoses-including suicidality, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, and social anxiety disorder-and its potential adverse effects. Despite limited data, side effects for antidepressant-dose ketamine-including dissociative symptoms, hypertension, and confusion/agitation-appear to be tolerable and limited to around the time of treatment. Relatively little is known about ketamine's longer-term effects, including increased risks of abuse and/or dependence. Attempts to prolong ketamine's effects with combined therapy or a repeat-dose strategy are also reviewed, as are current guidelines for its clinical use. In addition to presenting a novel and valuable treatment option, studying ketamine also has the potential to transform our understanding of the mechanisms underlying mood disorders and the development of novel therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9010394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49669131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00024-z
Christina M Cruz, Choden Dukpa, Juliana L Vanderburg, Abhishek K Rauniyar, Priscilla Giri, Surekha Bhattarai, Arpana Thapa, Karen Hampanda, Bradley N Gaynes, Molly M Lamb, Michael Matergia
Background: The acceptability of teachers delivering task-shifted mental health care to their school-aged students is understudied. Here, we evaluate teachers', students', and caregivers' acceptability of Tealeaf (Teachers Leading the Frontlines), an alternative system of care in which teachers are trained and supervised to deliver transdiagnostic, non-manualized task-shifted care to their students.
Methods: In a 2019 single-arm, mixed methods, pragmatic acceptability pilot study in Darjeeling, India, 13 teachers delivered task-shifted child mental health care to 26 students in need. Teachers delivered care through using a transdiagnostic, non-manualized therapy modality, "education as mental health therapy" (Ed-MH). Measured with validated scales, teachers' and students' acceptability were compared after teacher training (PRE) and at the end of intervention (POST) using paired t tests. Teachers (n = 7), students (n = 7), and caregivers (n = 7) completed semi-structured interviews POST.
Results: Teachers' quantitative measures indicated moderate acceptability PRE and POST and did not change PRE to POST. Children's measures showed acceptability PRE and POST but decreased PRE to POST. Teachers and caregivers universally expressed acceptability in interviews. Facilitators of acceptability included impact, trust of teachers, and teachers' ability to make adaptations. Conditions required for acceptability included supervision and teachers emphasizing academics benefits over mental health benefits to caregivers. Barriers to acceptability included a lack of teacher time and stigma. Interviewed students universally were unaware of receiving care; teachers intentionally avoided singling them out.
Conclusion: Teachers, caregivers, and children found teacher delivering task-shifted care acceptable, a key factor in care adoption and sustainability, though interviewed children were unaware of receiving care.Trial registration The trial was registered on January 01, 2018 with Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI), Reg. No. CTRI/2018/01/011471, Ref. No. REF/2017/11/015895. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=21129&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2721129det%27.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-022-00024-z.
背景:关于教师为学龄学生提供任务转移式心理健康护理的可接受性,研究还不够深入。在此,我们评估了教师、学生和照护者对 Tealeaf(教师引领前线)的接受度。Tealeaf(教师引领前线)是一种替代照护系统,在该系统中,教师接受培训和监督,为学生提供跨诊断、非人工化的任务转移照护:在印度大吉岭开展的 2019 年单臂、混合方法、实用可接受性试点研究中,13 名教师为 26 名有需要的学生提供了任务转移式儿童心理保健服务。教师们通过使用一种跨诊断、非人工化的治疗模式--"教育即心理健康治疗"(Ed-MH)--来提供护理服务。教师培训结束后(PRE)和干预结束后(POST),教师和学生的接受度采用经验证的量表进行测量,并使用配对 t 检验进行比较。教师(7 人)、学生(7 人)和护理人员(7 人)在干预结束后完成了半结构化访谈:结果:教师的定量测量结果表明,PRE 和 POST 阶段的接受度适中,PRE 和 POST 阶段的接受度没有变化。儿童的测量结果表明,在实施前和实施后可以接受,但在实施前和实施后有所下降。教师和保育员在访谈中普遍表示可以接受。可接受性的促进因素包括影响、对教师的信任以及教师进行调整的能力。可接受性所需的条件包括监督和教师强调对学术的益处多于对照顾者心理健康的益处。影响接受的障碍包括教师缺乏时间和耻辱感。受访学生普遍不知道自己在接受照顾;教师有意避免将他们单独列出:教师、护理人员和儿童认为教师提供的任务转移护理是可以接受的,这是护理采用和可持续性的一个关键因素,尽管受访儿童不知道自己接受了护理。试验注册 该试验于 2018 年 1 月 1 日在印度临床试验注册中心(CTRI)注册,注册号为 CTRI/2018/01/01。编号:CTRI/2018/01/011471, Ref.http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=21129&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2721129det%27.Supplementary 信息:在线版本包含补充材料,可查阅 10.1007/s44192-022-00024-z。
