Discover mental health最新文献

Background: High stress affects mental and physical health, with African Americans at greater risk due to systemic inequities. The Community Resiliency Model (CRM)^®, an evidence-based intervention teaching sensory awareness skills to enhance resiliency, was evaluated among African American and White elderly participants with memory impairment to assess its effectiveness on stress-related outcomes.

Methods: Fifty-four African American and White participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were recruited in Atlanta, Georgia, for a 3-h online CRM workshop in 2021-2022 delivered by a CRM-trained nurse practitioner. Participants completed surveys pre- and 4 weeks post-intervention, including Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Somatic Symptoms Scale (SSS-8), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Paired t-tests assessed the changes in outcome measures.

Results: Among fifty-four participants, twelve were lost to follow-up. Mean age was 68 (range: 39-83 years); majority were female (81%) and African American (71%). Participants showed improvements in mean differences for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 difference: 1.4; [95% CI 0.5, 2.4]; p-value = 0.0035), somatic symptoms (SSS-8 difference: 1.9; [95% CI 0.81, 3.0]; p-value = 0.0011), and resilience (CD-RISC-10 difference: - 1.4; [95% CI - 2.8, - 0.0026]; p-value = 0.05). Perceived stress improved but was not statistically significant (PSS-10 difference: 1.0; 95% CI - 0.77, 2.9; p-value = 0.25). No racial differences were observed.

Conclusion: CRM can enhance mood, alleviate somatic symptoms, and improve resilience in elderly participants with memory concerns. It shows promise as a brief, accessible intervention for mental well-being in diverse populations. Larger studies are needed for generalizability, given the limited sample size.

Globally, there is increasing need to address the burden of mental illness on populations, including youth, and increasing recognition of the role of social determinants on mental health. The study of resilience, as an ecological process of individual and community resource mobilisation in the face of adversity, is a promising lens through which to understand culturally and contextually relevant factors that enhance or inhibit mental wellbeing. This paper reports on a validation of a reduced, 2-factor, 17-item form of the child and youth resilience measure (CYRM-28) on a population of youth in Aotearoa (New Zealand) who were involved in multiple service systems, including child and adolescent mental health services. It builds on previous work which validated the full 28-item scale. It responds to needs articulated by researchers and service providers for a shortened version of the CYRM-28 that reduces assessment burdens on youth and clinicians. The reduced form may be helpful in mental health settings to quickly understand the resilience resources around vulnerable youth and support interventions that build on strengths and directly address areas where resources are missing.

Amongst the correctional worker population, a wide range of demographic characteristics shape mental health outcomes, organizational stigma, and treatment-seeking, including gender and/or sex differences. Yet, considerations of the relationship between gender and especially sex and mental health in correctional systems internationally remain understudied and have not been investigated on a national scale. In the current national study, we quantitatively analyze Canadian provincial and territorial correctional workers' (n = 3,740) sex correlates with other sociodemographic variables, and examine the prevalence of potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), correctional-specific PPTEs, occupational stressors, suicide-related behaviour (ideation, plan, and attempt), and several mental health disorders. Survey findings indicate statistically significant sex differences in exposure to all types of PPTEs, with the exception of captivity and life-threatening illness or injury. Males reported higher odds of being exposed to all types of PPTEs than females, with the exception of sexual assault and other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experiences, which females had higher odds of experiencing. Statistically significant sex differences were also evident in exposure to all types of correctional-specific PPTEs, except for instances where a person died while under their supervision. Other significant relationships found are discussed and reiterate the necessity of incorporating concerns for gender and/or sex equality and balance in correctional settings into mental health training regimen, as well as highlight several areas for future research.

Three main theories of depression have been developed: the monoamine, plasticity and inflammation theories. While each theory has been bolstered by decades of excellent scientific evidence, individually each idea falls short for developing universally effective treatments for depression. In this perspective, we present the history and development of each theory and discuss the therapies that follow each hypothesis. We provide a unique perspective by highlighting the historical evolution, clinical implications, and the nexus between the three hypotheses. We emphasise how the theories are mutually inclusive and influence one another and are smaller parts of a larger puzzle. We suggest that future therapies should involve all three: ze: monoamines, plasticity and inflammation.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Dari-translated Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42) in university students in Herat, Afghanistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2022 with 1000 undergraduate students at Herat University. Participants completed a self-reported Dari-translated DASS-42 questionnaire. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed to assess the scale's factor structure, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The test-retest reliability was also examined over a 2-3 week interval.

Results: The CFA results indicated a good fit for the three-factor model, with RMSEA = 0.04 and CFI = 0.919, confirming the construct validity of the scale. Internal consistency was high, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.867, 0.831, and 0.848 for depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The test-retest reliability coefficients for depression, anxiety, and stress were 0.956, 0.923, and 0.951, respectively. Additionally, DASS-42 showed significant correlations with other established mental health measures, indicating good convergent validity.

Conclusion: The DASS-42 is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in Herat, Brazil. This comprehensive validation addresses previous limitations and supports the use of the scale in both clinical and non-clinical settings for early detection and intervention. Future research should explore the scale's applicability in more diverse Afghan populations and incorporate longitudinal designs to validate its predictive validity further.

Background: Onychophagia, or chronic nail biting, is a common body-focused repetitive behaviour often associated with psychological stress, anxiety, and perfectionism. Medical students may be at increased risk due to sustained mental and emotional pressures.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of onychophagia, identify associated risk factors, and examine the relationship between perceived stress levels and the frequency or severity of nail biting among medical students at Tanta University in Egypt.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 undergraduate students using a structured self-administered questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, onychophagia-related items, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Results: 57.3% of the students were actively practicing onychophagia, and it was reported more often among males (63.5%) than females (36.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.134). Among participants with onychophagia (n = 189), 18 (9.5%) were smokers, 63 (33.3%) reported a positive family history, and 30 (15.9%) reported fear of public spaces. These factors were significantly associated with nail-biting behaviour (p < 0.01 for all). No significant difference in Perceived Stress Scale scores was observed between students with and without onychophagia, and stress severity was not associated with the frequency or duration of nail-biting episodes.

Conclusion: Onychophagia was common among medical students and was significantly associated with smoking, positive family history, and fear of public spaces. Behavioural interventions are recommended among university students.