Discover mental health最新文献

Introduction: The prevalence of important public health problems like road traffic accidents (RTA) and depression are surging. This study was aimed to estimate distribution and determine the association between RTA and depression among Indian population aged 45 years and above: overall and stratified into age group, gender and across states/union territories as aspirants, achievers, and front runners.

Methods: Using Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) dataset (April 2017-December 2018), we have conducted this study among middle aged (45-59 years) and older adults and elderly (≥ 60 years) Indians. Bivariate analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of RTA and depression nationally and across aspirants, achievers, and front runner states. States and union territories were categorised as low, medium, and high as per RTA and depression prevalence, which were further cross tabulated. Spatial distribution maps were created using Microsoft Excel. We have documented the association of RTA with depression. To reduce the confounding effects of demographic and socioeconomic; health related and behavioural covariates; propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted. Nested multilevel regression modelling was analysed using STATA version 17.

Results: Prevalence of RTA was 1.84% (1.74-1.94) nationally, highest among achiever states [2.04% (1.82-2.30)]. Prevalence of depression was 6.08% (5.90-6.26) nationally, highest among aspirant states [7.02% (6.74-7.30)]. The adjusted odds of having RTA was significantly among depressed [aOR (95% CI) 1.76 (1.45-2.15)] than non-depressed participants; which was much higher among females [aOR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.43-2.62)] than in males [aOR (95%CI) 1.67 (1.29-2.16)] and much higher among middle aged [aOR (95%CI) 2.08 (1.63-2.65)]. Odds of RTA was highest across front runners [aOR (95%CI) 1.86 (1.26-2.72)] followed by aspirant states [aOR (95%CI) 1.79 (1.37-2.33)].

Conclusion: This study established the positive association between depression and road traffic accidents among middle aged, older adults and elderly. Therefore, efforts must be taken to address mental health issues in them with proper policy implication more focused on females and middle aged. Front runner's states should get the limelight followed by aspirant states.

Background: Psychological distress is becoming more prominent among employees in various workplaces, and domestic work may not be an exception. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and associated factors among domestic workers in Rwanda.

Methods: This cross-sectional study captured data from 870 domestic workers in Kigali City, Rwanda. Psychological distress was measured using questions from the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Binary Logistic regression analyses were used to ascertain the factors associated with psychological distress.

Results: The prevalence of psychological distress was 50.1%. The likelihood of having psychological distress was higher among females, those using substances of abuse, those having over four dependents in the household, and those having worked as domestic workers longer.

Conclusion: Half of the domestic workers in Kigali-Rwanda experience distress. To mitigate this burden, awareness of psychological distress among domestic workers and improvement of services to mitigate psychological distress should be increased. These services should particularly target those who are female, with more dependents, who have worked longer in the profession, and who use substances of addiction.

We retrospectively reviewed charts of 253 self-harming patients admitted to emergency units in Northern Uganda in 2021. Twenty-two (8.7%) died by suicide, especially due to organophosphate poisoning (n = 14, 63.6%). Regarding self-harm management, observed differences were noted in the type of hospital and the use of antidotes between public and private facilities. There is a need for more studies and a multisector approach to prevent and treat self-harm in Uganda.

Self-compassion (SC) and its influence on mental health have always been a significant focus in psychological research, especially given the alarming prevalence of depression among Chinese university students. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between SC, encompassing both self-warmth and self-coldness, and depression among Chinese undergraduates, with emotion regulation strategies (ERS) serving as a mediator. The sample comprised 21,353 undergraduates from Yunnan Province, China, with data collected at two time points (T1 and T2). SC was measured using the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), while depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). ERS were measured using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-short (CERQ-short). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results demonstrated that the model of self-warmth, self-coldness, ERS, and depression fit the data well. Upon controlling for depression at T1, both self-warmth and self-coldness were significant predictors of depression through ERS. ERS were found to be a significant mediator in this study. The results indicated that self-warmth enhances adaptive ERS and reduces maladaptive ERS, leading to lower levels of depression, while self-coldness has the opposite influence.

Background: The issue of substance use is increasingly being recognised as a significant global public health concern. In relation to its influence in the Arab world, scholarly investigation continues to be regarded as relatively constrained in scope. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of substance use among patients with psychiatric disorders, as well as the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of this patient population. This cross-sectional study included 671 patients with psychiatric disorders who attended an outpatient private psychiatric clinic in Amman, Jordan, between January and May 2023. We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of substance-using and non-substance-using patients. Bivariate and multiple binary logistic regression analyses were used to investigate factors associated with substance use.

Results: The patients were aged 20-80 years, with a mean age of 32.45 ± 10.18 years. Most patients were men, more than half were single and unemployed, and mood disorders were the most prevalent psychiatric disorder. Male sex, a younger age, lower educational attainment, current unemployment, and having a family history of substance use were associated with substance use. Substance users exhibited a higher propensity for engaging in self-harming behaviours, having medical conditions, and being subjected to emotional trauma.

Conclusions: This study found that patients with psychiatric disorders are vulnerable to experiencing substance use. Clinicians should contemplate directing their attention towards patients as a strategy to proactively address the issue of emerging substance use and enhance overall treatment outcomes.