{"title":"Teacher, caregiver, and student acceptability of teachers delivering task-shifted mental health care to students in Darjeeling, India: a mixed methods pilot study.","authors":"Christina M Cruz, Choden Dukpa, Juliana L Vanderburg, Abhishek K Rauniyar, Priscilla Giri, Surekha Bhattarai, Arpana Thapa, Karen Hampanda, Bradley N Gaynes, Molly M Lamb, Michael Matergia","doi":"10.1007/s44192-022-00024-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-022-00024-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The acceptability of teachers delivering task-shifted mental health care to their school-aged students is understudied. Here, we evaluate teachers', students', and caregivers' acceptability of <i>Tealeaf</i> (Teachers Leading the Frontlines), an alternative system of care in which teachers are trained and supervised to deliver transdiagnostic, non-manualized task-shifted care to their students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a 2019 single-arm, mixed methods, pragmatic acceptability pilot study in Darjeeling, India, 13 teachers delivered task-shifted child mental health care to 26 students in need. Teachers delivered care through using a transdiagnostic, non-manualized therapy modality, \"education as mental health therapy\" (Ed-MH). Measured with validated scales, teachers' and students' acceptability were compared after teacher training (PRE) and at the end of intervention (POST) using paired <i>t</i> tests. Teachers (n = 7), students (n = 7), and caregivers (n = 7) completed semi-structured interviews POST.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Teachers' quantitative measures indicated moderate acceptability PRE and POST and did not change PRE to POST. Children's measures showed acceptability PRE and POST but decreased PRE to POST. Teachers and caregivers universally expressed acceptability in interviews. Facilitators of acceptability included impact, trust of teachers, and teachers' ability to make adaptations. Conditions required for acceptability included supervision and teachers emphasizing academics benefits over mental health benefits to caregivers. Barriers to acceptability included a lack of teacher time and stigma. Interviewed students universally were unaware of receiving care; teachers intentionally avoided singling them out.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Teachers, caregivers, and children found teacher delivering task-shifted care acceptable, a key factor in care adoption and sustainability, though interviewed children were unaware of receiving care.<i>Trial registration</i> The trial was registered on January 01, 2018 with Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI), Reg. No. CTRI/2018/01/011471, Ref. No. REF/2017/11/015895. http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=21129&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2721129det%27.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-022-00024-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9622553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9155342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00017-y
Martin Tušl, Anja Thelen, Kailing Marcus, Alexandra Peters, Evgeniya Shalaeva, Benjamin Scheckel, Martin Sykora, Suzanne Elayan, John A Naslund, Ketan Shankardass, Stephen J Mooney, Marta Fadda, Oliver Gruebner
The present commentary discusses how social media big data could be used in mental health research to assess the impact of major global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We first provide a brief overview of the COVID-19 situation and the challenges associated with the assessment of its global impact on mental health using conventional methods. We then propose social media big data as a possible unconventional data source, provide illustrative examples of previous studies, and discuss the advantages and challenges associated with their use for mental health research. We conclude that social media big data represent a valuable resource for mental health research, however, several methodological limitations and ethical concerns need to be addressed to ensure safe use.
