Drug and alcohol dependence reports最新文献_第9页

Estimating changes in overdose death rates from increasing methamphetamine supply in Ohio: Evidence from crime lab data 估算俄亥俄州因甲基苯丙胺供应增加而导致的吸毒过量死亡率的变化：来自犯罪实验室数据的证据

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100238

Daniel Rosenblum , Jeffrey Ondocsin , Sarah G. Mars , Dennis Cauchon , Daniel Ciccarone

Background

We investigate the relationship between the supply of methamphetamine and overdose death risk in Ohio. Ohio and the overall US have experienced a marked increase in overdose deaths from methamphetamine combined with fentanyl over the last decade. The increasing use of methamphetamine may be increasing the risk of overdose death. However, if people are using it to substitute away from more dangerous synthetic opioids, it may reduce the overall risk of overdose death.

Methods

Ohio’s Bureau of Criminal Investigation’s crime lab data include a detailed list of the content of drug samples from law enforcement seizures, which are used as a proxy for drug supply. We use linear regressions to estimate the relationship between the proportion of methamphetamine in lab samples and unintentional drug overdose death rates from January 2015 through September 2021.

Results

Relatively more methamphetamine in crime lab data in a county-month has either no statistically significant relationship with overdose death rates (in small and medium population counties) or a negative and statistically significant relationship with overdose death rates (in large population counties). Past overdose death rates do not predict future increases in methamphetamine in crime lab data.

Conclusions

The results are consistent with a relatively higher supply of methamphetamine reducing the general risk of overdose death, possibly due to substitution away from more dangerous synthetic opioids. However, the supply of methamphetamine appears unrelated to the past illicit drug risk environment. The non-lethal and yet serious health effects of MA use were not explored and, thus, even if the presence of MA reduces the population-level overdose mortality rate, the rise of other adverse health effects may counteract any public health benefits of fewer deaths.

背景我们调查了俄亥俄州的甲基苯丙胺供应与吸毒过量死亡风险之间的关系。在过去十年中，俄亥俄州和整个美国因甲基苯丙胺与芬太尼混合使用而过量死亡的人数明显增加。越来越多地使用甲基苯丙胺可能会增加用药过量死亡的风险。但是，如果人们使用甲基苯丙胺来替代更危险的合成阿片类药物，则可能会降低用药过量死亡的总体风险。方法俄亥俄州犯罪调查局的犯罪实验室数据包括一份执法部门查获的毒品样本含量的详细清单，该清单被用作毒品供应的替代物。我们使用线性回归法估算了从 2015 年 1 月到 2021 年 9 月期间实验室样本中甲基苯丙胺的比例与意外吸毒过量死亡率之间的关系。结果在一个县-月的犯罪实验室数据中，甲基苯丙胺含量相对较高与吸毒过量死亡率之间要么没有统计学意义上的显著关系（在人口规模较小和中等的县），要么与吸毒过量死亡率之间存在统计学意义上的显著负相关关系（在人口规模较大的县）。在犯罪实验室数据中，过去的吸毒过量死亡率并不能预测未来甲基苯丙胺的增加。结论结果表明，甲基苯丙胺供应量的相对增加降低了吸毒过量死亡的总体风险，这可能是由于替代了更危险的合成阿片类药物。然而，甲基苯丙胺的供应似乎与过去的非法药物风险环境无关。没有探讨使用甲基苯丙胺对健康造成的非致命但却严重的影响，因此，即使甲基苯丙胺的存在降低了人口过量吸毒的死亡率，但其他不利健康影响的增加可能会抵消死亡人数减少带来的任何公共健康益处。

{"title":"Estimating changes in overdose death rates from increasing methamphetamine supply in Ohio: Evidence from crime lab data","authors":"Daniel Rosenblum , Jeffrey Ondocsin , Sarah G. Mars , Dennis Cauchon , Daniel Ciccarone","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We investigate the relationship between the supply of methamphetamine and overdose death risk in Ohio. Ohio and the overall US have experienced a marked increase in overdose deaths from methamphetamine combined with fentanyl over the last decade. The increasing use of methamphetamine may be increasing the risk of overdose death. However, if people are using it to substitute away from more dangerous synthetic opioids, it may reduce the overall risk of overdose death.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ohio’s Bureau of Criminal Investigation’s crime lab data include a detailed list of the content of drug samples from law enforcement seizures, which are used as a proxy for drug supply. We use linear regressions to estimate the relationship between the proportion of methamphetamine in lab samples and unintentional drug overdose death rates from January 2015 through September 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Relatively more methamphetamine in crime lab data in a county-month has either no statistically significant relationship with overdose death rates (in small and medium population counties) or a negative and statistically significant relationship with overdose death rates (in large population counties). Past overdose death rates do not predict future increases in methamphetamine in crime lab data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results are consistent with a relatively higher supply of methamphetamine reducing the general risk of overdose death, possibly due to substitution away from more dangerous synthetic opioids. However, the supply of methamphetamine appears unrelated to the past illicit drug risk environment. The non-lethal and yet serious health effects of MA use were not explored and, thus, even if the presence of MA reduces the population-level overdose mortality rate, the rise of other adverse health effects may counteract any public health benefits of fewer deaths.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000222/pdfft?md5=3afdcc1751e39f904890e6b45823a55c&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and predictors of medication for opioid use disorder among reproductive-aged women 育龄妇女阿片类药物使用障碍的患病率和预测因素

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100239

Jennifer K. Bello , Nathaniel A. Dell , Aaron M. Laxton , Mary Conte , Lynn Chen

Background

Women of reproductive age would benefit from treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) prior to pregnancy to improve maternal and infant outcomes. In this study, we aimed to identify the prevalence of medication for OUD (MOUD) and characterize correlates of MOUD receipt among 12–49-year-old women with OUD seeking treatment in publicly funded substance use disorder treatment programs at the time of their first treatment episode.

Methods

This cross-sectional study explores the demographic and clinical characteristics of women of reproductive age with OUD receiving publicly funded substance use treatment services. We used data from the concatenated 2015–2021 Treatment Episode Data Set–Admissions (TEDS-A), which documents demographic and clinical characteristics of patient admissions to publicly funded substance use treatment services in the United States.

