Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d6
Kunal Singh, Ajit Khosla, Shilpa Gupta
Soft robotics, offering precise actions in complex environments, stands at the brink of transformative advancements across diverse fields. To realize this potential, the field must address five key challenges: creation of soft power and control mechanisms, emphasis on sustainability, cultivation of advanced intelligence, and the imperative for standardization. This perspective argues for solutions grounded in sensory feedback systems, aiming to fortify the foundation of soft robotics, ensure its sustainability, enhance adaptability in robot intelligence, and set the stage for scalable robot production. Addressing these challenges, we aim to pave the way for a more inclusive era of soft robotic technology.
{"title":"Perspective—Five Sensor-Centric Grand Challenges in Soft Robotics","authors":"Kunal Singh, Ajit Khosla, Shilpa Gupta","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d6","url":null,"abstract":"Soft robotics, offering precise actions in complex environments, stands at the brink of transformative advancements across diverse fields. To realize this potential, the field must address five key challenges: creation of soft power and control mechanisms, emphasis on sustainability, cultivation of advanced intelligence, and the imperative for standardization. This perspective argues for solutions grounded in sensory feedback systems, aiming to fortify the foundation of soft robotics, ensure its sustainability, enhance adaptability in robot intelligence, and set the stage for scalable robot production. Addressing these challenges, we aim to pave the way for a more inclusive era of soft robotic technology.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135091303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d8
Zoe Bradley, David Cunningham, Nikhil Bhalla
Abstract Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensing has been a simple and cost-effective way to measure local refractive index changes. LSPR materials exhibit fascinating properties that have significant implications for various bio/chemical sensing applications. In many of these applications, the focus has traditionally been on analyzing the intensity of the reflected or transmitted signals in terms of the refractive index of the surrounding medium. However, limited simulation work is conducted on investigating the refractive index sensitivity of LSPR materials. Within this context, here we simulate the refractive index sensing properties of spherical gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles ranging from 20-120 nm diameter within 1.0 to 1.50 refractive index units (RIU). After analyzing the peak optical efficiency and peak wavelength, we report the sensing performance of these materials in terms of sensitivity, linearity and figure of merit (FOM). Overall, our observations have revealed greatest FOM values for the smallest sized nanoparticles, a FOM of 6.6 for 20 nm AuNPs and 11.9 for 20 nm AgNPs with refractive index of 1.
{"title":"Refractive Index-Modulated LSPR Sensing in 20-120 nm Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: A Simulation Study","authors":"Zoe Bradley, David Cunningham, Nikhil Bhalla","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensing has been a simple and cost-effective way to measure local refractive index changes. LSPR materials exhibit fascinating properties that have significant implications for various bio/chemical sensing applications. In many of these applications, the focus has traditionally been on analyzing the intensity of the reflected or transmitted signals in terms of the refractive index of the surrounding medium. However, limited simulation work is conducted on investigating the refractive index sensitivity of LSPR materials. Within this context, here we simulate the refractive index sensing properties of spherical gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles ranging from 20-120 nm diameter within 1.0 to 1.50 refractive index units (RIU). After analyzing the peak optical efficiency and peak wavelength, we report the sensing performance of these materials in terms of sensitivity, linearity and figure of merit (FOM). Overall, our observations have revealed greatest FOM values for the smallest sized nanoparticles, a FOM of 6.6 for 20 nm AuNPs and 11.9 for 20 nm AgNPs with refractive index of 1.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135875390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d5
Shirlley E. Martínez Tolibia, Andrés Galdámez-Martínez, Rafael A. Salinas, Ateet Dutt
Abstract The unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has opened huge opportunities for nanostructure-based biosensors focused on timely detection of emerging respiratory viruses, where challenges must address actions for fast response and massive application. Accordingly, we present a comprehensive perspective covering critical aspects of nanomaterials, biofunctionalization strategies, and bioreceptors engineering to increase accuracy, emphasizing optical nanobiosensors. The first biosensing prototype performance reveals the need to consider crucial factors for improvement, such as handling detection in complex matrices, standardization for commercial purposes, portability, integration with artificial intelligence, sustainability, and economic feasibility. By achieving these goals, biosensors would foster a prepared global healthcare landscape.