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges of using social media big data to assess mental health consequences of the COVID-19 crisis and future major events.","authors":"Martin Tušl, Anja Thelen, Kailing Marcus, Alexandra Peters, Evgeniya Shalaeva, Benjamin Scheckel, Martin Sykora, Suzanne Elayan, John A Naslund, Ketan Shankardass, Stephen J Mooney, Marta Fadda, Oliver Gruebner","doi":"10.1007/s44192-022-00017-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-022-00017-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present commentary discusses how social media big data could be used in mental health research to assess the impact of major global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We first provide a brief overview of the COVID-19 situation and the challenges associated with the assessment of its global impact on mental health using conventional methods. We then propose social media big data as a possible unconventional data source, provide illustrative examples of previous studies, and discuss the advantages and challenges associated with their use for mental health research. We conclude that social media big data represent a valuable resource for mental health research, however, several methodological limitations and ethical concerns need to be addressed to ensure safe use.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9243703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00005-2
Rasma Muzaffar, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Sabrina Choudhury, Md Abdullah Al Jubayer Biswas, Shirmin Bintay Kader, Rehnuma Abdullah, Umme Kawser, M Tasdik Hasan, Darryn Williams, Ariful Bari Chowdhury, Helal Uddin Ahmed
In the current COVID-19 pandemic there are reports of deteriorating psychological conditions among university students in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), but very little is known about the gender differences in the mental health conditions on this population. This study aims to assess generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among university students using a gender lens during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted using web-based Google forms between May 2020 and August 2020 among 605 current students of two universities in Bangladesh. Within the total 605 study participants, 59.5% (360) were female. The prevalence of mild to severe anxiety disorder was 61.8% among females and 38.2% among males. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, females were 2.21 times more likely to have anxiety compared to males [AOR: 2.21; CI 95% (1.28-53.70); p-value: 0.004] and participants' age was negatively associated with increased levels of anxiety (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.05-0.57; p = 0.001). In addition, participants who were worried about academic delays were more anxious than those who were not worried about it (AOR: 2.82; 95% CI 1.50-5.31, p = 0.001). These findings of this study will add value to the existing limited evidence and strongly advocate in designing gender-specific, low-intensity interventions to ensure comprehensive mental health services for the young adult population of Bangladesh.
在当前的COVID-19大流行中,有报告称中低收入国家大学生的心理状况正在恶化,但人们对这一人群心理健康状况的性别差异知之甚少。本研究旨在利用性别视角评估新冠肺炎大流行期间大学生的广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)。在2020年5月至2020年8月期间,使用基于网络的谷歌表格对孟加拉国两所大学的605名在校学生进行了横断面研究。在605名研究参与者中,59.5%(360人)是女性。轻至重度焦虑障碍的患病率女性为61.8%,男性为38.2%。在多变量logistic回归分析中,女性出现焦虑的可能性是男性的2.21倍[AOR: 2.21;Ci 95% (1.28-53.70);p值:0.004],参与者的年龄与焦虑水平的增加呈负相关(AOR = 0.17;95% ci = 0.05-0.57;p = 0.001)。此外,担心学业延迟的参与者比不担心学业延迟的参与者更焦虑(AOR: 2.82;95% CI 1.50-5.31, p = 0.001)。本研究的这些发现将增加现有有限证据的价值,并大力提倡设计针对性别的低强度干预措施,以确保为孟加拉国青年提供全面的心理健康服务。
{"title":"Generalized anxiety disorder among Bangladeshi university students during COVID-19 pandemic: gender specific findings from a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Rasma Muzaffar, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Sabrina Choudhury, Md Abdullah Al Jubayer Biswas, Shirmin Bintay Kader, Rehnuma Abdullah, Umme Kawser, M Tasdik Hasan, Darryn Williams, Ariful Bari Chowdhury, Helal Uddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s44192-022-00005-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-022-00005-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current COVID-19 pandemic there are reports of deteriorating psychological conditions among university students in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), but very little is known about the gender differences in the mental health conditions on this population. This study aims to assess generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among university students using a gender lens during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted using web-based Google forms between May 2020 and August 2020 among 605 current students of two universities in Bangladesh. Within the total 605 study participants, 59.5% (360) were female. The prevalence of mild to severe anxiety disorder was 61.8% among females and 38.2% among males. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, females were 2.21 times more likely to have anxiety compared to males [AOR: 2.21; CI 95% (1.28-53.70); p-value: 0.004] and participants' age was negatively associated with increased levels of anxiety (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.05-0.57; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In addition, participants who were worried about academic delays were more anxious than those who were not worried about it (AOR: 2.82; 95% CI 1.50-5.31, <i>p</i> = 0.001). These findings of this study will add value to the existing limited evidence and strongly advocate in designing gender-specific, low-intensity interventions to ensure comprehensive mental health services for the young adult population of Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8848456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10267717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1
Yitong I Shen, Andrew J Nelson, Brandon G Oberlin
Sustained remission from substance use disorder (SUD) is challenged by high relapse rates, which provides opportunities for novel clinical interventions. Immersive virtual reality (VR) permits delivering synthetic experiences that feel real and actualizes otherwise impossible scenarios for therapeutic benefit. We report on the feasibility of an immersive VR intervention designed to increase valuation of the future by enhancing future self-continuity and leveraging future self-discrepancy with personalized future selves as SUD recovery support. Twenty-one adults in early SUD recovery (< 1 year) interacted with versions of themselves age-progressed fifteen years from two different behavioral trajectories: an SUD Future Self and a Recovery Future Self. The future selves' interactive monologs include personalized details and voice for a lifelike interaction within a time travel vignette. Before and following the intervention, participants rated future self-continuity and performed delay discounting. Following the intervention, daily images of the Recovery Future Self were sent to participants' smartphones for thirty days. The VR intervention generated no adverse events, was well tolerated (presence, liking, and comfort), and significantly increased future self-continuity and delayed reward preference (doubling delay tolerance). The intervention also reduced craving, ps < 0.05. Thirty days later, n = 18 remained abstinent; importantly, increased future self-similarity persisted. Abstainers' future self-similarity increased following VR. All individual participants showing increased future self-similarity post-VR remained abstinent, and all participants who relapsed showed either reduced or zero effect on future self-similarity. Post-intervention semi-structured interviews revealed emotional engagement with the experience. VR simulation of imagined realities reifies novel clinical interventions that are practicable and personalized. The current study demonstrates an implementation readily applied in the clinic and shows promise for facilitating SUD recovery. Creative collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and VR developers has great potential to revolutionize mental health interventions and expand the range of tools for clinicians targeting SUD and other disorders.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1.
物质使用障碍(SUD)的持续缓解受到高复发率的挑战,这为新的临床干预提供了机会。沉浸式虚拟现实(VR)允许提供感觉真实的合成体验,并实现否则不可能实现的治疗效果。我们报告了一种沉浸式VR干预的可行性,该干预旨在通过增强未来的自我连续性和利用未来的自我差异与个性化的未来自我作为SUD恢复支持来提高对未来的评估。21例早期康复的成人(ps n = 18)保持戒断;重要的是,未来的自相似性持续增加。戒酒者未来的自相似度在虚拟现实后增加。所有在vr后表现出未来自我相似性增加的个体参与者都保持戒断,所有复发的参与者对未来自我相似性的影响要么减少,要么为零。干预后的半结构化访谈揭示了对体验的情感投入。虚拟现实对想象现实的模拟使实用和个性化的新型临床干预具体化。目前的研究证明了一种易于应用于临床的实施方法,并显示出促进SUD恢复的希望。研究人员、临床医生和VR开发者之间的创造性合作具有巨大的潜力,可以彻底改变心理健康干预措施,并扩大临床医生针对SUD和其他疾病的工具范围。补充资料:在线版本包含补充资料,提供地址:10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1。