Results

In the sample of females aged 12–49 with no prior treatment admissions and primary OUD (n=325,512), 40.53% received MOUD (n=131,930), including 39.40% of non-pregnant women (n=115,315) and 52.79% of pregnant women (n=8423). Pregnant women had significantly higher odds of receiving MOUD (aOR = 2.42, 95%CI: 2.30, 2.54) compared to non-pregnant women. Non-white race, treatment setting, and treatment self-referral were also associated with higher levels of MOUD.

Conclusions

We identified a significant unmet need among both pregnant and non-pregnant women with OUD seeking care in publicly funded treatment clinics. While women who are pregnant are significantly more likely to receive evidence-based treatment with MOUD, still 47.21% of pregnant women did not receive MOUD. All reproductive-aged women with OUD should be offered evidence-based treatment options, including MOUD.

背景育龄妇女在怀孕前接受阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）治疗将有利于改善母婴结局。在这项研究中，我们旨在确定 12-49 岁患有阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）的女性在首次接受治疗时在公共资助的药物使用障碍治疗项目中接受药物治疗的流行率，并描述接受药物治疗的相关因素。我们使用了 2015-2021 年治疗事件数据集-入院治疗（TEDS-A）的数据，该数据集记录了美国接受政府资助的药物使用治疗服务的患者的人口统计学和临床特征。结果在 12-49 岁、之前未接受过治疗且患有原发性 OUD 的女性样本中（n=325,512），40.53% 接受了 MOUD（n=131,930），其中包括 39.40% 的非怀孕女性（n=115,315）和 52.79% 的怀孕女性（n=8423）。与非孕妇相比，孕妇接受 MOUD 的几率明显更高（aOR = 2.42，95%CI：2.30，2.54）。非白人种族、治疗环境和治疗自我转介也与较高的 MOUD 相关。虽然怀孕妇女接受以循证医学为基础的 "MOUD "治疗的可能性明显增加，但仍有 47.21% 的怀孕妇女没有接受 "MOUD "治疗。应为所有患有 OUD 的育龄妇女提供循证治疗方案，包括 MOUD。

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of medication for opioid use disorder among reproductive-aged women","authors":"Jennifer K. Bello , Nathaniel A. Dell , Aaron M. Laxton , Mary Conte , Lynn Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Women of reproductive age would benefit from treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) prior to pregnancy to improve maternal and infant outcomes. In this study, we aimed to identify the prevalence of medication for OUD (MOUD) and characterize correlates of MOUD receipt among 12–49-year-old women with OUD seeking treatment in publicly funded substance use disorder treatment programs at the time of their first treatment episode.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study explores the demographic and clinical characteristics of women of reproductive age with OUD receiving publicly funded substance use treatment services. We used data from the concatenated 2015–2021 Treatment Episode Data Set–Admissions (TEDS-A), which documents demographic and clinical characteristics of patient admissions to publicly funded substance use treatment services in the United States.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the sample of females aged 12–49 with no prior treatment admissions and primary OUD (n=325,512), 40.53% received MOUD (n=131,930), including 39.40% of non-pregnant women (n=115,315) and 52.79% of pregnant women (n=8423). Pregnant women had significantly higher odds of receiving MOUD (aOR = 2.42, 95%CI: 2.30, 2.54) compared to non-pregnant women. Non-white race, treatment setting, and treatment self-referral were also associated with higher levels of MOUD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We identified a significant unmet need among both pregnant and non-pregnant women with OUD seeking care in publicly funded treatment clinics. While women who are pregnant are significantly more likely to receive evidence-based treatment with MOUD, still 47.21% of pregnant women did not receive MOUD. All reproductive-aged women with OUD should be offered evidence-based treatment options, including MOUD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000234/pdfft?md5=3275a5d80ed0d4a23aaede090ae920c2&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140813167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of a pilot brief educational intervention on preferences regarding treatments for opioid use disorder 试点简短教育干预对阿片类药物使用障碍治疗偏好的影响

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100235

Emaun Irani , Colin Macleod , Stephanie Slat , Adrianne Kehne , Erin Madden , Kaitlyn Jaffe , Amy Bohnert , Pooja Lagisetty

Purpose

Negative perceptions around medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) amongst the public could deter patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) from engaging with MOUD. Thus, we evaluated whether a brief intervention could improve preferences for MOUD in people who may or may not use opioids.

Methods

We employed a pre-post design to assess the effect of a brief educational intervention on preferences for methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, and non-medication treatment in an online sample of US adults stratified by race, who may or may not use opioids. Respondents ranked their preferences in OUD treatment before and after watching four one-minute educational videos about treatment options. Changes in treatment preferences were analyzed using Bhapkar’s test and post hoc McNemar’s tests. A binary logistic generalized estimating equation (GEE) assessed factors associated with preference between treatments.

Results

The sample had 530 responses. 194 identified as White, 173 Black, 163 Latinx. Treatment preferences changed significantly towards MOUD (p<.001). This effect was driven by changes toward buprenorphine (OR=2.38; p<.001) and away from non-medication treatment (OR=0.20; p<.001). There was no significant difference in effect by race/ethnicity. People with lower opioid familiarity were significantly more likely to change their preferences towards MOUD following the intervention.

Conclusion

Respondent preferences for MOUD increased following the intervention suggesting that brief educational interventions can change treatment preferences towards MOUD. These findings offer insights into perceptions of OUD treatment in a racially stratified sample and serve as a foundation for future educational materials that target MOUD preferences in the general public.