{"title":"Anticipating Challenges in Optical Nanobiosensors for Global Detection of Respiratory Viruses and Emerging Threats","authors":"Shirlley E. Martínez Tolibia, Andrés Galdámez-Martínez, Rafael A. Salinas, Ateet Dutt","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has opened huge opportunities for nanostructure-based biosensors focused on timely detection of emerging respiratory viruses, where challenges must address actions for fast response and massive application. Accordingly, we present a comprehensive perspective covering critical aspects of nanomaterials, biofunctionalization strategies, and bioreceptors engineering to increase accuracy, emphasizing optical nanobiosensors. The first biosensing prototype performance reveals the need to consider crucial factors for improvement, such as handling detection in complex matrices, standardization for commercial purposes, portability, integration with artificial intelligence, sustainability, and economic feasibility. By achieving these goals, biosensors would foster a prepared global healthcare landscape.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135875392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d4
Keren Zhou, Vinay Kammarchedu, Aida Ebrahimi
Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a phenazine-producing pathogen recognized for its biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance, showing up to 1000 times higher resistance than planktonic cells. In particular, it is shown that a phenazine called pyocyanin promotes antibiotic tolerance in P. aeruginosa cultures by upregulating efflux pumps and inducing biofilm formation. Therefore, real-time study of phenazine production in response to antibiotics could offer new insights for early detection and management of infection. Toward this goal, this work demonstrates real-time monitoring of P. aeruginosa colony biofilms challenged by antibiotics using electrochemical sensors based on direct laser functionalization of laser induced graphene (LIG) with gold (Au) nanostructures. Specifically, two routes for functionalization of LIG electrodes with Au-containing solutions are studied: electroless deposition and direct laser functionalization (E-Au/LIG and L-Au/LIG). While both methods show comparable sensitivity (1.276 vs 1.205 µA/µM), E-Au/LIG has bactericidal effects which makes it unsuitable as a sensor material. The effect of antibiotics (gentamicin as a model drug) on the production rate of phenazines before (i.e., in planktonic phase) or after biofilm formation is studied. The sensor data confirms that the P. aeruginosa biofilms are at least 100 times more tolerant to the antibiotic than planktonic cells.
铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. aeruginosa)是一种产生非那嗪的病原体，其生物膜介导的抗生素耐药性比浮游细胞高1000倍。特别是，研究表明，一种被称为pyocyanin的非那嗪通过上调外排泵和诱导生物膜形成来促进铜绿假单胞菌培养物的抗生素耐受性。因此，实时研究非那嗪对抗生素的反应可以为感染的早期发现和管理提供新的见解。为了实现这一目标，本研究展示了利用基于激光诱导石墨烯(LIG)与金(Au)纳米结构的直接激光功能化的电化学传感器，实时监测抗生素挑战的铜绿假单胞菌菌落生物膜。具体来说，研究了两种用含金溶液实现LIG电极功能化的途径:化学沉积和直接激光功能化(E-Au/LIG和L-Au/LIG)。虽然两种方法都显示出相当的灵敏度(1.276 vs 1.205µA/µM)，但E-Au/LIG具有杀菌作用，因此不适合作为传感器材料。研究了生物膜形成前(即浮游期)和生物膜形成后抗生素(以庆大霉素为模型药物)对非那嗪产率的影响。传感器数据证实，铜绿假单胞菌生物膜对抗生素的耐受性至少是浮游细胞的100倍。
{"title":"Direct Laser-Functionalized Au-LIG Sensors for Real-time Electrochemical Monitoring of Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms to Antibiotics","authors":"Keren Zhou, Vinay Kammarchedu, Aida Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a phenazine-producing pathogen recognized for its biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance, showing up to 1000 times higher resistance than planktonic cells. In particular, it is shown that a phenazine called pyocyanin promotes antibiotic tolerance in P. aeruginosa cultures by upregulating efflux pumps and inducing biofilm formation. Therefore, real-time study of phenazine production in response to antibiotics could offer new insights for early detection and management of infection. Toward this goal, this work demonstrates real-time monitoring of P. aeruginosa colony biofilms challenged by antibiotics using electrochemical sensors based on direct laser functionalization of laser induced graphene (LIG) with gold (Au) nanostructures. Specifically, two routes for functionalization of LIG electrodes with Au-containing solutions are studied: electroless deposition and direct laser functionalization (E-Au/LIG and L-Au/LIG). While both methods show comparable sensitivity (1.276 vs 1.205 µA/µM), E-Au/LIG has bactericidal effects which makes it unsuitable as a sensor material. The effect of antibiotics (gentamicin as a model drug) on the production rate of phenazines before (i.e., in planktonic phase) or after biofilm formation is studied. The sensor data confirms that the P. aeruginosa biofilms are at least 100 times more tolerant to the antibiotic than planktonic cells.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135875582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d7
Kamil Reza Khondakar, Matin Ataei Kachouei, Frank Efe Efe Erukainure, Md. Azahar Ali
Abstract A liquid biopsy combined with an exosome chip is an important detection tool for early cancer diagnosis. Exosomes have a crucial function in the exchange of information between cells and are present in biological fluids. Exosome chips are microfluidic devices designed to isolate, capture, and analyze exosomes for analysis of patient samples. These offer on-chip detection, high-throughput analysis, and multiplex measurements. Such chips can integrate with electrochemical and optical detectors, and mass spectrometry enabling comprehensive studies of diseases. This perspective will cover the outlook on chip-based diagnostics for liquid biopsy, detection, and isolation of exosomes to support cancer diagnostics.
