Discover mental health最新文献

Introduction: Women are more likely than men to experience interpersonal trauma, with 1 in 3 women affected globally. This paper aims to give a 2-year report of the demographics, trauma history [i.e., non-interpersonal and interpersonal including adverse childhood event (ACEs)] and psychiatric disorders endorsed by premenopausal women screened for our cardiovascular research study.

Methods: Premenopausal women were recruited from the Twin-Cities area using flyers. Interested participants were screened for this study via REDCap. Age, race, history of psychiatric disorders, menopausal status, contraceptives, and current medications were collected. Participants who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled and completed additional questionnaires focusing on trauma exposure and mental health.

Results: The first 2 years our study was open to accrual, a total of 447 premenopausal women were screened. The majority (~ 71%) of our participants were between 18 and 30 years old. Among the 447 women, 35% reported a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while 46% reported depression and 53% an anxiety disorder, according to DSM-5. Further, we found that women between the ages of 21-25 years reported the most (23%) psychiatric disorders, mainly PTSD. The main type of trauma reported was interpersonal trauma (~ 62%), of which 76% were ACEs.

Conclusion: Among the trauma-exposed women enrolled in our study, the age group between 21 and 25 years old endorsed the most psychiatric disorders, possibly stemming from ACEs. Our findings shed the light on the rising rate of psychiatric disorders in premenopausal women and support the growing public health burden of trauma exposure, particularly in childhood.

Adolescents experience numerous changes, both psychologically and physically, and they are also the age group with a high prevalence of mental problems that need counseling help. The study aims to assess the difficulties and the needs for psychological support, factors affecting the need to use psychological services among adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 672 high school students in Thu Duc City, Vietnam. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between grades 10-12 in student's difficulties (DS) and a statistically significant difference in needs for psychological services (NPS, RPS). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in academic performance for DS. The findings also implied that RPS was predicted by a DS, NPS, and factors affecting the need to use psychological services (FA), in which NPS and DS were mediators in the relationship between FA and RPS. The study significantly contributes to research practices and the theoretical framework that the parliament and the government use to make counselors mandatory in schools. Meanwhile, the study suggested that school counselors, educators, and teachers must appropriately evaluate students' counseling needs and psychological difficulties; this is essential to providing support and interventions when students deal with challenges promptly.

A large treatment gap exists for substance use disorders (SUDs) in India. Among other factors, personality vulnerabilities are widely implicated in the initiation and maintenance of SUDs leading to poor outcomes. Available brief interventions do not adequately address this. Longer term therapies are resource intensive and therefore difficult to incorporate in tertiary care settings due to poor treatment provider-patient ratio. Further, trait-based and categorical models have limited application in brief psychotherapies. Core pathology seen across personality disorders such as the impairments in self and interpersonal functioning present as modifiable characteristic adaptations of more stable personality structures. Therefore, the present article attempts to explore the possibility of integrating the personality functioning model as proposed by the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) in the DSM-5, within brief psychotherapies for SUDs. Modifications to the routine treatment structure, assessment, formulation and content are suggested with a focus on personality functioning. The clinical utility of the level of personality functioning scale (LPFS) is also demonstrated using a brief case illustration. Further research is required to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing a personality functioning model among patients with SUDs in India.

The indigenous tribal population in India, often residing in remote and underserved regions, represents a marginalized minority with limited access to healthcare, particularly mental health services. Despite the pressing need, there is a scarcity of research focusing on the mental health challenges faced by adolescents and young adults within these communities. This study addresses this gap by examining the mental health needs of tribal college students in the Araku Valley region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The study sample comprised 291 participants (118 males, 173 females), representing adolescents and young adults from various tribal backgrounds. Utilizing the Students Counseling Needs Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire-30, the study identified alarmingly high prevalence rates of mental health concerns, including uncontrollable disturbing thoughts (73.18%), loneliness (62.19%), depression (57.04%), phobias (54.97%), and suicidal ideation or attempts (39.16%). Notably, the study revealed a trend of decreasing mental health needs with advancing age, suggesting that adolescents are more vulnerable than young adults. Furthermore, significant gender differences were observed, with female students reporting higher family-related needs compared to male students. These findings provide critical insights into the mental health challenges faced by tribal college students and have important implications for policy development and educational practices aimed at addressing the unique needs of this population. Educators at tribal institutions can use these findings to address the mental health needs of tribal students.

Background: Studies have shown that COVID-19 negatively impacted mental health by increasing depression and anxiety. Additionally, bullying might deteriorate children's psychological functioning. Nevertheless, social support has been studied as a positive buffer for mental well-being.

Objectives: Thus, our study aimed to examine the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on children's mental health when they are a victim of bullying and cyberbullying. Moreover, we tested the effect of social support as a mediating variable. A sample of 141 children (63 boys and 78 girls) 9 to 13 years old (M = 10.31, SD = 2.26) who reported having experienced bullying participated in the research. All were Palestinians living in Israel, attending primary schools.

Methods: Data was collected using the following measures, the Multidimensional Bullying Victimization Scale (MBVS), the Adolescents Cyber-Victimization Scale (CYBVICS), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a questionnaire measuring the effect of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Structural equation modelling was applied to test the association between variables and mediating effects.

Findings: A positive correlation between Fear of COVID-19 and traditional bullying, cyberbullying, depression, and anxiety were found. Moreover, social support was negatively correlated with traditional forms of bullying and cyberbullying. Also, statistically significant differences between traditional bullying, cyberbullying, depression, and parents' difficulties emerged from parental marital status.