目的公众对阿片类药物使用障碍（MOUD）药物的负面看法可能会阻碍阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）患者接受 MOUD 治疗。因此，我们评估了简短的干预措施能否改善可能使用或不使用阿片类药物的人对阿片类药物使用障碍治疗的偏好。我们采用了前后期设计来评估简短的教育干预措施对美沙酮、丁丙诺啡、纳曲酮和非药物治疗偏好的影响，受访者是按种族分层的美国成年人，可能使用或不使用阿片类药物。受访者在观看四段一分钟的治疗方案教育视频之前和之后，对他们的 OUD 治疗偏好进行了排序。使用巴普卡检验和事后 McNemar 检验分析了治疗偏好的变化。二元逻辑广义估计方程 (GEE) 评估了与治疗偏好相关的因素。其中 194 人为白人，173 人为黑人，163 人为拉丁裔。治疗偏好在很大程度上向 MOUD 转变（p< .001）。这一影响主要来自于对丁丙诺啡的偏好（OR=2.38；p< .001）和对非药物治疗的偏好（OR=0.20；p< .001）。不同种族/族裔在效果上没有明显差异。对阿片类药物熟悉程度较低的人在接受干预后更有可能改变对 "牟利治疗 "的偏好。结论受访者在接受干预后对 "牟利治疗 "的偏好有所增加，这表明简短的教育干预可以改变对 "牟利治疗 "的治疗偏好。这些发现有助于深入了解种族分层样本对 OUD 治疗的看法，并为未来针对大众 MOUD 偏好的教育材料奠定了基础。

{"title":"The effect of a pilot brief educational intervention on preferences regarding treatments for opioid use disorder","authors":"Emaun Irani , Colin Macleod , Stephanie Slat , Adrianne Kehne , Erin Madden , Kaitlyn Jaffe , Amy Bohnert , Pooja Lagisetty","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Negative perceptions around medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) amongst the public could deter patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) from engaging with MOUD. Thus, we evaluated whether a brief intervention could improve preferences for MOUD in people who may or may not use opioids.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We employed a pre-post design to assess the effect of a brief educational intervention on preferences for methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, and non-medication treatment in an online sample of US adults stratified by race, who may or may not use opioids. Respondents ranked their preferences in OUD treatment before and after watching four one-minute educational videos about treatment options. Changes in treatment preferences were analyzed using Bhapkar’s test and post hoc McNemar’s tests. A binary logistic generalized estimating equation (GEE) assessed factors associated with preference between treatments.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The sample had 530 responses. 194 identified as White, 173 Black, 163 Latinx. Treatment preferences changed significantly towards MOUD (p<.001). This effect was driven by changes toward buprenorphine (OR=2.38; p<.001) and away from non-medication treatment (OR=0.20; p<.001). There was no significant difference in effect by race/ethnicity. People with lower opioid familiarity were significantly more likely to change their preferences towards MOUD following the intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Respondent preferences for MOUD increased following the intervention suggesting that brief educational interventions can change treatment preferences towards MOUD. These findings offer insights into perceptions of OUD treatment in a racially stratified sample and serve as a foundation for future educational materials that target MOUD preferences in the general public.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000192/pdfft?md5=c08c9aef1f07d28dfdab5610fdc4b567&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cannabis use among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review COVID-19大流行期间青少年和年轻成年人吸食大麻的情况：系统回顾

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100232

Yuni Tang , Brenna Kirk , Folawiyo Olanrewaju , Christiaan G. Abildso , Erin L. Winstanley , Christa L. Lilly , Toni M. Rudisill

Background

A systematic review of the literature was performed to summarize cannabis use among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Special focus was given to the prevalence of cannabis use during COVID-19, as well as factors that may explain changes in cannabis consumption patterns.

Methods

The protocol of this systematic review was registered. Articles from seven publication databases were searched in January 2022. The inclusion criteria for studies were as follows: 1) published in English; 2) study instruments needed to include items on COVID-19; 3) conducted after January 1st, 2020; 4) published in a peer-reviewed journal, dissertation, or thesis; 5) study population ≤25 years of age; 6) study designs were limited to observational analytical studies; 7) measured cannabis use. This review excluded other reviews, editorials, and conference abstracts that were not available as full text manuscripts. Independent review, risk of bias assessment, and data abstraction were performed by two authors.

Results

Fifteen articles from the United States (n=11) and Canada (n=4) were included in this review. The findings of this review showed that the prevalence of cannabis use during the pandemic among adolescents and young adults were mixed. Some mental health symptoms, including depression and anxiety, were identified as the most commonly reported reasons for increased cannabis use during the pandemic.

Conclusions

This review highlights the inconsistencies in the prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents and young adults during the pandemic. Therapeutic interventions for mental health and continued public health surveillance should be conducted to understand the long-term effects of cannabis use among adolescents and young adults.

背景对文献进行了系统回顾，以总结 COVID-19 大流行期间青少年和年轻成年人的大麻使用情况。特别关注 COVID-19 期间大麻使用的流行率，以及可能解释大麻消费模式变化的因素。2022 年 1 月，对七个出版物数据库中的文章进行了检索。研究的纳入标准如下：1）以英语发表；2）研究工具需包含 COVID-19 的项目；3）在 2020 年 1 月 1 日之后进行；4）发表在同行评审期刊、论文或论著中；5）研究人群年龄≤25 岁；6）研究设计仅限于观察分析研究；7）测量大麻使用情况。本综述排除了无法获得全文稿件的其他综述、社论和会议摘要。独立审查、偏倚风险评估和数据摘要由两位作者完成。结果来自美国（11 篇）和加拿大（4 篇）的 15 篇文章被纳入本综述。综述结果表明，大流行期间青少年和年轻成年人吸食大麻的普遍程度参差不齐。包括抑郁和焦虑在内的一些精神健康症状被认为是大流行期间大麻使用增加的最常见原因。应开展心理健康治疗干预和持续的公共卫生监测，以了解青少年和青壮年吸食大麻的长期影响。

