Discover mental health最新文献

Background: This study investigated the relationship between social ties and adolescent mental health outcomes in Kumasi, Ghana.

Methods: A total of 384 adolescents from three peri-urban communities participated in this cross-sectional study. The independent variable, social ties, was examined using the social network index (SNI), whereas the dependent variables, depression, anxiety and stress, were assessed using the DASS-21 scale. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS binary logistic regression, with statistical significance set at a p value < 0.05.

Results: The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 56.3%, 72.9%, and 43.5% respectively. Most adolescents reported having ≥ 3 siblings 240 (62.5%), and spoke to them regularly 162 (44.0%). The majority of adolescents had both parents alive 327 (85.3%), and seven in ten reported speaking to both parents at least once every two weeks 266 (70.0%). Adolescents who resided in Kotei community were less likely to experience depression (aOR = .516; 95%CI = .285-.933) than those residing in Boadi community. Adolescents who did not see or call both parents were more likely to be depressed (aOR = 1.307; 95%CI = .328-5.210) than those who saw or spoke with both parents in the past two weeks. Adolescents who interacted with one to two of their relatives apart from their parents and siblings were four times more likely to be anxious (aOR = 4.538; 95%CI = 1.606-12.824) than those who did not interact with any of their external relatives.

Conclusion: Adolescent mental health is influenced by social ties, with parent support demonstrating protective effects against depression. The government of Ghana must prioritize youth-friendly mental health services to address mental health issues among adolescents in peri-urban communities in Ghana.

Mental health disparities are increasingly shaped by intersecting demographic and socioeconomic conditions. Anchored in the Social Determinants of Health framework, this study investigates variations in mental well-being among adults in Abu Dhabi using data from the 5th Cycle of the Abu Dhabi Quality of Life Survey (2023-2024), which included over 100,000 respondents. Drawing on a subset of 65,203 adults, we analysed key mental health indicators-such as sadness, anxiety, loneliness, fear, difficulty concentrating, and boredom-across population groups using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The findings reveal statistically significant disparities by age, gender, nationality, education level, household head status, and employment sector. Notably, youth aged 15-29 reported the highest emotional stress, while females and non-Emiratis exhibited higher negative mental health indicators compared to their counterparts. Non-heads of households and private-sector employees also displayed elevated distress levels, reflecting structural vulnerabilities in occupational and social roles. These results underscore the multidimensional nature of mental health and the influence of systemic inequalities on psychological well-being. The study offers timely, locally grounded evidence to inform targeted mental health interventions and inclusive policy development in Abu Dhabi's rapidly evolving sociocultural landscape.

Aim: To further explore and discuss the characteristics of exposure to screens in Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Tunisian context.

Methods: This case control study explored the exposure to TV in 150 children with ASD, aged 1 to 4 years old in comparison to a comparable group of 150 typically developing children.

Results: Results showed Significant differences were observed between groups regarding the age of television viewing onset (4 vs. 14 months) and daily viewing duration (7 h vs. <1 h). Children with ASD predominantly viewed television alone, showing preference for repetitive content such as music videos, with viewing occurring throughout the day. Television exposure served as both a child-occupying strategy and a parental soothing technique, and was associated with increased autistic symptomatology.

Conclusion: While acknowledging methodological limitations, this study suggests that the impact of early intensive screen exposure warrants further investigation in ASD populations.

Purpose: Adults with a personality disorder diagnosis have a high prevalence of co-occurring autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is often no defined pathway within mental health services to meet the needs of this population, and a lack of evidence or consensus on the optimal approaches to identification, treatment and support for neurodivergent people with a personality disorder diagnosis. There has been little exploration of the views of this population on the care they receive in community mental health services. Therefore, the aim of this project was to understand the experiences and perspectives of neurodivergent people with a personality disorder diagnosis, to inform a clinical pathway which is effective, safe, sustainable and equitable.

Methods: Ten qualitative interviews were conducted with women with a diagnosis of, or had been referred for a diagnosis of, autism or ADHD, and a diagnosis of personality disorder. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Five key themes emerged; staff factors (understanding and skills, attitudes and communication), pathways and processes (access to services and barriers to support), involving and enabling (through adaptations and empowerment), support and clinical interventions (experience of individual therapies and groups, and opportunities to evaluate support), and diagnosis and identification (the impact and accuracy of diagnosis).