{"title":"Virtual reality intervention effects on future self-continuity and delayed reward preference in substance use disorder recovery: pilot study results.","authors":"Yitong I Shen, Andrew J Nelson, Brandon G Oberlin","doi":"10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sustained remission from substance use disorder (SUD) is challenged by high relapse rates, which provides opportunities for novel clinical interventions. Immersive virtual reality (VR) permits delivering synthetic experiences that feel real and actualizes otherwise impossible scenarios for therapeutic benefit. We report on the feasibility of an immersive VR intervention designed to increase valuation of the future by enhancing future self-continuity and leveraging future self-discrepancy with personalized future selves as SUD recovery support. Twenty-one adults in early SUD recovery (< 1 year) interacted with versions of themselves age-progressed fifteen years from two different behavioral trajectories: an SUD Future Self and a Recovery Future Self. The future selves' interactive monologs include personalized details and voice for a lifelike interaction within a time travel vignette. Before and following the intervention, participants rated future self-continuity and performed delay discounting. Following the intervention, daily images of the Recovery Future Self were sent to participants' smartphones for thirty days. The VR intervention generated no adverse events, was well tolerated (presence, liking, and comfort), and significantly increased future self-continuity and delayed reward preference (doubling delay tolerance). The intervention also reduced craving, <i>p</i>s < 0.05. Thirty days later, <i>n</i> = 18 remained abstinent; importantly, increased future self-similarity persisted. Abstainers' future self-similarity increased following VR. All individual participants showing increased future self-similarity post-VR remained abstinent, and all participants who relapsed showed either reduced or zero effect on future self-similarity. Post-intervention semi-structured interviews revealed emotional engagement with the experience. VR simulation of imagined realities reifies novel clinical interventions that are practicable and personalized. The current study demonstrates an implementation readily applied in the clinic and shows promise for facilitating SUD recovery. Creative collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and VR developers has great potential to revolutionize mental health interventions and expand the range of tools for clinicians targeting SUD and other disorders.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44192-022-00022-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1007/s44192-021-00003-w
Katharina F Pfaffinger, Julia A M Reif, Andreas K Huber, Vera M Eger, Melina K Dengler, Jan Philipp Czakert, Erika Spieß, Rita Berger
The increasing spread of digital technologies and respective consequences for the way we live, work, and communicate can evoke feelings of tension and discomfort. This so-called digitalisation anxiety is related to existing and future technologies, includes the process of digitalisation in everyday life, and refers to multiple levels (the individual, organisations, and society). Existing scales measuring technology-related fears due not adequately reflect these features. Therefore, we developed the German version of the Digitalisation Anxiety Scale (DAS). Having generated items based on a qualitative interview study (Study 1, n = 26), we demonstrated the DAS's factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity in Study 2a (n = 109) and test-retest reliability in Study 2b (n = 30). In Study 3 (n = 223), the scale's structure was confirmed and correlates of digitalisation anxiety were examined. The final version of the DAS consists of 35 items with a four-factor structure (societal triggers for digitalisation anxiety, triggers related to interaction and leadership, triggers within oneself and triggers resulting from the digitalisation implementation process). Digitalisation Anxiety had negative relationships with well-being and performance. The scale allows practitioners and researchers to measure and benchmark individuals' levels of digitalisation anxiety, and to track changes over time. The scale can inform interventions aiming at reducing digitalisation anxiety and stress resulting from digitalisation.