{"title":"Cannabis use among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review","authors":"Yuni Tang , Brenna Kirk , Folawiyo Olanrewaju , Christiaan G. Abildso , Erin L. Winstanley , Christa L. Lilly , Toni M. Rudisill","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A systematic review of the literature was performed to summarize cannabis use among adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Special focus was given to the prevalence of cannabis use during COVID-19, as well as factors that may explain changes in cannabis consumption patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The protocol of this systematic review was registered. Articles from seven publication databases were searched in January 2022. The inclusion criteria for studies were as follows: 1) published in English; 2) study instruments needed to include items on COVID-19; 3) conducted after January 1st, 2020; 4) published in a peer-reviewed journal, dissertation, or thesis; 5) study population ≤25 years of age; 6) study designs were limited to observational analytical studies; 7) measured cannabis use. This review excluded other reviews, editorials, and conference abstracts that were not available as full text manuscripts. Independent review, risk of bias assessment, and data abstraction were performed by two authors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fifteen articles from the United States (n=11) and Canada (n=4) were included in this review. The findings of this review showed that the prevalence of cannabis use during the pandemic among adolescents and young adults were mixed. Some mental health symptoms, including depression and anxiety, were identified as the most commonly reported reasons for increased cannabis use during the pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This review highlights the inconsistencies in the prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents and young adults during the pandemic. Therapeutic interventions for mental health and continued public health surveillance should be conducted to understand the long-term effects of cannabis use among adolescents and young adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000167/pdfft?md5=95d1e28fc261d5e71432a3d71d967953&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000167-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The interacting effects of depression symptoms and sweet flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of cigarillo use among young adults 抑郁症状和甜味对年轻人使用雪茄的奖励和强化价值的交互影响

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100234

Janet Audrain-McGovern , Olivia Klapec , Fodie Koita , Divya Manikandan , Matthew D. Stone

Background

Young adults 18–24 years old have the highest prevalence of cigarillo use, exposing young adults to comparable or higher nicotine levels and many of the same toxicants as combustible cigarettes. Identifying individual and product characteristics that increase the potential for persistent use is warranted. We sought to examine the interacting effects of depression symptoms and sweet flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of cigarillo use.

Methods

86 young adults (18–24 years old, 73.3 % male, 38.4 % White, 33.7 % Black, and 27.9 % Other) completed three laboratory visits assessing the subjective rewarding value (exposure paradigm), relative reinforcing value (computerized choice task), and absolute reinforcing value (ad libitum cigarillo smoking session) of sweet-flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos. Depression symptoms were measured with the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale and treated as a continuous variable.

Results

General linear models with the appropriate family link tested differences in depressive symptomology for each outcome. Irrespective of flavor, greater cigarillo subjective reward was reported across increasing depressive symptomology (B=.0.03 [95%CI=0.00, 0.05], p=.017). Across symptom levels, no significant differences were observed in the subjective reward and relative and absolute reinforcing values of sweet-flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos (p’s >.05).

Conclusions

Young adults with elevated depression find cigarillos more rewarding but not more reinforcing. They are not more vulnerable than young adults with lower symptom levels to sweet cigarillo flavoring. Public health prevention campaigns and tobacco product regulations aimed at preventing the initiation and escalation of young adult cigarillo use may impact young adults broadly.

背景18-24岁的年轻人使用雪茄烟的比例最高，他们会接触到与可燃卷烟相当或更高水平的尼古丁和许多相同的有毒物质。我们有必要找出增加持续使用可能性的个人和产品特征。我们试图研究抑郁症状和甜味对吸食雪茄烟的奖赏和强化价值的交互影响。方法86名年轻成年人（18-24岁，73.3%为男性，38.4%为白人，33.7%为黑人，27.9%为其他族裔）完成了三次实验室访问，评估甜味雪茄烟和无甜味雪茄烟的主观奖赏价值（暴露范式）、相对强化价值（计算机化选择任务）和绝对强化价值（自由吸食雪茄烟）。抑郁症状采用 20 项抑郁症流行病学研究中心量表进行测量，并作为连续变量处理。无论口味如何，当抑郁症状不断加重时，雪茄烟的主观愉悦感会增加（B=0.03 [95%CI=0.00, 0.05]，P=0.017）。在不同症状水平下，甜味雪茄与非甜味雪茄的主观奖赏、相对和绝对强化价值均无显著差异（p's >.05）。他们并不比症状水平较低的年轻人更容易受到甜味雪茄烟的影响。公共卫生预防活动和烟草产品法规旨在防止年轻人开始使用和升级使用雪茄烟，这可能会对年轻人产生广泛的影响。

{"title":"The interacting effects of depression symptoms and sweet flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of cigarillo use among young adults","authors":"Janet Audrain-McGovern , Olivia Klapec , Fodie Koita , Divya Manikandan , Matthew D. Stone","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Young adults 18–24 years old have the highest prevalence of cigarillo use, exposing young adults to comparable or higher nicotine levels and many of the same toxicants as combustible cigarettes. Identifying individual and product characteristics that increase the potential for persistent use is warranted. We sought to examine the interacting effects of depression symptoms and sweet flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of cigarillo use.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>86 young adults (18–24 years old, 73.3 % male, 38.4 % White, 33.7 % Black, and 27.9 % Other) completed three laboratory visits assessing the subjective rewarding value (exposure paradigm), relative reinforcing value (computerized choice task), and absolute reinforcing value (ad libitum cigarillo smoking session) of sweet-flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos. Depression symptoms were measured with the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale and treated as a continuous variable.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>General linear models with the appropriate family link tested differences in depressive symptomology for each outcome. Irrespective of flavor, greater cigarillo subjective reward was reported across increasing depressive symptomology (B=.0.03 [95%CI=0.00, 0.05], <em>p</em>=.017). Across symptom levels, no significant differences were observed in the subjective reward and relative and absolute reinforcing values of sweet-flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos (<em>p</em>’s >.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Young adults with elevated depression find cigarillos more rewarding but not more reinforcing. They are not more vulnerable than young adults with lower symptom levels to sweet cigarillo flavoring. Public health prevention campaigns and tobacco product regulations aimed at preventing the initiation and escalation of young adult cigarillo use may impact young adults broadly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000180/pdfft?md5=5207e3aa3b17dcdb007b01442cd417d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduced emergency department use among insured individuals receiving extended-release buprenorphine in a health system setting 在医疗系统环境下，接受缓释丁丙诺啡治疗的投保人使用急诊室的情况有所减少

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100233

Bobbi Jo H. Yarborough , Scott P. Stumbo , Shannon L. Janoff , Erin M. Keast , Michael C. Leo , Sarah J. Leitz

Introduction

Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Bup) is associated with reduced opioid use and opioid negative urine drug screens. Little is known about its use in outpatient addiction care provided within health systems.