{"title":"Review—Prospects in Cancer Diagnosis: Exosome-Chip for Liquid Biopsy","authors":"Kamil Reza Khondakar, Matin Ataei Kachouei, Frank Efe Efe Erukainure, Md. Azahar Ali","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad08d7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A liquid biopsy combined with an exosome chip is an important detection tool for early cancer diagnosis. Exosomes have a crucial function in the exchange of information between cells and are present in biological fluids. Exosome chips are microfluidic devices designed to isolate, capture, and analyze exosomes for analysis of patient samples. These offer on-chip detection, high-throughput analysis, and multiplex measurements. Such chips can integrate with electrochemical and optical detectors, and mass spectrometry enabling comprehensive studies of diseases. This perspective will cover the outlook on chip-based diagnostics for liquid biopsy, detection, and isolation of exosomes to support cancer diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135875578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad0736
Kannan Ramaiyan, Lok-kun Tsui, Eric L Brosha, Cortney Kreller, Joseph Stetter, Tamara Russ, Winncy Du, D Peaslee, Gary W. Hunter, Jennifer Xu, Darby Makel, Fernando Garzon, Rangachary Mukundan
Abstract Efforts to create a sustainable hydrogen economy are gaining momentum as governments all over the world are investing in hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and delivery technologies to develop a hydrogen infrastructure. This involves transporting hydrogen in gaseous or liquid form or using carrier gases such as methane, ammonia, or mixtures of methane and hydrogen. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas and can easily leak into the atmosphere leading to economic loss and safety concerns. Therefore, deployment of robust low-cost sensors for various scenarios involving hydrogen is of paramount importance. Here, we review some recent developments in hydrogen sensors for applications such as leak detection, safety, and process monitoring in production, transport, and use scenarios. The status of methane and ammonia sensors is covered due to their important role in hydrogen production and transportation using existing natural gas and ammonia infrastructure. This review further provides an overview of existing commercial hydrogen sensors and also addresses the potential for hydrogen as an interferent gas for currently used sensors. This review can help developers and users make informed decisions about how to drive hydrogen sensor technology forward and to incorporate hydrogen sensors into the various hydrogen deployment projects in the coming decade.
{"title":"Recent Developments in Sensor Technologies for Enabling the Hydrogen Economy","authors":"Kannan Ramaiyan, Lok-kun Tsui, Eric L Brosha, Cortney Kreller, Joseph Stetter, Tamara Russ, Winncy Du, D Peaslee, Gary W. Hunter, Jennifer Xu, Darby Makel, Fernando Garzon, Rangachary Mukundan","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad0736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad0736","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Efforts to create a sustainable hydrogen economy are gaining momentum as governments all over the world are investing in hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and delivery technologies to develop a hydrogen infrastructure. This involves transporting hydrogen in gaseous or liquid form or using carrier gases such as methane, ammonia, or mixtures of methane and hydrogen. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas and can easily leak into the atmosphere leading to economic loss and safety concerns. Therefore, deployment of robust low-cost sensors for various scenarios involving hydrogen is of paramount importance. Here, we review some recent developments in hydrogen sensors for applications such as leak detection, safety, and process monitoring in production, transport, and use scenarios. The status of methane and ammonia sensors is covered due to their important role in hydrogen production and transportation using existing natural gas and ammonia infrastructure. This review further provides an overview of existing commercial hydrogen sensors and also addresses the potential for hydrogen as an interferent gas for currently used sensors. This review can help developers and users make informed decisions about how to drive hydrogen sensor technology forward and to incorporate hydrogen sensors into the various hydrogen deployment projects in the coming decade.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134907539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The soil microenvironment greatly influences a plant’s ability to absorb nutrients and germinate. Sensing these changes in soil medium is critical to understand plant nutrient requirements. Soil being dynamic represents changes in nutrient content, element mobility, texture, water-holding capacity, and microbiota which affects the nutrient levels. These minor changes affect the plant in early growth and development and studying these changes has always been challenging. Microfluidics provides a platform to study nutrient availability and exchange in small volumes of liquid or media resembling plant microenvironments. Here, we have developed a novel microfluidic chip-embedded molecular imprinted sensor for sensing nitrate and phosphate in the media. For data acquisition and recording we have implemented a potentiostat controlled via a microcontroller allowing data storage and transfer via a long-range radio module (LoRA). The microfluidic device’s functionality was validated by germination of the legume crimson red and recoding the nitrate and phosphate levels in media for 7 d. The MIP-based sensor measures nitrate and phosphate, in the range from 1 to 1000 mM. The accuracy of detection for nitrate and phosphate showed 99% and 95% respectively. The chip coupled with MIP based sensor for nutrient analysis serves as a platform technology for studying nitrate and phosphate nutrient exchange and interaction. This chip in the future can be implemented to study plant deficiencies, drought resistance, and plant immunity.