{"title":"Digitalisation anxiety: development and validation of a new scale.","authors":"Katharina F Pfaffinger, Julia A M Reif, Andreas K Huber, Vera M Eger, Melina K Dengler, Jan Philipp Czakert, Erika Spieß, Rita Berger","doi":"10.1007/s44192-021-00003-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-021-00003-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing spread of digital technologies and respective consequences for the way we live, work, and communicate can evoke feelings of tension and discomfort. This so-called digitalisation anxiety is related to existing and future technologies, includes the process of digitalisation in everyday life, and refers to multiple levels (the individual, organisations, and society). Existing scales measuring technology-related fears due not adequately reflect these features. Therefore, we developed the German version of the Digitalisation Anxiety Scale (DAS). Having generated items based on a qualitative interview study (Study 1, n = 26), we demonstrated the DAS's factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity in Study 2a (n = 109) and test-retest reliability in Study 2b (n = 30). In Study 3 (n = 223), the scale's structure was confirmed and correlates of digitalisation anxiety were examined. The final version of the DAS consists of 35 items with a four-factor structure (societal triggers for digitalisation anxiety, triggers related to interaction and leadership, triggers within oneself and triggers resulting from the digitalisation implementation process). Digitalisation Anxiety had negative relationships with well-being and performance. The scale allows practitioners and researchers to measure and benchmark individuals' levels of digitalisation anxiety, and to track changes over time. The scale can inform interventions aiming at reducing digitalisation anxiety and stress resulting from digitalisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10498141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41864700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1007/s44192-021-00001-y
Julio Licinio, Ma-Li Wong
Climate change represents a major global challenge. Some hallmarks of climate change that have been connected to human activity include an increase of 0.8-1.2 °C in global temperatures as well as the warming of upper ocean water. Importantly, approximately 500 million people worldwide face the consequences of desertification. Simultaneously, the world population has grown from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion today, greatly exacerbating the human toll of devastating environmental disasters, which result in increasingly larger and more common mass migrations that also fuel human trafficking and modern-day slavery. The mental health outcomes are staggering and include, in the context of chronic stress, addiction, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, major depression, and suicidality. Mental health practitioners, healthcare systems, and governments across the world need to be prepared to address the mental health sequelae of climate change.
{"title":"Climate change and mental health: a commentary.","authors":"Julio Licinio, Ma-Li Wong","doi":"10.1007/s44192-021-00001-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-021-00001-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change represents a major global challenge. Some hallmarks of climate change that have been connected to human activity include an increase of 0.8-1.2 °C in global temperatures as well as the warming of upper ocean water. Importantly, approximately 500 million people worldwide face the consequences of desertification. Simultaneously, the world population has grown from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion today, greatly exacerbating the human toll of devastating environmental disasters, which result in increasingly larger and more common mass migrations that also fuel human trafficking and modern-day slavery. The mental health outcomes are staggering and include, in the context of chronic stress, addiction, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, major depression, and suicidality. Mental health practitioners, healthcare systems, and governments across the world need to be prepared to address the mental health sequelae of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10498147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44539631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01Epub Date: 2021-10-25DOI: 10.1007/s44192-021-00002-x
Menno Baumann
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, much research has been done on the psycho-social consequences, especially for children, adolescents and families. In the long run, there is a large set of quantitative data available. However, these still seem to be not well understood. Theoretical classifications of the evidence also diagnostic tools still seem to be open. This paper elaborates a possible systematisation based on theoretical models of systemic self-organisation theories. This leads to a model for a comprehensive psycho-social child-in-environment diagnostic to map potential problem areas. Such a theoretical framing should enable both: a deeper understanding of the impact of pandemics on young people and hypotheses for intervention strategies in the context of pandemic management as well as in the context of diagnostic-systemic interventions in psycho-social working settings. In the coming months and years, it will be essential to be able to understand and describe psychosocial disabilities that have developed in the context of the pandemic in a differentiated way in order to establish targeted interventions.
{"title":"COVID-19 and mental health in children and adolescents: a diagnostic panel to map psycho-social consequences in the pandemic context.","authors":"Menno Baumann","doi":"10.1007/s44192-021-00002-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44192-021-00002-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, much research has been done on the psycho-social consequences, especially for children, adolescents and families. In the long run, there is a large set of quantitative data available. However, these still seem to be not well understood. Theoretical classifications of the evidence also diagnostic tools still seem to be open. This paper elaborates a possible systematisation based on theoretical models of systemic self-organisation theories. This leads to a model for a comprehensive psycho-social child-in-environment diagnostic to map potential problem areas. Such a theoretical framing should enable both: a deeper understanding of the impact of pandemics on young people and hypotheses for intervention strategies in the context of pandemic management as well as in the context of diagnostic-systemic interventions in psycho-social working settings. In the coming months and years, it will be essential to be able to understand and describe psychosocial disabilities that have developed in the context of the pandemic in a differentiated way in order to establish targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72827,"journal":{"name":"Discover mental health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39628030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}