Methods

Individuals prescribed XR-Bup were identified from electronic health records; chart abstraction was conducted. Primary outcome was all-cause emergency department (ED) use. Secondary outcomes included ED use or inpatient stays for mental health or substance use, ED use for any other cause, discontinuation reasons, and drug substitution. Statistical comparisons used nonparametric tests from related samples (McNemar’s test and Wilcoxon matched pair tests) to test outcomes six months prior and 6 months following XR-Bup initiation.

Results

152 individuals had an XR-Bup order, 126 received >1 injection. Among those consistently insured 6 months prior to and following XR-Bup initiation (n=99), the mean number of injections following initiation was 3.95; one-third received 6 doses in the 6 months. The proportion of individuals using ED services for all causes declined (41% prior vs. 28% following XR-Bup initiation, p<.05); similar results were found for secondary ED use outcomes. The proportion of individuals requiring inpatient treatment for mental health or substance use also declined (46% vs. 16%, p<.01). Common reasons for discontinuing XR-Bup included losing insurance (21%) or cost (11%). The most common non-prescribed substances used during treatment were opioids (n=31) and THC (n=20).

Conclusions

In this non-randomized retrospective observational study, use of XR-Bup was associated with reduced ED use 6 months following initiation. XR-Bup may help health systems reduce use of costly ED services.

导言延长释放丁丙诺啡（XR-Bup）与减少阿片类药物使用和阿片类药物阴性尿检有关。方法：从电子健康记录中确定开具 XR-Bup 处方的个人，并进行病历摘录。主要结果是全因使用急诊科（ED）。次要结果包括因精神健康或药物使用而使用急诊室或住院、因任何其他原因使用急诊室、停药原因和药物替代。统计比较使用了相关样本的非参数检验（McNemar 检验和 Wilcoxon 配对检验）来检验 XR-Bup 使用前 6 个月和使用后 6 个月的结果。在开始使用 XR-Bup 之前 6 个月和之后 6 个月持续投保的人员（人数=99）中，开始使用后的平均注射次数为 3.95 次；三分之一的人在这 6 个月中接受了 6 次注射。因各种原因使用急诊室服务的人数比例有所下降（使用 XR-Bup 前为 41%，使用后为 28%，p< .05）；二次使用急诊室的结果也与此类似。因精神健康或药物使用而需要住院治疗的患者比例也有所下降（46% 对 16%，p< .01）。停用 XR-Bup 的常见原因包括失去保险（21%）或费用（11%）。在这项非随机回顾性观察研究中，使用XR-Bup与开始治疗6个月后减少ED使用有关。XR-Bup可帮助医疗系统减少使用昂贵的急诊室服务。

{"title":"Reduced emergency department use among insured individuals receiving extended-release buprenorphine in a health system setting","authors":"Bobbi Jo H. Yarborough , Scott P. Stumbo , Shannon L. Janoff , Erin M. Keast , Michael C. Leo , Sarah J. Leitz","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-Bup) is associated with reduced opioid use and opioid negative urine drug screens. Little is known about its use in outpatient addiction care provided within health systems.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Individuals prescribed XR-Bup were identified from electronic health records; chart abstraction was conducted. Primary outcome was all-cause emergency department (ED) use. Secondary outcomes included ED use or inpatient stays for mental health or substance use, ED use for any other cause, discontinuation reasons, and drug substitution. Statistical comparisons used nonparametric tests from related samples (McNemar’s test and Wilcoxon matched pair tests) to test outcomes six months prior and 6 months following XR-Bup initiation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>152 individuals had an XR-Bup order, 126 received <u>></u>1 injection. Among those consistently insured 6 months prior to and following XR-Bup initiation (n=99), the mean number of injections following initiation was 3.95; one-third received 6 doses in the 6 months. The proportion of individuals using ED services for all causes declined (41% prior vs. 28% following XR-Bup initiation, p<.05); similar results were found for secondary ED use outcomes. The proportion of individuals requiring inpatient treatment for mental health or substance use also declined (46% vs. 16%, p<.01). Common reasons for discontinuing XR-Bup included losing insurance (21%) or cost (11%). The most common non-prescribed substances used during treatment were opioids (n=31) and THC (n=20).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In this non-randomized retrospective observational study, use of XR-Bup was associated with reduced ED use 6 months following initiation. XR-Bup may help health systems reduce use of costly ED services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000179/pdfft?md5=4eb126d38c0e9db6e6b419e4fb711bcd&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140646549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sociodemographic and patient reported outcomes by racial and ethnicity status among participants in a randomized controlled trial for methamphetamine use disorder 甲基苯丙胺使用障碍随机对照试验参与者中按种族和民族状况分列的社会人口学结果和患者报告结果

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100230

Chukwuemeka N. Okafor , Thomas Carmody , Angela L. Stotts , Gavin Bart , Taryn L. Mayes , Tara Karns-Wright , Madhukar Trivedi , Steve Shoptaw , Jennifer S. Potter

Background

There has been a significant increase in methamphetamine use and methamphetamine use disorder (Meth UD) in the United States, with evolving racial and ethnic differences.

Objectives

This secondary analysis explored racial and ethnic differences in baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as well as treatment effects on a measure of substance use recovery, depression symptoms, and methamphetamine craving among participants in a pharmacotherapy trial for Meth UD.

Methods

The ADAPT-2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03078075; N=403; 69% male) was a multisite, 12-week randomized, double-blind, trial that employed a two-stage sequential parallel design to evaluate the efficacy of combination naltrexone (NTX) and oral bupropion (BUP) vs. placebo for Meth UD. Treatment effect was calculated as the weighted mean change in outcomes in the NTX-BUP minus placebo group across the two stages of treatment.

Results

Of the 403 participants in the ADAPT-2 trial, the majority (65%) reported non-Hispanic White, while 14%, 11% and 10% reported Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic other racial and ethnic categories respectively. At baseline non-Hispanic Black participants reported less severe indicators of methamphetamine use than non-Hispanic White. Treatment effects for recovery, depression symptoms and methamphetamine cravings did not significantly differ by race and ethnicity.