Conclusions: This study highlights gaps in current practice as well as personal preferences about identity and experiences of misdiagnosis. It identifies the components of an integrated clinical pathway, that include a person-centered, formulation-driven approach to assessment and reasonable adjustments; peer-led psychosocial support; adapted transdiagnostic psychological therapies; and embedded co-production. Clinical and research priorities are discussed.

Background: High stress affects mental and physical health, with African Americans at greater risk due to systemic inequities. The Community Resiliency Model (CRM)^®, an evidence-based intervention teaching sensory awareness skills to enhance resiliency, was evaluated among African American and White elderly participants with memory impairment to assess its effectiveness on stress-related outcomes.

Methods: Fifty-four African American and White participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were recruited in Atlanta, Georgia, for a 3-h online CRM workshop in 2021-2022 delivered by a CRM-trained nurse practitioner. Participants completed surveys pre- and 4 weeks post-intervention, including Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Somatic Symptoms Scale (SSS-8), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Paired t-tests assessed the changes in outcome measures.

Results: Among fifty-four participants, twelve were lost to follow-up. Mean age was 68 (range: 39-83 years); majority were female (81%) and African American (71%). Participants showed improvements in mean differences for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 difference: 1.4; [95% CI 0.5, 2.4]; p-value = 0.0035), somatic symptoms (SSS-8 difference: 1.9; [95% CI 0.81, 3.0]; p-value = 0.0011), and resilience (CD-RISC-10 difference: - 1.4; [95% CI - 2.8, - 0.0026]; p-value = 0.05). Perceived stress improved but was not statistically significant (PSS-10 difference: 1.0; 95% CI - 0.77, 2.9; p-value = 0.25). No racial differences were observed.

Conclusion: CRM can enhance mood, alleviate somatic symptoms, and improve resilience in elderly participants with memory concerns. It shows promise as a brief, accessible intervention for mental well-being in diverse populations. Larger studies are needed for generalizability, given the limited sample size.

Globally, there is increasing need to address the burden of mental illness on populations, including youth, and increasing recognition of the role of social determinants on mental health. The study of resilience, as an ecological process of individual and community resource mobilisation in the face of adversity, is a promising lens through which to understand culturally and contextually relevant factors that enhance or inhibit mental wellbeing. This paper reports on a validation of a reduced, 2-factor, 17-item form of the child and youth resilience measure (CYRM-28) on a population of youth in Aotearoa (New Zealand) who were involved in multiple service systems, including child and adolescent mental health services. It builds on previous work which validated the full 28-item scale. It responds to needs articulated by researchers and service providers for a shortened version of the CYRM-28 that reduces assessment burdens on youth and clinicians. The reduced form may be helpful in mental health settings to quickly understand the resilience resources around vulnerable youth and support interventions that build on strengths and directly address areas where resources are missing.

Amongst the correctional worker population, a wide range of demographic characteristics shape mental health outcomes, organizational stigma, and treatment-seeking, including gender and/or sex differences. Yet, considerations of the relationship between gender and especially sex and mental health in correctional systems internationally remain understudied and have not been investigated on a national scale. In the current national study, we quantitatively analyze Canadian provincial and territorial correctional workers' (n = 3,740) sex correlates with other sociodemographic variables, and examine the prevalence of potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), correctional-specific PPTEs, occupational stressors, suicide-related behaviour (ideation, plan, and attempt), and several mental health disorders. Survey findings indicate statistically significant sex differences in exposure to all types of PPTEs, with the exception of captivity and life-threatening illness or injury. Males reported higher odds of being exposed to all types of PPTEs than females, with the exception of sexual assault and other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experiences, which females had higher odds of experiencing. Statistically significant sex differences were also evident in exposure to all types of correctional-specific PPTEs, except for instances where a person died while under their supervision. Other significant relationships found are discussed and reiterate the necessity of incorporating concerns for gender and/or sex equality and balance in correctional settings into mental health training regimen, as well as highlight several areas for future research.