Conclusions: findings might help victims of bullying by training teachers and guiding parents to construct intervention plans to empower the social networks of children victims.

Mental distress is a common health problem facing university students worldwide. It manifests with varying levels of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms such as headache, backache, sleeping problems, and fatigue. University students are a high-risk group for mental distress than the general population. This study aimed to assess knowledge, the prevalence of mental distress, and its associated factors among undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at the University of Dodoma in Tanzania. Data were collected using pre-tested and self-administered questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with mental distress. A total of 224 undergraduate students gave a complete response, of which the majority were aware of the common symptoms of mental distress. Self-reported mental distress experience was reported among 116/224 (51.8%) students. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that only alcohol consumption (aPR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.22-2.11, p = 0.001) was independently associated with mental distress among students. The findings of this study revealed that undergraduate students had adequate knowledge of the symptoms of mental distress. Our results show that the prevalence of self-reported mental distress was moderately high among undergraduate students. Furthermore, the study indicates a significant association between alcohol consumption and self-reported mental distress among these students. These results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing alcohol consumption may be beneficial in mitigating mental health issues among undergraduate students in Tanzania.

Objective: We aimed to validate the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4-J). People in Japan, especially healthcare workers (HCWs) suffer from high rates of mental health symptoms. The PHQ-4 is an established ultra-brief mental health measure used in various settings, populations and languages. The Japanese version of the PHQ-4 has not been validated.

Methods: Two hundred eighty people in Japan (142 HCWs and 138 from the general public) responded to the PHQ-4-J. Internal consistency, and factorial validity were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) models.

Results: Internal consistency was high (α = 0.70-0.86). CFA yielded very good fit indices for a two-factor solution (RMSEA = 0.04, 95% CI 0.00-0.17) and MIMIC models indicated the performance differed between HCWs and the general population.

Conclusions: The PHQ-4-J is a reliable ultra-brief scale for depression and anxiety in Japanese, which can be used to meet current needs in mental health research and practice in Japan. Disaster research and gerontology research can benefit from this scale, enabling mental health assessment with little participant burden. In practice, early detection and personalised care can be facilitated by using the scale. Future research should target specific populations in Japan during a non-emergency time.

Examining a large number of specific college majors and their association with mental health literacy (MHL) is an important step towards identifying at-risk groups at the college level. Though prior research has investigated MHL across student demographics such as gender, age, ethnicity, and level of education, the present study was the first to compare the MHL of undergraduate students across 19 different college majors. A total of 617 demographically and ethnically diverse undergraduate students (62.1% female; 69.3% non-white; mean age = 22.2 years; mean year in college = 2.8) reported their demographics, college experience, and college major, and completed an MHL measure that assessed knowledge of more than 20 psychological disorders and the application of that knowledge to real life scenarios. After controlling for gender, data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc comparisons to determine if differences in mental health literacy level were related to specific college majors. Results revealed that mental health literacy significantly differed across majors, F(18, 598) = 5.09, p < .001. Specifically, students majoring in accounting, nursing, business, biology, and those in a multidisciplinary category had significantly lower mental health literacy scores compared to the highest scoring major, psychology. We present empirical data about variations in mental health literacy across many different majors in higher education. Our findings provide a rationale for interventions for academic majors with lower MHL, as well as a rationale for training of college faculty and staff, for the purpose of improving psychological well-being in at-risk college students.

Background: Migrants in Singapore face unique mental health risk factors and barriers to formal care. Within this context, the Migrant Writers of Singapore (an arts collective) has organised a community-based intervention to address mental health needs, the Mental Health Awareness and Well-Being Festival.

Aim: To understand migrants' motivations for organising and participating in the Festival as a form of community-based mental health support, as well as their perspectives on the role and effectiveness of such interventions.

Methods: Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted in October and November 2023, with 10 members of MWS involved in the Festival.

Results: Interviewees were primarily motivated by personal experiences of giving or receiving peer support, or finding relief through MWS's arts-based activities; and to a smaller extent by the need for greater mental health awareness among migrants. Interviewees saw the value of community-based interventions in: (i) easing loneliness, (ii) establishing solidarity, (iii) facilitating communication in help-seeking, and (iv) building longer-term social networks.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that community-based interventions may be an enabler of peer support, and help address underlying mental health risk factors. Arts-based activities can enhance these interventions, though further research is required to evaluate concrete outcomes, and ascertain the wider applicability of these findings.

Background: In Russia, the following two questionnaires are mainly used to study the burnout syndrome: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Boyko's Burnout Inventory (BBI). Despite the fact that the questionnaires are based on different theoretical models and composition of the scales, they evaluate essentially the same construct. A few published sources provide data on correlations between the results of measuring burnout using these methods. However, the presence of a correlation does not imply the comparability of the methods. The goal of our study was to compare the results of MBI and BBI as well as to develop a methodology for reciprocal recalculation of their burnout estimates.

Methods: MBI and BBI scales were employed to diagnose the burnout syndrome. Our study included 117 men aged 41-44 years. The total scores obtained by the two methods, as well as the subscale scores, were compared using the correlation analysis, the cross-comparative analysis, and the Bland-Altman plot method, while the associations between the results were estimated with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: The total scores (integral indicators based on summing the scores of all subscales and taking into account differences in the weights of scale scores) demonstrated a high similarity in measuring the severity of the burnout. All three dimensions of burnout sensu MBI correlated with the total BBI score.

Conclusion: The comparison (MBI vs. BBI) demonstrated the consistency of the results, which implied the possibility of comparing data yielded by the studies based on the two questionnaires (MBI and BBI).