Conclusions

Although we found racial and ethnic differences at baseline, our findings did not show racial and ethnic differences in treatment effects of NTX-BUP on recovery, depression symptoms and methamphetamine cravings. However, our findings also highlight the need to expand representation of racial and ethnic minority groups in future trials.

背景在美国，甲基苯丙胺的使用和甲基苯丙胺使用障碍（Meth UD）明显增加，而且种族和民族差异也在不断扩大。目的这项二次分析探讨了基线社会人口学和临床特征方面的种族和民族差异，以及甲基苯丙胺使用障碍药物治疗试验参与者在药物使用恢复措施、抑郁症状和甲基苯丙胺渴求方面的治疗效果。方法ADAPT-2试验（ClinicalTrials.gov编号：NCT03078075；N=403；69%为男性）是一项多地点、为期12周的随机双盲试验，采用了两阶段顺序平行设计，以评估纳曲酮（NTX）和口服安非他明（BUP）联合疗法与安慰剂相比对甲基苯丙胺依赖症的疗效。ADAPT-2试验的403名参与者中，大多数（65%）为非西班牙裔白人，而西班牙裔、非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔其他种族和民族分别占14%、11%和10%。在基线上，非西班牙裔黑人参与者报告的甲基苯丙胺使用指标不如非西班牙裔白人严重。结论虽然我们发现基线时存在种族和民族差异，但我们的研究结果并未显示 NTX-BUP 对康复、抑郁症状和甲基苯丙胺渴求的治疗效果存在种族和民族差异。然而，我们的研究结果也强调了在未来的试验中扩大少数种族和族裔群体代表性的必要性。

{"title":"Sociodemographic and patient reported outcomes by racial and ethnicity status among participants in a randomized controlled trial for methamphetamine use disorder","authors":"Chukwuemeka N. Okafor , Thomas Carmody , Angela L. Stotts , Gavin Bart , Taryn L. Mayes , Tara Karns-Wright , Madhukar Trivedi , Steve Shoptaw , Jennifer S. Potter","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There has been a significant increase in methamphetamine use and methamphetamine use disorder (Meth UD) in the United States, with evolving racial and ethnic differences.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This secondary analysis explored racial and ethnic differences in baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics as well as treatment effects on a measure of substance use recovery, depression symptoms, and methamphetamine craving among participants in a pharmacotherapy trial for Meth UD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The ADAPT-2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03078075; N=403; 69% male) was a multisite, 12-week randomized, double-blind, trial that employed a two-stage sequential parallel design to evaluate the efficacy of combination naltrexone (NTX) and oral bupropion (BUP) vs. placebo for Meth UD. Treatment effect was calculated as the <em>weighted mean change</em> in outcomes in the NTX-BUP minus placebo group across the two stages of treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 403 participants in the ADAPT-2 trial, the majority (65%) reported non-Hispanic White, while 14%, 11% and 10% reported Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic other racial and ethnic categories respectively. At baseline non-Hispanic Black participants reported less severe indicators of methamphetamine use than non-Hispanic White. Treatment effects for recovery, depression symptoms and methamphetamine cravings did not significantly differ by race and ethnicity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although we found racial and ethnic differences at baseline, our findings did not show racial and ethnic differences in treatment effects of NTX-BUP on recovery, depression symptoms and methamphetamine cravings. However, our findings also highlight the need to expand representation of racial and ethnic minority groups in future trials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000143/pdfft?md5=4c29f016fcfc08541f57db78887e5579&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000143-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140606818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mediational pathways among drug use initiation, use-related consequences, and quit attempts 开始吸毒、吸毒相关后果和戒毒尝试之间的中介途径

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100229

Adura Sogbesan , Danielle Lenz , Jamey J. Lister , Leslie H. Lundahl , Mark K. Greenwald , Eric A. Woodcock

Background

Factors that predict attempts to discontinue drug use are clinically relevant and may inform treatment. This study investigated drug use-related consequences as a predictor of drug quit attempts and treatment seeking among two cohorts of persons who use drugs.

Methods

Drug use and clinical characteristics were assessed among persons who use cocaine (N=176; urine-verified; ‘Cocaine Cohort’) and among those who use heroin (N=166; urine-verified; ‘Heroin Cohort’). Mediation analyses assessed relationships among age at initial drug use, adverse drug-specific use-related consequences, and drug-specific quit attempts, separately for each cohort. Forward conditional logistic regression models evaluated drug use and clinical symptom scores as predictors of drug-specific treatment seeking.

Results

Controlling for age, mediation models showed that drug use consequences fully mediated the relationship between age at initial drug use and number of drug-specific quit attempts for the ‘Cocaine Cohort’ and ‘Heroin Cohort’ (R²=0.30, p<.001; R²=0.17, p<.001; respectively). Reporting more consequences predicted more quit attempts in each cohort, accounting for duration of use (ps<.001). Reporting more consequences also predicted greater likelihood of seeking drug use treatment (ps<.001) and was associated with more severe clinical symptoms in each cohort (ps<.05).

Conclusions

Using a parallel analysis design, we showed that reporting more drug-specific use-related consequences predicted more drug-specific quit attempts and greater likelihood to seek treatment in two cohorts: persons who use cocaine and those who use heroin. Our findings suggest that experiencing more drug use consequences predicts more attempts to seek drug abstinence and that assessment of consequences may be informative for treatment.