This study examined the relationship between physical activity (PA) level, free time management, mental well-being, and perceptions of barriers to PA among university students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 723 Turkish university students, which included four questionnaires to assess participants' PA levels, conditions of mental well-being, free time management, and perceived barriers to PA. Multivariate linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with the participants' PA level. The study found that 216 (29.9%) of participants were inactive, 325 (45%) were minimally active, and 182 (25.1%) were health-enhancing active. While 25.23% of males were inactive, 42.02% were minimally active, and 31.45% were health-enhancing active, these rates were 31.4, 45.98, and 22.62% for females, respectively. These findings highlight that 3/4 of university students have inadequate PA levels. Changes in barriers to PA (p < 0.001), free time management (p = 0.040), and mental well-being (p < 0.001) were associated with PA levels. According to the regression analysis, only increased barriers to PA was a significant predictor of PA (p < 0.001). Given the role of health science students in public health, this study could help policymakers develop new strategies to promote healthy living and address barriers to PA, such as students' free time and mental health.

Maternal and Child Health (MCH) programs have long been integral to global public health initiatives, aiming to safeguard the well-being of both mothers and their offspring. However, amidst the comprehensive approach to physical health, the mental well-being of mothers has often been overlooked, representing a critical gap in these programs. This paper examines the importance of addressing maternal mental health within the framework of MCH programs, highlighting its significance and the repercussions of its neglect. Despite its profound impact on maternal and child outcomes, issues such as postpartum depression, anxiety, and maternal stress are frequently disregarded in MCH interventions. This oversight not only undermines the holistic nature of maternal health but also perpetuates cycles of poor mental health within families and communities. Herewith, an effort was made to highlight the importance of maternal mental health and the need to focus and strengthen awareness about it through policy and programs.

High rates of cardiometabolic disease and poor physical health outcomes contribute to significant premature mortality in people living with severe mental illness (PLWSMI). Lifestyle interventions such as exercise are known to improve both physical and mental health outcomes, however the best way to deliver exercise programs for PLWSMI remains a challenge. This paper uses a pragmatic program evaluation of a co-delivered low-cost community-based exercise program implemented over a 6-month period. Of 46 referrals in the first half of 2023 to the SLHD Gym and Swim program, 13 gave consent to participate in standardised measures and qualitative interviews. Findings revealed an increase in average hours of sport/exercise, improvements in confidence to exercise independently and within group settings, as well as achievement of individualised goals. The success of the program was in part due to the co-facilitation between peer support workers and exercise physiologists, community connection and the established partnership between the public health service and the local government council. Results offer evidence to adopt and implement accessible and low-cost exercise opportunities in the community external to health services to address barriers of attendance for PLWSMI.

Introduction: Women are more likely than men to experience interpersonal trauma, with 1 in 3 women affected globally. This paper aims to give a 2-year report of the demographics, trauma history [i.e., non-interpersonal and interpersonal including adverse childhood event (ACEs)] and psychiatric disorders endorsed by premenopausal women screened for our cardiovascular research study.

Methods: Premenopausal women were recruited from the Twin-Cities area using flyers. Interested participants were screened for this study via REDCap. Age, race, history of psychiatric disorders, menopausal status, contraceptives, and current medications were collected. Participants who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled and completed additional questionnaires focusing on trauma exposure and mental health.

Results: The first 2 years our study was open to accrual, a total of 447 premenopausal women were screened. The majority (~ 71%) of our participants were between 18 and 30 years old. Among the 447 women, 35% reported a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while 46% reported depression and 53% an anxiety disorder, according to DSM-5. Further, we found that women between the ages of 21-25 years reported the most (23%) psychiatric disorders, mainly PTSD. The main type of trauma reported was interpersonal trauma (~ 62%), of which 76% were ACEs.

Conclusion: Among the trauma-exposed women enrolled in our study, the age group between 21 and 25 years old endorsed the most psychiatric disorders, possibly stemming from ACEs. Our findings shed the light on the rising rate of psychiatric disorders in premenopausal women and support the growing public health burden of trauma exposure, particularly in childhood.

Adult ADHD is associated with increased risk for suicide attempts, as indicated by investigations of population- and community-based cohorts. However, there is little data regarding suicide attempts in a clinical setting. To address this, we used a comprehensively phenotyped clinical adult ADHD (aADHD) cohort to assess to which extent comorbidity, psychosocial adversity, personality, and ADHD symptoms contribute to suicidal behavior in ADHD. Furthermore, we investigated a triallelic variation in the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), which has previously been associated with suicidal behavior. Depression, substance use, eating, and posttraumatic stress disorders were independently associated with past suicide attempts, whereas anxiety, somatoform, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders showed no association. Pulmonary diseases also showed an association with suicidal behavior. Psychosocial factors including occupational status, marital status/living situation, externalizing behavior and psychiatric family history were strongly associated with past suicide attempts. ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were not associated with past suicide attempts after adjustment for psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial adversity. However, the personality trait of neuroticism fully mediated the association between depression and suicidal behavior. 5-HTTLPR was not associated with suicidal behavior, but an interaction with ADHD symptoms and subtype was found. Our data suggest that psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial adversity are key factors for suicidal behavior in aADHD, with neuroticism representing a critical mediator of the association between depression and suicidality. Further research, preferentially with longitudinal study designs is needed to better understand causal factors for suicidal behavior to enable effective preventive action.