{"title":"Enabling Smart Agriculture through Sensor-Integrated Microfluidic Chip to Monitor Nutrient Uptake in Plants","authors":"vivek kamat, Vagheeswari Venkadesh, Lamar Burton, Krishnaswamy Jayachandran, Shekhar Bhansali","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad024e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad024e","url":null,"abstract":"The soil microenvironment greatly influences a plant’s ability to absorb nutrients and germinate. Sensing these changes in soil medium is critical to understand plant nutrient requirements. Soil being dynamic represents changes in nutrient content, element mobility, texture, water-holding capacity, and microbiota which affects the nutrient levels. These minor changes affect the plant in early growth and development and studying these changes has always been challenging. Microfluidics provides a platform to study nutrient availability and exchange in small volumes of liquid or media resembling plant microenvironments. Here, we have developed a novel microfluidic chip-embedded molecular imprinted sensor for sensing nitrate and phosphate in the media. For data acquisition and recording we have implemented a potentiostat controlled via a microcontroller allowing data storage and transfer via a long-range radio module (LoRA). The microfluidic device’s functionality was validated by germination of the legume crimson red and recoding the nitrate and phosphate levels in media for 7 d. The MIP-based sensor measures nitrate and phosphate, in the range from 1 to 1000 mM. The accuracy of detection for nitrate and phosphate showed 99% and 95% respectively. The chip coupled with MIP based sensor for nutrient analysis serves as a platform technology for studying nitrate and phosphate nutrient exchange and interaction. This chip in the future can be implemented to study plant deficiencies, drought resistance, and plant immunity.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad024d
Lauren B. Kaiser-Jackson, Markus Dieser, Matthew McGlennen, Albert E. Parker, Christine M. Foreman, Stephan Warnat
During the growth of a polycrystalline ice lattice, microorganisms partition into veins, forming an ice vein network highly concentrated in salts and microbial cells. We used microfabricated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensors to determine the effect of microorganisms on the electrochemical properties of ice. Solutions analyzed consisted of a 176 μ S cm −1 conductivity solution, fluorescent beads, and Escherichia coli HB101-GFP to model biotic organisms. Impedance spectroscopy data were collected at −10 °C, −20 °C, and −25 °C within either ice veins or ice grains (i.e., no veins) spanning the sensors. After freezing, the fluorescent beads and E. coli were partitioned into the ice veins. The corresponding impedance data were discernibly different in the presence of ice veins and microbial impurities. The presence of microbial cells in ice veins was evident by decreased electrical characteristics (electrode polarization between electrode and ice matrix) relative to solid ice grains. Further, this electrochemical behavior was reversed in all bead-doped solutions, indicating that microbial processes influence sensor response. Linear mixed-effects models empirically corroborated the differences in polarization associated with the presence and absence of microbial cells in ice. We show that EIS has the potential to detect microbes in ice and differentiate between veins and solid grains.