背景预测戒毒尝试的因素与临床相关，可为治疗提供参考。本研究调查了两个吸毒人群中与吸毒相关的后果作为戒毒尝试和寻求治疗的预测因素的情况。方法对可卡因吸毒者（人数=176；尿液验证；"可卡因人群"）和海洛因吸毒者（人数=166；尿液验证；"海洛因人群"）的吸毒情况和临床特征进行了评估。中介分析分别评估了每个队列中初次使用毒品的年龄、与使用毒品相关的不良后果和戒毒尝试之间的关系。前向条件逻辑回归模型评估了毒品使用和临床症状评分对毒品特定治疗寻求的预测作用。结果控制年龄后，中介模型显示，毒品使用后果完全中介了 "可卡因队列 "和 "海洛因队列 "初次吸毒年龄与毒品特定戒毒尝试次数之间的关系（R2=0.30，p<.001；R2=0.17，p<.001；分别为0.30、p<.001、p<.001）。在每个队列中，报告更多后果预示着更多的戒毒尝试，考虑到使用时间的长短（ps< .001）。结论通过平行分析设计，我们发现在两个队列中，报告更多与毒品使用相关的后果可预测更多的戒毒尝试和更大的寻求治疗的可能性：可卡因使用者和海洛因使用者。我们的研究结果表明，经历更多的吸毒后果预示着更多的戒毒尝试，对后果的评估可能对治疗具有参考价值。

{"title":"Mediational pathways among drug use initiation, use-related consequences, and quit attempts","authors":"Adura Sogbesan , Danielle Lenz , Jamey J. Lister , Leslie H. Lundahl , Mark K. Greenwald , Eric A. Woodcock","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Factors that predict attempts to discontinue drug use are clinically relevant and may inform treatment. This study investigated drug use-related consequences as a predictor of drug quit attempts and treatment seeking among two cohorts of persons who use drugs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Drug use and clinical characteristics were assessed among persons who use cocaine (N=176; urine-verified; ‘Cocaine Cohort’) and among those who use heroin (N=166; urine-verified; ‘Heroin Cohort’). Mediation analyses assessed relationships among age at initial drug use, adverse drug-specific use-related consequences, and drug-specific quit attempts, separately for each cohort. Forward conditional logistic regression models evaluated drug use and clinical symptom scores as predictors of drug-specific treatment seeking.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Controlling for age, mediation models showed that drug use consequences <em>fully mediated</em> the relationship between age at initial drug use and number of drug-specific quit attempts for the ‘Cocaine Cohort’ and ‘Heroin Cohort’ (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup>=0.30, <em>p</em><.001; <em>R</em><sup>2</sup>=0.17, <em>p</em><.001; respectively). Reporting more consequences predicted more quit attempts in each cohort, accounting for duration of use (<em>p</em>s<.001). Reporting more consequences also predicted greater likelihood of seeking drug use treatment (<em>p</em>s<.001) and was associated with more severe clinical symptoms in each cohort (<em>p</em>s<.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Using a parallel analysis design, we showed that reporting more drug-specific use-related consequences predicted more drug-specific quit attempts and greater likelihood to seek treatment in two cohorts: persons who use cocaine and those who use heroin. Our findings suggest that experiencing more drug use consequences predicts more attempts to seek drug abstinence and that assessment of consequences may be informative for treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000131/pdfft?md5=c07a0ae9e317ae24bb85b6eb9554b3ac&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000131-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cigarettes and e-cigarettes use among US adults with multimorbidity 患有多种疾病的美国成年人使用香烟和电子烟的情况

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100231

Olatokunbo Osibogun , Wei Li , Rime Jebai , Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan

Background

Tobacco use leads to multiple illnesses. Yet, the effects of different categories of tobacco use on multimorbidity remain understudied. We investigated the associations between tobacco use categories and multimorbidity and the potential moderating effects of age, sex, or race/ethnicity among adults in the United States.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using pooled data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the years 2020–2022. Multimorbidity was ascertained through self-reported ≥2 chronic health conditions. We categorized tobacco use into nine derived from nonuse (did not use e-cigarettes or cigarettes), former cigarette or e-cigarette use, current (used on some days/everyday) cigarette use or e-cigarette use, or both (dual use). We used multinomial logistic regression to investigate the associations while accounting for potential confounding factors.

Results

Within the sample (N=1,080,257), 28.2% reported multimorbidity. For the categories examined (former exclusive e-cigarette, exclusive e-cigarette, former exclusive cigarette, former dual, former cigarette/current e-cigarette, exclusive cigarette, current cigarette/former e-cigarette and dual use), all reported higher odds of having multimorbidity compared to those who reported nonuse of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes. We found significant interactions for age, sex and race/ethnicity with the tobacco use categories for multimorbidity (p<0.01), where stronger associations were observed among younger adults, females and non-Hispanic Multiracial for current dual use (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or both was associated with multimorbidity among adults, which was more pronounced among younger adults, females and non-Hispanic Multiracial. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted public health interventions to mitigate the health risks associated with using both products, particularly among specific demographics, to reduce the prevalence of multimorbidity.

背景烟草使用导致多种疾病。然而，不同类别的烟草使用对多病症的影响仍未得到充分研究。我们调查了美国成年人中烟草使用类别与多病症之间的关系，以及年龄、性别或种族/人种的潜在调节作用。多病情况通过自我报告的≥2种慢性健康状况来确定。我们将烟草使用分为九类，包括不使用（不使用电子烟或香烟）、曾经使用香烟或电子烟、目前（某些日子/每天使用）使用香烟或电子烟或两者兼用（双重使用）。我们在考虑潜在混杂因素的同时，使用多项式逻辑回归法研究了两者之间的关联。结果在样本（样本数=1,080,257）中，有 28.2% 的人报告患有多种疾病。与不使用电子烟和香烟的人群相比，所有受检类别（以前只吸食电子烟、以前只吸食电子烟、以前只吸食香烟、以前双重吸食、以前吸食香烟/现在吸食电子烟、以前只吸食香烟、现在吸食香烟/以前吸食电子烟和双重吸食）的人群都有更高的多病症几率。我们发现年龄、性别和种族/人种与多病症烟草使用类别之间存在显着的交互作用（p<0.01），其中年轻成人、女性和非西班牙裔多种族人与当前双重使用烟草的关联性更强（p<0.05）。这些发现强调了实施有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的重要性，以降低使用这两种产品带来的健康风险，尤其是在特定人群中，从而降低多病症的发病率。