在多晶冰格生长过程中，微生物分裂成脉状，形成高度集中于盐和微生物细胞的冰脉网络。我们采用微结构电化学阻抗谱(EIS)传感器来测定微生物对冰的电化学性质的影响。分析的溶液包括176 μ S cm−1电导率溶液、荧光珠和大肠杆菌HB101-GFP来模拟生物有机体。阻抗谱数据在- 10°C， - 20°C和- 25°C时在跨越传感器的冰脉或冰粒(即没有冰脉)中收集。冷冻后，荧光珠和大肠杆菌被分割到冰脉中。在冰纹和微生物杂质存在的情况下，相应的阻抗数据有明显的差异。与固体冰粒相比，冰脉中微生物细胞的存在明显降低了电特性(电极与冰基质之间的极化)。此外，这种电化学行为在所有掺杂的溶液中被逆转，表明微生物过程影响传感器的响应。线性混合效应模型从经验上证实了冰中微生物细胞的存在与不存在相关的极化差异。我们表明，EIS有潜力检测冰中的微生物，并区分静脉和固体颗粒。
{"title":"Detection of Microbes in Ice Using Microfabricated Impedance Spectroscopy Sensors","authors":"Lauren B. Kaiser-Jackson, Markus Dieser, Matthew McGlennen, Albert E. Parker, Christine M. Foreman, Stephan Warnat","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/ad024d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/ad024d","url":null,"abstract":"During the growth of a polycrystalline ice lattice, microorganisms partition into veins, forming an ice vein network highly concentrated in salts and microbial cells. We used microfabricated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensors to determine the effect of microorganisms on the electrochemical properties of ice. Solutions analyzed consisted of a 176 μ S cm −1 conductivity solution, fluorescent beads, and Escherichia coli HB101-GFP to model biotic organisms. Impedance spectroscopy data were collected at −10 °C, −20 °C, and −25 °C within either ice veins or ice grains (i.e., no veins) spanning the sensors. After freezing, the fluorescent beads and E. coli were partitioned into the ice veins. The corresponding impedance data were discernibly different in the presence of ice veins and microbial impurities. The presence of microbial cells in ice veins was evident by decreased electrical characteristics (electrode polarization between electrode and ice matrix) relative to solid ice grains. Further, this electrochemical behavior was reversed in all bead-doped solutions, indicating that microbial processes influence sensor response. Linear mixed-effects models empirically corroborated the differences in polarization associated with the presence and absence of microbial cells in ice. We show that EIS has the potential to detect microbes in ice and differentiate between veins and solid grains.","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135667270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/acfb92
Yaoli Zhao, Patartri Chakraborty, Zixia Meng, Asalatha Nair Syamala Amma, Amit Goyal, Thomas Thundat
An accurate molecular identification of plastic waste is important in increasing the efficacy of automatic plastic sorting in recycling. However, identification of real-world plastic waste, according to their resin identification code, remains challenging due to the lack of techniques that can provide high molecular selectivity. In this study, a standoff photothermal spectroscopy technique, utilizing a microcantilever, was used for acquiring mid-infrared spectra of real-world plastic waste, including those with additives, surface contaminants, and mixed plastics. Analysis of the standoff spectral data, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), showed 100% accuracy in selectively identifying real-world plastic waste according to their respective resin identification codes. Standoff photothermal spectroscopy, together with CNN analysis, offers a promising approach for the selective characterization of waste plastics in Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs).
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Plastic Waste Using Standoff Photothermal Spectroscopy","authors":"Yaoli Zhao, Patartri Chakraborty, Zixia Meng, Asalatha Nair Syamala Amma, Amit Goyal, Thomas Thundat","doi":"10.1149/2754-2726/acfb92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/2754-2726/acfb92","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate molecular identification of plastic waste is important in increasing the efficacy of automatic plastic sorting in recycling. However, identification of real-world plastic waste, according to their resin identification code, remains challenging due to the lack of techniques that can provide high molecular selectivity. In this study, a standoff photothermal spectroscopy technique, utilizing a microcantilever, was used for acquiring mid-infrared spectra of real-world plastic waste, including those with additives, surface contaminants, and mixed plastics. Analysis of the standoff spectral data, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), showed 100% accuracy in selectively identifying real-world plastic waste according to their respective resin identification codes. Standoff photothermal spectroscopy, together with CNN analysis, offers a promising approach for the selective characterization of waste plastics in Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs).","PeriodicalId":72870,"journal":{"name":"ECS sensors plus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135302746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-06DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ace068
Sara R Nixon, Imon Kanta Phukan, Brian J Armijo, Sasha B Ebrahimi, Devleena Samanta
In proximity-driven sensing, interactions between a probe and an analyte produce a detectable signal by causing a change in distance of two probe components or signaling moieties. By interfacing such systems with DNA-based nanostructures, platforms that are highly sensitive, specific, and programmable can be designed. In this Perspective, we delineate the advantages of using DNA building blocks in proximity-driven nanosensors and provide an overview of recent progress in the field, from sensors that rapidly detect pesticides in food to probes that identify rare cancer cells in blood. We also discuss current challenges and identify key areas that need further development.
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