{"title":"Cigarettes and e-cigarettes use among US adults with multimorbidity","authors":"Olatokunbo Osibogun , Wei Li , Rime Jebai , Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tobacco use leads to multiple illnesses. Yet, the effects of different categories of tobacco use on multimorbidity remain understudied. We investigated the associations between tobacco use categories and multimorbidity and the potential moderating effects of age, sex, or race/ethnicity among adults in the United States.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using pooled data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the years 2020–2022. Multimorbidity was ascertained through self-reported ≥2 chronic health conditions. We categorized tobacco use into nine derived from nonuse (did not use e-cigarettes or cigarettes), former cigarette or e-cigarette use, current (used on some days/everyday) cigarette use or e-cigarette use, or both (dual use). We used multinomial logistic regression to investigate the associations while accounting for potential confounding factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Within the sample (N=1,080,257), 28.2% reported multimorbidity. For the categories examined (former exclusive e-cigarette, exclusive e-cigarette, former exclusive cigarette, former dual, former cigarette/current e-cigarette, exclusive cigarette, current cigarette/former e-cigarette and dual use), all reported higher odds of having multimorbidity compared to those who reported nonuse of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes. We found significant interactions for age, sex and race/ethnicity with the tobacco use categories for multimorbidity (p<0.01), where stronger associations were observed among younger adults, females and non-Hispanic Multiracial for current dual use (p<0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or both was associated with multimorbidity among adults, which was more pronounced among younger adults, females and non-Hispanic Multiracial. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted public health interventions to mitigate the health risks associated with using both products, particularly among specific demographics, to reduce the prevalence of multimorbidity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772724624000155/pdfft?md5=85fe99b1029310713af94796dd105f31&pid=1-s2.0-S2772724624000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140606817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perspectives regarding cannabis use: Results from a qualitative study of individuals engaged in substance use treatment in Georgia and Connecticut 关于大麻使用的观点：对佐治亚州和康涅狄格州接受药物使用治疗者的定性研究结果

Drug and alcohol dependence reports

Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100228

Charles A. Warnock , Ashlin R. Ondrusek , E. Jennifer Edelman , Trace Kershaw , Jessica L. Muilenburg

Objective

Cannabis use is increasingly pervasive throughout the U.S. People in treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) may be especially at-risk of harm due to this changing context of cannabis in the U.S. This study’s objective was to qualitatively describe experiences and beliefs around cannabis among people who had entered treatment for any SUD in the past 12-months.

Methods

From May to November of 2022, we conducted 27 semi-structured interviews (n=16 in Georgia, n=11 in Connecticut) with individuals in treatment for SUD in Georgia and Connecticut. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using an emergent approach.

Results

All participants had used cannabis in the past. Four themes emerged from the interviews. Participants: (1) perceived cannabis as an important contributor to non-cannabis substance use initiation in adolescence; (2) viewed cannabis as a substance with the potential to improve health with fewer side effects than prescription medications; (3) expressed conflicting opinions regarding cannabis as a trigger or tool to manage cravings for other non-cannabis substances currently; and 4) described concerns related to negative legal, social service, and treatment-related consequences as well as negative peer perception relating to the use of cannabis.

Conclusion

Although participants described cannabis’s important role as an initiatory drug in adolescence and young adulthood, many felt that cannabis was a medicinal substance for a range of health challenges. These findings suggest SUD treatment clinicians should address medicinal beliefs related to cannabis among their clients and emphasizes the need for research on cannabis use and SUD treatment outcomes.

由于美国大麻环境的不断变化，正在接受药物使用失调（SUD）治疗的人可能尤其面临受到伤害的风险。本研究的目的是定性描述在过去 12 个月中接受过任何 SUD 治疗的人对大麻的体验和看法。方法从 2022 年 5 月到 11 月，我们对佐治亚州和康涅狄格州接受 SUD 治疗的人进行了 27 次半结构式访谈（佐治亚州 16 人，康涅狄格州 11 人）。我们对访谈进行了记录、转录，并采用新兴方法对访谈进行了主题分析。访谈中出现了四个主题。参与者：(1) 认为大麻是青少年时期开始使用非大麻药物的一个重要因素；(2) 认为大麻是一种有可能改善健康状况且副作用小于处方药的药物；(3) 对于大麻是目前控制对其他非大麻药物渴求的触发因素还是工具表达了相互矛盾的观点；以及 (4) 描述了与法律、社会服务和治疗相关的负面后果以及与使用大麻相关的同伴负面看法有关的担忧。结论虽然参与者描述了大麻作为青春期和青年期初始药物的重要作用，但许多人认为大麻是一种治疗各种健康问题的药用物质。这些研究结果表明，精神药物依赖性疾病治疗临床医生应解决客户中与大麻有关的药用信仰问题，并强调了对大麻使用和精神药物依赖性疾病治疗结果进行研究的必要性。

{"title":"Perspectives regarding cannabis use: Results from a qualitative study of individuals engaged in substance use treatment in Georgia and Connecticut","authors":"Charles A. Warnock , Ashlin R. Ondrusek , E. Jennifer Edelman , Trace Kershaw , Jessica L. Muilenburg","doi":"10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Cannabis use is increasingly pervasive throughout the U.S. People in treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) may be especially at-risk of harm due to this changing context of cannabis in the U.S. This study’s objective was to qualitatively describe experiences and beliefs around cannabis among people who had entered treatment for any SUD in the past 12-months.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From May to November of 2022, we conducted 27 semi-structured interviews (n=16 in Georgia, n=11 in Connecticut) with individuals in treatment for SUD in Georgia and Connecticut. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed using an emergent approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All participants had used cannabis in the past. Four themes emerged from the interviews. Participants: (1) perceived cannabis as an important contributor to non-cannabis substance use initiation in adolescence; (2) viewed cannabis as a substance with the potential to improve health with fewer side effects than prescription medications; (3) expressed conflicting opinions regarding cannabis as a trigger or tool to manage cravings for other non-cannabis substances currently; and 4) described concerns related to negative legal, social service, and treatment-related consequences as well as negative peer perception relating to the use of cannabis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although participants described cannabis’s important role as an initiatory drug in adolescence and young adulthood, many felt that cannabis was a medicinal substance for a range of health challenges. These findings suggest SUD treatment clinicians should address medicinal beliefs related to cannabis among their clients and emphasizes the need for research on cannabis use and SUD treatment outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72841,"journal":{"name":"Drug and alcohol dependence reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277272462400012X/pdfft?md5=58888d82046f6622081bec8675a149dc&pid=1-s2.0-S277272462400012X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140330928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0